1

By Avdhesh Kumar Mathur Member ICC Senior center Cupertino,

Milpita s and Anandvan Saratoga At Senior Center Cupertino On Friday, 27th May 2016 Blog --- Hinduism: Omkar Avdhesh Mathur

PowerPoint Presentatation NATURAL CALAMITIES AND Disaster management

2

Introduction• • By God’s grace and thanks to Gautalaji and Sri Dineshji who

gave me the opportunity to deliver this presentation, today I am addressing this august gathering of seniors, ICC Cupertino to whom I am always grateful

• Disaster management has lately drawn great attention from Government and awareness has been created in non Government Organization and public , in view of large scale loss of life and property in recent disasters like drought, Floods and due to earthquakes. .Government has created an independent department for Disaster management which is coordinating the activities of different departments engaged in development of country and Nation

3

• world is anything but serene and still. We are all vulnerable to natural threats, both internal and external.

• Meteor showers, asteroids are only a few of the factors likely to pose threats to the world from space.

• As for the seemingly solid earth, the planet's interior has an inner core of molten elements. It is invisible to our eyes, "a flaming core“

• . atmosphere surrounding the earth, "shield" us against external threats.

4

.

• Natural hazards may strike at any time. They can cause considerable loss of life and property.

• Generally referred to as "natural" disasters, earthquakes, lightning, flash floods, global wildfires, acid rain, and tidal waves have different intensities and effects.

• disasters in just moments can reduce a city, to ruin.s , no human being has the power to combat or prevent any of these hazards.

5

(GOD’s Will)

• No kind of calamity can occur, except by the leave of God: and if anyone believes in God, (God) guides his heart (aright): for God knows all things.

•Nor can a soul die except by God’s leave, the term being fixed as by writing. If any desires a reward in this life, We shall give it to him; and if any desires a reward in the hereafter, We shall give it to him. And swiftly shall We reward those that (serve Us with) gratitude

• This a Muslim Saying

• The subject matter . “Natural Calamities and Disaster management” with special reference to India will be of interest to you all.

EverestAvlaunche

7

What is the difference between disaster, catastrophe, and calamity?1.disaster is best suited for one-off events with

immediate consequences • 2. catastrophe for disasters with knock-on

effectswith an element of trajedy , • 3. calamity is usually something unforeseen

and precipitous, and is for longer periods than disaster

Disaster,Catastrophe,Calamities

8

5.. Natural Calamities in India• Natural Calamities / disasters in India, many of them related

to the climate of India, cause massive losses of Indian life and property .Droughts , flash floods, cyclones, avalanches, landslides brought on by torrential rains, and snowstorms pose the greatest threats.

• . In order to be classified as a Calamity / disaster it will have profound environmental effect and/or human loss and frequently incurs financial loss.

• Other dangers include frequent summer dust storms, which cause tremendous damage to property

• Recent Earthquakes, Tsunamies floods and drought in India has awakenend the people and Government for taking mimmediate measures to minimise the loss inlife of humans and cattles and wild life as well as of property.

9

Types of Calamities or Disasters.Types of Calamities or Disaster

1.Natural disasters are caused by climatic changes2 Disasters caused by Man.

as bynuclear bombs etc

We are focusing on Natural Calamities

10

. Top ten of Natural Calamities that changed face of earth

1. Tornadoes.2. Extreme Temperatures3. Avlanches. 4. Drought. 5.Wild fire6. Tsunami7.. Volcanic Erruption8.. Hurricanes9. Earthquakes10.Floods

11

S9 Tornadoes

• A tornado is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloudor,

• It is also referred to as a twister or a cyclone,• While I was in Atlanta It was broadcasted that nine

Tornados were approaching Florida and Georgia and to my surprise one of them hit about two miles away from our apparent resulting in uprooting all the non residential buildings in one squire mile area .Of there was no loss of life as it occurred at night time

12

• Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.

• Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are approximately 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles before dissipating.

• The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 300 mph (480 km/h), stretch more than two miles (3 km) across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (perhaps more )

13

A tarnado hit 10

8

14

EXTREME TEMPERATURES

• Extreme temperatures caused by a heat wave or cold waves

• A heat wave increases the temperature in a certain region and pushes the human body beyond its limit

• . The same is the case with a cold wave that is accompanied with heavy snowfall and extreme cold, which in 2003 led to 70,000 casualties.

15

S12. Extreme Temperatures

16

Drought

Droughts• A drought occurs when a region doesn't

receive enough rainfall which leads to a severe deficiency in the water supply.

