1985Lazarides, Clayton &

Palmer600 characters

2011GrassbaseAusGrass

GrassWorld1017 characters1977

Clifford & WatsonAustralian Grass

Genera332 characters

1992Watson & Dallwitz

Grass Genera of the World

ANU morphological

data

Genera Graminum data

DELTA descriptive frameworks for the grassesBlue boxes indicate genus level descriptionsRed boxes indicate species level descriptions

AusGrass original CD edition: 1999-20021323 species; Lucid 2.2

GrassWorld GrassWorld Interactive Key and Information System of World GrassesInteractive Key and Information System of World Grasses

Bryan SimonBryan Simon, , Dan HealyDan Healy, , Derek ClaytonDerek Clayton & & MariaMaria Yucely AlfonsoYucely Alfonso, , VorontsovaVorontsova, R.B.G., Kew, R.B.G., Kew

Queensland Herbarium Queensland Herbarium Kehan HarmanKehan Harman, Gaia Resources, Gaia Resources

DescriptionDescriptionAcrachne racemosaAcrachne racemosa (B.Heyne ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi. (B.Heyne ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi. Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus.Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus.18: 1 (1947).18: 1 (1947).

Source of coding:Source of coding: WDC. WDC.

Accepted byAccepted by:: Clayton, W.D. & Harman, K., Clayton, W.D. & Harman, K., GrassBase GrassBase (2008), Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. (2008), Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. AusGrassAusGrass (2002), Quattrocchi, U., (2002), Quattrocchi, U., CRC World Dictionary of GrassesCRC World Dictionary of Grasses (2006). (2006).TYPE TYPE from India. from India. Basionym or Replaced NameBasionym or Replaced Name: : Eleusine racemosaEleusine racemosa Heyne ex Roem. & Schult., Heyne ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Syst. ii. 583 (1817). T: India orientali, ii. 583 (1817). T: India orientali, D.B. Heyne s.n.D.B. Heyne s.n...

Illustrations: Illustrations: Jacques-Felix, H, Jacques-Felix, H, Les Graminees d'Afrique tropicaleLes Graminees d'Afrique tropicale (1962);, R.M.Polhill, FTEA, (1962);, R.M.Polhill, FTEA, GramineaeGramineae ;, ;, Flora ZambesiacaFlora Zambesiaca 10, L.K.A. Chippindall, 10, L.K.A. Chippindall, Grasses and Grasses and Pastures of South Africa Pastures of South Africa (1955), G.E. Gibbs Russell el al, (1955), G.E. Gibbs Russell el al, Grasses of Southern AfricaGrasses of Southern Africa (1990), Phillips, S. (1990), Phillips, S. PoaceaePoaceae (Gramineae) in Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (Gramineae) in Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. Flora of Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea Ethiopia and Eritrea (1995), Boulos, L, (1995), Boulos, L, Flora of EgyptFlora of Egypt 4 (2005), Cope, T.A. in Thulin, M. 4 (2005), Cope, T.A. in Thulin, M. Poaceae Poaceae (Gramineae). (Gramineae). Flora of Somalia Flora of Somalia (1995), Mallett, K.O. (ed.). (1995), Mallett, K.O. (ed.). Flora of Flora of AustraliaAustralia, Vol 44B. , Vol 44B. PoaceaePoaceae (2004), Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. (2004), Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. AusGrassAusGrass. Grasses of Australia. CD-Rom Version 1.0. ( 2002), Barkworth, M.E, et al, . Grasses of Australia. CD-Rom Version 1.0. ( 2002), Barkworth, M.E, et al, Flora of North Flora of North America north of MexicoAmerica north of Mexico Vol 25 Vol 25 PoaceaePoaceae, part 2 (2003), Gardner, C.A.,, part 2 (2003), Gardner, C.A., Flora of Western Australia Flora of Western Australia, Vol 1, Part 1, , Vol 1, Part 1, Gramineae Gramineae (1952) (as (1952) (as A. verticillataA. verticillata), Wheeler, J.R, et ), Wheeler, J.R, et al, al, Flora of the Kimberley Region Flora of the Kimberley Region (1992), Tothill, J.C. & Hacker J.B. (1992), Tothill, J.C. & Hacker J.B. The grasses of southern Queensland The grasses of southern Queensland (1983), Matthew, K. M. (1983), Matthew, K. M. Flora Palni Hills Flora Palni Hills (1996).(1996).

Images:Images: Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. Sharp, D. & Simon, B.K. AusGrassAusGrass. Grasses of Australia. CD-Rom Version 1.0. ( 2002);, G.E. Gibbs Russell el al, . Grasses of Australia. CD-Rom Version 1.0. ( 2002);, G.E. Gibbs Russell el al, Grasses of Southern Africa Grasses of Southern Africa (1990);.(1990);.

