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World History I Skills Standards
WH I 2a
Paleolithic Era to Agricultural Revolution
• Homo sapiens emerged in Africa between _____ & _____ years ago– 100,000 & 400,000
• Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to _____, _______, & the _________.– Eurasia, Australia & Americas
• Early humans were ______ & _______ whose survival depended on plants and animals.– Hunters & gatherers
WH I 2b
Hunter-Gatherer societies during the
Paleolithic Era • Nomadic• Invented the first _____
– tools• Learned how to make ________
– fire• Lived in _______
– Clans
• Developed ______ language– oral
• Created “______ _____”– Cave art
WH I 2c
Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) Societies
• Developed ___________– agriculture
• __________ animals– Domesticated
• Used _________ tools– advanced
• Made _________– pottery
• Developed ___________ skills– weaving
WH I 2d
• _________ study past cultures by analyzing human remains, _______, & ________.– Archeologists, fossils & artifacts
• Archeologists use scientific test such as carbon dating to analyze ________ & _______.– Fossils & artifacts
• _________ is an example of an archaeological site in England.– Stonehenge
WH I 3a
Ancient civilizations
River Valley Civilizations
• ______ civilization- _____ river valley (Africa)– Egyptian, Nile
• _______ civilization- ________ & _______ Valleys (Southwest Asia)– Mesopotamian, Tigris & Euphrates
• _______ civilization- ______ river valley (South Asia)– Indian, Indus
• ________ civilization- _____ ___ valley (East Asia)– Chinese, Huang He
Other early civilizations• ______ settled between the ______ sea &
the _____ river valley. (Fertile Crescent)
– Hebrews, Mediterranean & Jordan
• ________ settled along the Mediterranean coast (Fertile Crescent)– Phoenicians
• _______ was located on the upper ____ river (Africa)– Kush, Nile
WH I 3b
Social patterns of early civilizations
• _______ rulers– Hereditary
• Rigid _____ system, where slavery was accepted– class
Political patterns of early civilizations
• World’s first _______– States
• Centralized ________– government
• Written law codes _______ _______ & ____ ___ __________– Ten Commandmens, Code of Hammurabi
Economic patterns of early civilizations
• _______ tools & weapons (bronze, iron)– Metal
• Increasing ___________ surplus– agricultural
• Increased ________– trade
• __________ of labor– specialization
WH I 3c
Development of religious traditions
• ___________ was practiced by most early civilizations– Polytheism
• _________ was practiced by the Hebrews– Montheism
WH I 3d
Origins of Judaism
• A– Abraham
• M– Moses
• J– Jerusalem
WH I 3e
Language and writing
• ___________ (earliest written symbols)– Pictograms
• ____________ ( Egypt)– Hieroglyphics
• ___________ (Sumer)– Cuneiform
• _____________ (Phoenicians)– Alphabet
WH I 4a
Persia, India, & China
Persians as rulers
• _________ of conquered people– Tolerance
• Development of imperial bureaucracy
• __________ as a religion– Zoroastrianism
• _________ system– Road
WH I 4b
India
• Physical barriers such as the _________, the _______ ______, and the Indian Ocean made invasion more difficult.– Himalays, Hindu Kush
• _______ & _______ were important rivers– Indus & Ganges
Aryans
• _______ system influenced all social interactions– Rigid caste system
Gupta Empire (dynasty)
• _______ Age of classical Indian culture– Golden
• Contributions- __________, ________, & ___________– Mathematics, new textiles & literature
WH I 4c
Hinduism
• ______ system in religious law based on occupations• Caste• Belief in many forms of one major ______
– Diety
• ___________ - cycles of rebirth– Reincarnation
• ___________ future reincarnation based on present behavior– Karma
• _______ & _______ Sacred writings– Vedas & Upanishads
WH I 4d
Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama _____________– Founder (Buddha)
• _______ Noble Truths– Four
• __________ path to enlightenment– Eightfold
WH I 4e
__________ was built for China’s protection
Great Wall
Contributions of classical China
• ______ _____ system– Civil Service
• P– Paper
• P– Porcelain
• S– Silk
Confucianism’s contributions to China
• Belief that humans are ______, not _____– Good, bad
• Respect for elders• Code of ___________, still used in
Chinese society today– politeness
• Emphasis on ___________– education
• Ancestor worship
Taoism’s contributions to China
• H– Humility
• Simple life and inner peace
• __________ with nature– Harmony
WH I 5a
Greece
Location & place (Greece)• A________ sea
– Aegean• _________ peninsula
– Greek• M__________ sea
– Mediterranean• B_______ sea
– Black• A_____
– Athens• S_____
– Sparta• T_____
– Troy• Macedonia
WH I 5b
Greek Mythology
• Based on _____________ religion– Polytheistic
• Explanations of natural p_________, human qualities, & life events– Phenomena
Greek Gods & Goddesses• Z______
– Zeus
• H_____– Hera
• Ap_______– Apollo
• Ar_________– Artemis
• Athena• Aphrodite
WH I 5c
Social structure & citizenship in the Greek polis
• Free adult males were ________– Citizens
• _______ & ______ had no political rights– Women & Foreigners
• Slaves had no _________ rights– Political
Stages of Athenian democracy
• M_________– Monarchy
• A_________– Aristocracy
• T__________– Tyranny
• D__________– Democracy
Athens
• ________ & _______ were tyrants who worked for reform– Draco & Solon
• Origin of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, & duties of a citizen
Sparta
• ___________ rule by a small group– Oligarchy
• Rigid ________ structure– Social
• M_________ & aggressive society– Militaristic
WH I 5d
Persian Wars 499-449 B.C.