• When it persists over an extended period, it destroys the agriculture of the region. Causing Famine in the area

17

Madrass Famine in 1877Madrass Famine 14A Madrass Fam Madrass Famineine 1887 Madrass Famine 14 A Madrass Famine 1887 Madrass Famine

18

Famine in Bundelkhand 2016

19

• Floods and drought are often two sides of the same coin. In certain places, they damage soil, water systems and ecosystems in repeating cycles that exacerbate each other’s impact.

In South Asia including India during the dry season, any rain passes straight through what are often degraded soils, leaving crops to wither in the sun.

Floods and Drought

20

Floods and drought contd

• Wells and underground resource quickly depleted because most monsoon rainfall runs uncontrollably off the land, without replenishing the underlying water.

When flooding occurs, it is traditional to divert water away from inundated floodplains to protect people and reduce damage to homes, farms, businesses and infrastructure.

• But by then, it is often already too late — and the following year the story will repeat itself.

21

Wild FiresWild fires are large fire which often

occur in wild land areas. Common causes

• include lightning and drought and by human negligence or arson.

• They can be threat to humans and property, as well as wildl life.

• Recently wild fire broke near Nainital was controlled by fire fighters but in other areas of Uttarkhand by natural rains by grace of God

22

. A daytime Wild Fire in California

18

23

Medium-intensity surface fire in an open Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous forest near Chandrapur, Maharashtra State, India.

http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/photos/in/in_3.jpg

24Wild Fire In Uttarkashi in 2016

photo 2.JPGphoto 2.JPGphoto 2.JPGphoto 2.JPGphoto 2.JPGphoto 2.JPG

25

Volcanic

Eruption

• Volcanic Eruption• A volcano is formed when magma from the earth's upper mantle moves to the surface. It

takes the form of a pool filled with molten rock. A volcano erupts when pressure builds.• This can cause hot ash flows, lava flows, lateral blasts, falling ash, and avalanches. An

erupting volcano can often trigger flash floods, tsunamis, mudflows, earthquakes, and

rock falls. Almost all Valcanoes in India are extint a

Name ElevationLocation

Last eruption Type

meters feet Coordinates

Barren Island

354 116112.278°N 93.858°E

currently activeStratovolc

ano

Narcondam

710 232913.43°N 94.28°E

560 kyrs BP

Stratovolcano

Deccan Traps

-- --18.51°N 73.43°E

66 mya --

Baratang -- --12.07°N 92.47°E

-- Mud Volcano

Dhinodhar Hills

386 Extinct

Dhosi Hill 540 180028.06°N 76.03°E

-- Extinct

26

Cyclone The winds rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere.

. A tropical cyclone is usually characterized by a low-pressure center with strong winds and spiral rain bands

27

23. Cyclone in Orrissa2015

28

. Earthquakes

• An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

• At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. Earthquakes are caused mostly by slippage within geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, andnuclear tests.

• The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the focus. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the epicenter.

29

• Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife. It is usually the secondary events that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, tsunamis(seismic sea waves) and volcanoes, which are actually the human disaster.

• Many of these could possibly be avoided by better construction, safety systems, early warning and planning.

30

Earthquake in Nepal

• 2015 Nepal earthquake Kathmandu• Date25 April 2015 (2015-04-25)Origin

time11:56:26 NST[1]Magnitude7.8 Mw[1]

Depth8.2 km (5.1 mi)[1]Epicenter28°08 49″N ′84°42 29″E′ 1]TypeThrust[1]Areas affectedNepal

• India, China, Bangladesh • Total damage$10 billion (about 50% of Nepal's nominal

GDP)[2]Max. intensityIX (Violent)[1]Aftershocks7.3 Mw

on 12 May at 12:50[3]

6.7 aMw on 26 April at 12:54[4] andon 10 Feb 2016

[Casualties8,857 dead in Nepal and 8,964 in total[6][7] 21,952 injured [6]

31

• 3.5 million homeless [6]The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake)[5][8] killed over 8,000 people and injured more than 21,000. It Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). ]

• It was the worst naturally occurred at 11:56 Nepal Standard Time on 25 April,2015 with a magnitude of 7.8M after 1934

32

Earth Quakes in Nepal 16 /4/2015

18

Epicentre 17 km S of Kodari, Nepal; Felt

in Delhi, West Bengal, Bihar, U.P.; 44

killed in India

7.3

April 26, 2015

12:39 IST

Northern India,North East India

27.794°N

85.974°E

Aftershock

33

EQ Nepal

34

. Rescue workin Nepal

35

29, Pictures of Damages in uttarkash

36

30 Showing Uttarkashi inUttrakhand India

37

31. Earthquake in Jammu and Kashmer

38

In Uttarkashi

39

Landslide 33Photo’s of Uttarkashi Damages the EQ measured 6.8 on moment magnitude scae