Derivation: Derivation: L. racemus, stalk of a cluster of grapes; -osa, abundance. The spikelets are borne in racemes or contracted panicles.L. racemus, stalk of a cluster of grapes; -osa, abundance. The spikelets are borne in racemes or contracted panicles.

Habit, Vegetative MorphologyHabit, Vegetative Morphology. Caespitose. Basal innovations intravaginal. Culms 15–75 cm long, 1–3 mm diam., 2–5 -noded. Lateral branches sparse. Leaves cauline. . Caespitose. Basal innovations intravaginal. Culms 15–75 cm long, 1–3 mm diam., 2–5 -noded. Lateral branches sparse. Leaves cauline. Leaf-sheaths as wide as blade at the collar, keeled. Ligule a ciliolate membrane, 0.5–1.25 mm long. Leaf-blades 15–75 cm long, 5–11.5 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface Leaf-sheaths as wide as blade at the collar, keeled. Ligule a ciliolate membrane, 0.5–1.25 mm long. Leaf-blades 15–75 cm long, 5–11.5 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface smooth, glabrous or pilose, sparsely hairy. Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous. Leaf-blade apex attenuate, filiform.smooth, glabrous or pilose, sparsely hairy. Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous. Leaf-blade apex attenuate, filiform.

InflorescenceInflorescence. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 3–25, digitate or borne along a central axis, in several whorls, unilateral, 1.5–10 cm long. Central . Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 3–25, digitate or borne along a central axis, in several whorls, unilateral, 1.5–10 cm long. Central inflorescence axis 0–15 cm long. Rhachis angular, terminating in a sterile spikelet. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis, regular. Spikelets appressed, solitary or in inflorescence axis 0–15 cm long. Rhachis angular, terminating in a sterile spikelet. Spikelet packing broadside to rhachis, regular. Spikelets appressed, solitary or in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile, 1–2 in the cluster. Pedicels absent.pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile, 1–2 in the cluster. Pedicels absent.

Sterile SpikeletsSterile Spikelets. Apical sterile spikelets rudimentary, 1 in number.. Apical sterile spikelets rudimentary, 1 in number.Fertile SpikeletsFertile Spikelets. Spikelets comprising 6–25 fertile florets, with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets of 2 or more fertile florets. Spikelets one-many-flowered - if two-. Spikelets comprising 6–25 fertile florets, with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets of 2 or more fertile florets. Spikelets one-many-flowered - if two-

flowered then both fertile or the upper sterile. Spikelets oblong, laterally compressed, 5.5–13 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, breaking up at maturity, rhachilla persistent, flowered then both fertile or the upper sterile. Spikelets oblong, laterally compressed, 5.5–13 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, breaking up at maturity, rhachilla persistent, retaining paleas, tough throughout or fragile above, with the distal florets falling as a whole. Rhachilla internodes 0.1 mm long, eventually visible between lemmas.retaining paleas, tough throughout or fragile above, with the distal florets falling as a whole. Rhachilla internodes 0.1 mm long, eventually visible between lemmas.

GlumesGlumes. Glumes deciduous, similar, shorter than spikelet. Lower glume lanceolate, 1.2–2.9 mm long, 0.5–0.8 length of upper glume, membranous, 1-keeled, 1 -veined. . Glumes deciduous, similar, shorter than spikelet. Lower glume lanceolate, 1.2–2.9 mm long, 0.5–0.8 length of upper glume, membranous, 1-keeled, 1 -veined. Lower glume lateral veins absent. Lower glume apex acuminate, mucronate. Upper glume ovate, 1.5–3 mm long, 0.5–0.7 length of adjacent fertile lemma, Lower glume lateral veins absent. Lower glume apex acuminate, mucronate. Upper glume ovate, 1.5–3 mm long, 0.5–0.7 length of adjacent fertile lemma, membranous, 1-keeled, 1 -veined. Upper glume primary vein scabrous. Upper glume lateral veins absent. Upper glume apex entire, acuminate, mucronate.membranous, 1-keeled, 1 -veined. Upper glume primary vein scabrous. Upper glume lateral veins absent. Upper glume apex entire, acuminate, mucronate.