• United __________ & __________ against the Persian Empire– Athens & Sparta
• Athenian victories at M_________ & S_________– Marathon & Salamis
Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.
• Caused by competition for the Greek world
• Athens/_______ ______ v.– Delian League
• Sparta/________ _________– Peloponnesian League
WH I 5e/f
Golden Age of Pericles
• Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian War
• _________ extended democracy– Pericles
• _________ had Athens rebuilt– Pericles
• ___________ is an example of this rebuilding– Parthenon
Greek contribution handout
WH I 5g
Phillip II King of Macedon
• Conquered most of __________– Greece
Alexander the Great
• Established an empire from _______ to ______ and the margins of India– Greece, Egypt
Hellenistic Age
• Blend of ________ & ________ elements– Greek & Oriental
• Culture was spread through trade
WH I 6a
Rome
Location & place
• Rome
• _________ peninsula– Italian
• Alps- protection
• ____________ sea– Mediterranean
WH I 6b
Roman Mythology
• Based on Greek ___________ religion– polytheistic
• Explanation of natural phenomena, human qualities, & life events
Roman Gods & Goddesses
• J__________– Jupiter
• J__________– Juno
• A__________– Apollo
• D__________– Diana
• Minerva• V__________
– Venus
WH I 6c
Social structure in the Roman Republic
• _________ powerful nobility (few in #)– Patricians
• _________ majority of the population– Plebians
• Slaves- not based on race
Citizenship
• __________ & _______ men– Patrician & Plebian
• Selected foreigners
• Responsibilities- taxes and military service
Features of Democracy
• __________ democracy– Representative
• Assemblies• The S________
– Senate
• Consuls• Laws of Rome codified as _________
__________– Twelve Tables
WH I 6d
Punic Wars 264-146 B.C.
• R____ v. C_______– Rome v. Carthage
• Over competition for ________– Trade
• _________ invaded the Italian peninsula– Hannibal
• 3 Wars = _________ victory– Roman
WH I 6e/f
Causes for decline of Rome
• Spread of ________ in the agricultural system– slavery
• Migration of small farmers into ______ & unemployment– cities
• ______ War over the power of Julius Caesar– Civil
• Inflation• __________ of Roman currency
– Devaluation
WH I 6g
Pax Romana
• Two centuries of p________ & p___________– Peace & Prosperity
Economic impact of Pax Romana
• Uniform system of _________– Money
• Safe t_________ & t_________ on Roman roads– Travel & Trade
Social Impact of Pax Romana
• Stable social classes
• Increased emphasis on _________– family
Political impact of Pax Romana
• Created a C________ S________– Civil Service
• Developed a uniform rule of law
WH I 6h
Origins of Christianity
• Rooted in _________– Judaism
• Led by _________ of Nazareth– Jesus
• Conflicted with the polytheistic beliefs of the Roman empire
Beliefs of Christianity
• M_________– Monotheism
• Jesus is son of God
• Life after ________– Death
• New Testament
Spread of Christianity
• Carried by Apostles (_________)– Paul
• Slowed by persecution from Romans
• Legalized by Emperor ___________– Constantine
Impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman Empire
• Church became an example of ______ authority– moral
• Church loyalty became more important than loyalty to the ___________– Emperor
• Church became the unifying force in Western Europe
Roman Contributions handout
Causes for decline of the Western Roman Empire
• Economy
• Military
• Moral Decay
• Political Problems
• Invasions
Division of Roman Empire
• Emperor _________ moves the capital (Rome) to Byzantium renaming it __________________– Constantine, Constantinople
• Western Roman empire falls in 476 A.D.
• Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)