1294 villages and 30,000 people were affected

40

34. Floods

• When an expanse of water overflows, it submerges land and destroys everything that gets in its way. This is a flood

• . Floods are usually caused when the volume of water within a lake, river, or other body of water exceeds the total capacity of the body. Sometimes, the water level rises and causes it to overflow its channel

• Recent floods in uttarkasshi, Jammu and Kashmir and Chennai Tamilnadu created havoc and great loss of life and property

41

Slide 36 Cars submerge Minor flooding in a parking lot off Juniper street Atlanta on Christmas Eve from thunderstorms caused by an El Nino event. The same El Nino cau

42

Planning for flood safety involves many aspects of analysis and engineering, including:

• observation of previous and present flood heights and inundated areas,

• statistical, hydrologic, and hydraulic model analyses,

• mapping inundated areas and flood heights for future flood scenarios,

• long-term land use planning and regulation,• engineering design and construction of

structures to control or withstand flooding,

43

• intermediate-term monitoring, forecasting, and emergency-response planning, and

• short-term monitoring, warning, and response operation.

• In the riparian zone near rivers and streams, erosion control measures can be taken to try to slow down or reverse the natural forces that cause many waterways to meander over long periods of time. Flood controls, such as dams, can be

44

Among the steps encouraged are• - open data about hazards and risks, and the promotion of

personal planning-- land titles to encourage the investment in safe structures-- a focus of public spending on maintenance and repair to keep infrastructure functioning, such as clearing drains and maintaining bridges-- taking advantage of many technological advances in predicting weather through investing in hydro-meteorological services-- undertaking the long but important process of mapping hazards, vulnerability, and modeling risk-- implementing better building practices

45

• Natural Phenomena of, tsunami cause Disasters These are caused by erruption of Volcanos underneath in Oceans by which huge waives are generated

• . One such recent disaster is the tsunami in South Asia on December 26, 2004 which killed more than 2,00,000 people.This badly effected Indobar Nicobar islands and large portions of coastal area of Chinnai and Tamilnadu.

• It was caused by Volcanic Erruption in Pacific Ocean near Indonesia which caused waves of huge dimensions and caused much loss of property and also some life Vivekanand Temple saved life of many persons including A Supreme Court Judge

Tsunami

46

Tsunami 2004 near Indonesia

47

AnotherView of Tsunami

48

My experiences When I was posted as General Manager Nirman Nigam Dehradun

in1991 an in 92 when I was Chief Engineer Complaints and Quality Promotion cell, I had occasion to see and perform first hand Earth quake Disaster and its management in Uttarkashi and was associated with organizing the relief works on behalf of UP PWD,

The first thing I noticed was total failure of administration at District level due to destruction of district offices and dislocation of officers.

So Uttar Pradesh Government took help of officials of neighboring Districts but they were having problems being not acquainted with Locations and problems of Uttarkashi.

For example there was no system of management for storing and issuing materials being Procured, there was no company in the country not a single factory which could supply tents, chouldaries immediately and every one wanted two months time to manufacture and supply such articles. Even Steel factory were unable to supply required quantity of CGI sheets needed for providing immediate relief work..

49

After study of this phenomena we decided to manufacture CGI sheet huts as were being used in Antartica and manufactured the huts at Rishikesh and Haridwar and transported them to uttarkashi after disassembling and then reassembled in Uttarkashi at desired spots

in interior locations of tragedy to provide homes to people stranded and this took more than three months. And people in distress remained without roof.

But now the Central Government have taken steps and created a separate agency for disaster management which we saw in action when Earthquake occurred in NEPAL in 2015 how efficiently Indian rescue teams worked

50

• It was a pleasant surprise for all t osee that none of the Buildings constructed by Nirmal Nigam under my supervision got damaged at Uttarkashi as we took adequate precautions while designing Non Residential buildings for Eathquake tremmors even with seven intensity earthquake, not a a single crack or hair crack was formed and all appreciated this.

• This was because in designing non residential buildings of moutaineering Institue we took full precautions of providing reinforcement for earhquake tremmors and in residential buildings we had also provided reinforced cement concrete bands at foundation level in addition to bands at plinth,lintel and roof levels.