FloretsFlorets. Fertile florets recurved at tip. Fertile lemma ovate, laterally compressed, ovate in profile, 2.1–2.8 mm long, membranous, yellow to mid-green, keeled, 3 -veined, . Fertile florets recurved at tip. Fertile lemma ovate, laterally compressed, ovate in profile, 2.1–2.8 mm long, membranous, yellow to mid-green, keeled, 3 -veined, 0–3 -veined. Lemma midvein scaberulous. Lemma lateral veins excurrent. Lemma apex entire, acute, awned, 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn 0.3–0.9 mm long 0–3 -veined. Lemma midvein scaberulous. Lemma lateral veins excurrent. Lemma apex entire, acute, awned, 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn 0.3–0.9 mm long overall. Palea ovate, bowed outwards, 0.8 length of lemma, 2 -veined. Palea keels scabrous. Palea apex dentate, 2 -fid, acute. Apical sterile florets resembling fertile overall. Palea ovate, bowed outwards, 0.8 length of lemma, 2 -veined. Palea keels scabrous. Palea apex dentate, 2 -fid, acute. Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped.though underdeveloped.

Flower and FruitFlower and Fruit. Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy. Anthers 3, 0.4 mm long. Stigmas 2, protandrous, laterally exserted. Caryopsis with free soft pericarp, ellipsoid, isodiametric, . Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy. Anthers 3, 0.4 mm long. Stigmas 2, protandrous, laterally exserted. Caryopsis with free soft pericarp, ellipsoid, isodiametric, biconvex, estipitate, sulcate on hilar side, 0.8–1 mm long, rugose, apex unappendaged. Embryo 0.4 length of caryopsis. Hilum punctiform. Endosperm farinose.biconvex, estipitate, sulcate on hilar side, 0.8–1 mm long, rugose, apex unappendaged. Embryo 0.4 length of caryopsis. Hilum punctiform. Endosperm farinose.

nn = 18 (1 ref TROPICOS). = 18 (1 ref TROPICOS).

Distribution Distribution (TDWG). Continent(TDWG). Continent. Africa, Temperate Asia, Tropical Asia, Australasia, Pacific, North America. . Africa, Temperate Asia, Tropical Asia, Australasia, Pacific, North America. Region Region. Northern Africa, Macaronesia, West tropical . Northern Africa, Macaronesia, West tropical Africa, West-central tropical Africa, Northeast tropical Africa, East tropical Africa, South tropical Africa, Southern Africa. Western Asia, Arabian Peninsula, China. Indian Africa, West-central tropical Africa, Northeast tropical Africa, East tropical Africa, South tropical Africa, Southern Africa. Western Asia, Arabian Peninsula, China. Indian Subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia. Australia. Southwestern USA. Subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia. Australia. Southwestern USA. Country/Province/State Country/Province/State. Egypt. Mali, Senegal. Ethiopia (inc. Eritrea), Somalia. Kenya, Tanzania. . Egypt. Mali, Senegal. Ethiopia (inc. Eritrea), Somalia. Kenya, Tanzania. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Namibia, Botswana, SA Limpopo, SA Gauteng, SA Mpumalanga, SA Kwazulu-Natal, SA Western Cape, SA Eastern Cape. Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Namibia, Botswana, SA Limpopo, SA Gauteng, SA Mpumalanga, SA Kwazulu-Natal, SA Western Cape, SA Eastern Cape. Afghanistan, Iran. Saudi Arabia. China South-Central, Hainan. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Lesser Sunda Is, Malaya. Western Australia, Afghanistan, Iran. Saudi Arabia. China South-Central, Hainan. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Lesser Sunda Is, Malaya. Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland. California. Northern Territory, Queensland. California. TDWG4TDWG4. . China South-CentralChina South-Central Yunnan. Yunnan. India a to kIndia a to k Andhra Pradesh, Delhi. Andhra Pradesh, Delhi. India l to zIndia l to z Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Uttah Pradesh, West Bengal. Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Uttah Pradesh, West Bengal. West HimalayaWest Himalaya Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir. Western AustraliaWestern Australia Kimberley, Eremean. Kimberley, Eremean. Northern Northern TerritoryTerritory Darwin & Gulf. Darwin & Gulf. QueenslandQueensland North, Central. North, Central.

Endemic status: common to 2 or more continents. Conservation status: out of danger. Native, or naturalised (to the West Indies). From Old World. Terrestrial.Endemic status: common to 2 or more continents. Conservation status: out of danger. Native, or naturalised (to the West Indies). From Old World. Terrestrial.

GenBank (AY574637 plus 2 others).GenBank (AY574637 plus 2 others).

ClassificationClassification. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Tribe: Eragrostideae. . Subfamily Chloridoideae. Tribe: Eragrostideae.

German descriptions

Intkey - SpanishIntkey - Spanish

Three alternative classifications of grasses at the generic level

Genera Graminum GrassWorld Kubitzki Poaceaeby Derek Clayton by Bryan Simon By Toby Kellogg1986 2011 publication 2012

Mind the Gap: comparing Grassbase (Kew View) and GrassWorld GPWG)

automatic comparison gives 15% divergence in species and generic names

11,924 species names:9,770 species names 100% match1,032 species names confirmed Grassbase/GPWG differences