51

My Experaiance of Bhuj• Myself and wife visited Bhuj in Kutch Gujrat after 4 years of Eartquake

and we wereimpressed by the cleaniness of the place. All damaged building waste was removed from site. All roads were reconstructed and even private buildings were reconstructed .The old Swamy Narain temple which had one inch thick crcks had been beutifully repaired and also anew temple was construted

• A 200 bedded new hospital was also constructed. No body could say after four yearsuch a heavily damaged Bhuj would give such a picturess view. This probab ly due to the fact that besides Government so many Public and NGO organized ddivided Bhuj into various segments and did the rescue work with zeal nd great dexterity

We have done great and praise worthy work in even interiors of Earthquake rock ed Nepap in 2015 as now we are well prepared to minimize the loss.,but still more is tobe done in casaes of Drought and Floods.

52

43. Conclusion• It was essential that we look at disaster management from

the development angle. • proper mechanisms for disaster awareness and means of

disaster recovery are essential to achieving the MDGs.( Minimum Development Goals)

• In particular, the MDG targets such as integrating the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes, and reversing the loss of environmental resources can never be achieved without giving due emphasis to effective disaster management strategies.

53

• Aim and Objectives of risk reduction in disaster management

• To work towards reducing death and suffering–particularly among children—due to natural hazards in the most vulnerable communities through preparedness and mitigation.

• To reduce disaster losses by helping vulnerable communities recognize their risk and the methods to manage it.

• To identify and promote strategies, potential practices and programs that support comprehensive school safety.

54

To educate communities and organize various kinds of awareness raising and training programmes regarding natural hazards and possible preparedness measures.

To promote disaster safety in communities by developing awareness generation materials.

To assist in building a safer and disaster resilient India by partnering with the Government in developing holistic, pro-active, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategies for disaster risk reduction through collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations.

55

45Conclusiom traning inDisaster

Management

• How to Prevent losses of life and property in the Natural Disasters?

• 1. By anticipating and giving warnings.2.By providing help and timely supply of Drinking water and eatables 3.By timely providing medical help and medicines 4 By providing relief materials and adequate support of money and man power to handle the situation TheNatural Calamities cannot be stopped or prevented,

56

but damages can be minimised by being alert and providing awareness to people to bravely face the situation and by getting full cooperation of public and voluntary organisations.We are at a time where our society is able to bring the full force of scientific and technological advances to reduce the number of human tragedy and economic losses due to natural disasters. Although, we must take an integrated and diverse approach to disaster reduction, bringing new emphasis to research on disasters, on pre-disaster planning, and on preparedness. It is up to us to include disaster education and preparedness of the public as well as early warning systems, in which people at risk receive, understand, and act upon the warning information conveyed top

57

46. Conclusion Cont• 3. political commitment by public and private policy

makers and local community leaders, based on an understanding of risks and disaster reduction concepts, is fundamental to achieving change.

• 4. . Finally, even though national and local authorities bear the main responsibility for the safety of their people, it is the international community’s duty to advocate policies and actions in developing countries that pursue informed and well-designed disaster risk reduction strategies, and to ensure that their own programmes reduce disaster risks.

58

• GeoHazards Soceity is working in with its international partners and Government and other NGO’s to conducting programmes on Community Preparedness, School Safety, Hospital Safety, engineers training programmes, business continuity planning etc.

• There are benefits n in preparedness and mitigation at all levels of soceity including Government departments, schools, hospitals, corporate sector and communities at large.

59

End of Conclusion • 1. A need for disaster and risk reduction to be an essential part

of the broader concerns of sustainable development, and hence the need to make sure that risk assessments and vulnerability reduction measures are taken into account in different fields, such as environmental

• 2. t current development practices do not necessarily reduce community vulnerability to disasters – indeed, ill-advised and misdirected development practices may actually increase disaster risks.

• Much is being done under Make in India programme forDisaster management and much more is needed to be done.We have to remain alert all the time and not only in emergency.

60

The End Of Presentation

• I am thankful to the management and particularly to the chair person Sri Dhanu Shiva for conducting the session so well and to Khatriji and all staff of ICC for providing all necessary help and to the audience for giving me encouragement by listening so patiently.

• Hari Om• time permitting, you may like to see some more

slides

61

62

Tamil Diplomat – Chennai: Race to rescue India flood victimstamildiplomat.com624 × 351Search by image

63

Tamil Diplomat – Chennai: Race to rescue India flood victimstamildiplomat.com624 × 351Search by image

64

65

Tamil Diplomat – Chennai: Race to rescue India flood victimstamildiplomat.com624 × 351Search by image

66

Tamil Diplomat – Chennai: Race to rescue India flood victimstamildiplomat.com624 × 351Search by image

67

Tamil Diplomat – Chennai: Race to rescue India flood victimstamildiplomat.com624 × 351Search by image

Natural Hazards and DisastersThe world is anything but serene and still. We are all vulnerable to natural threats, both internal and external. Meteor showers, asteroids are only a few of the factors likely to pose threats to the world from space. As for the seemingly solid earth, the planet's interior has an inner core of molten elements. It surely would not be an exaggeration to call this part of the earth, which remains invisible to our eyes, "a flaming core". There also exists an atmosphere surrounding the earth, which is a "shield" against external threats. Yet, no part of the earth is immune against the effects of atmospheric forces like thunderstorms, storms, or hurricanes.Natural hazards may strike at any time. They can cause considerable loss of life and property. Generally referred to as "natural" disasters, earthquakes, lightning, flash floods, global wildfires, acid rain, and tidal waves have different intensities and effects. What is common to all these disasters is that in just moments they can reduce a city, with all its inhabitants, to ruin. What is most important, no human being has the power to combat or prevent any of these hazards.Heavy destruction is the legacy of catastrophes all over the planet. Yet, a disaster always affects only a particular region of the earth, thanks to nature's delicate balance which is a creation of Allah. A significant protection exists on earth for all living things as well as for human beings. The possibility of a devastating natural disaster always lurks in spite of this protection. Allah creates these disasters to show us how insecure our habitation can sometimes be. These outbursts of nature are reminders to all mankind that we have no control whatsoever over the planet. Likewise, each disaster serves the purpose of reminding us of our inherent weakness. These are surely warnings to those that can contemplate the significance of such events and draw lessons from the experience of others.What other lessons should man learn from natural disasters?The world is specially created for man. The reason why man is created is evident as the verse suggests:"He it is who created the heavens and the earth in six Days, and His Throne was over the waters, that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct." (Surah Hud: 7)The "setting" for this "test" is quite elaborate, however, and each event is a component of this sophisticated setting. Furthermore, none of these natural phenomena occur randomly; all have a scientific explanation. For instance, the earth's gravitational force explains why we do not drift off into space; rain falls when water vapour reaches a certain level of saturation. The same kind of causation is also valid for death, accidents or disease. Numerous causes can be cited for why a man dies, becomes sick, or has an accident. Yet, what really matters is not the number of these reasons but the "reliability" of the system these causes and their consequences rest upon. One particular aspect of this system is important; each incident proceeds in a way such that the human mind can entirely understand it. Allah warns man by means of natural disasters. An earthquake, for instance, kills thousands of women, children and young people and leaves many more injured. Those who are heedless of the warnings of Allah are prone to explain such incidents as "natural" phenomena and little understand that Allah creates these for specific purposes. Let us think for a moment: what would happen if only those who are guilty before Allah died in an earthquake? In such a case, the appropriate basis for the "test" of humankind would not be established. That is why Allah creates each phenomenon in a "natural" setting. Only those who are aware of the existence of Allah and have a deep comprehension of His creation understand the divine rationale behind this "natural" appearance.In the verse, "Every soul shall taste death: and We test you by evil and by good by way of trial. To Us must you return,"  (Surat al-Anbiya: 35), Allah states that He tests man through good as well as bad events.That many people are affected by a disaster is the riddle of this test. One should always keep in mind that Allah is the All-Knowing Judge and "the Decision between them at judgement will be in perfect justice."  (Surat az-Zumar: 75).All events happening to a person in this life are a part of the test. Those who are truly believers comprehend the essence of this riddle. Whenever a misfortune befalls them, they turn to Allah alone and repent. They are servants of Allah and are aware of the promise of Allah:Be sure We shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods and lives and the fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere, who say, when afflicted with calamity: "To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return". They are those on whom (descend) blessings from Allah, and mercy, and they are the ones that receive guidance.  (Surat al-Baqarah: 155- 157)As is stated in the verse, all people, believers and disbelievers, are tested in many ways: sometimes by natural disaster, at other times by something happening in our daily lives, a disease or an accident that befalls us. Such misfortunes strike individuals as well as societies and cause material loss along with spiritual suffering. A wealthy man may become bankrupt, a girl with good looks may receive a severe injury on the face, or a city may be reduced to rubble by an earthquake. These incidents are all clear demonstrations of how, at any moment, events can alter our lives.

Allah creates natural disasters on purpose. That is the way in which He demonstrates that this world is a temporary place used to put people to "the test".

68

free

Handbook for Effective Disaster Management at Micro Level FO

at

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

The End

78

79

The End of Presentation

Question & answer session