What’s New in Oracle Database 12c for PHP

Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1

What’s New in Oracle Database 12c for Scripting Languages

Christopher Jones, Oracle

Shoaib Lari, Oracle

September 2013


The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended

for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract.

It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should

not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release,

and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products

remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.


Program Agenda

Three-slide Introduction to PHP OCI8

Useful Oracle Database 12c Features

PHP DTrace for Dynamic Tracing

Oracle/MySQL PHP Applications

PHP Performance and Scalability




Traditional PHP Script Processing


One of Many Modern PHP Architectures

PHP

Update

Queue Cache

Apache

PHP

OCI8 Extension

Oracle Libraries

PHP Web Service

DB


What is PHP OCI8?

Recommended Oracle Database extension for PHP

Supports many Oracle features

Available in PHP C source and binary bundles

PHP OCI8 2.0 "Development" is on http://pecl.php.net

$c = oci_connect('scott', 'tiger', 'localhost/pdborcl');

$s = oci_parse($c, 'SELECT * FROM employees');

oci_execute($s);

while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s)) != false)‏

foreach ($row as $item)‏

print $item;

http://pecl.php.net/


Program Agenda









32K VARCHARs in Oracle Database 12c

SQL

CREATE TABLE vctab (vcdata VARCHAR2(32767));

PHP OCI8 does insert and fetch in one piece

$s = oci_parse($c, "INSERT INTO vctab (vcdata) VALUES (:bv)");

$bv = str_repeat('x', 32767);

oci_bind_by_name($s, ":bv", $bv);

oci_execute($s);


32K VARCHARs in Oracle Database 12c

CLOB vs VARCHAR2

$s = oci_parse($c,

'SELECT clobdata FROM ctab');

oci_execute($s);

$row = oci_fetch_assoc($s);

$result = $row['CLOBDATA']->load();

32K fetch times (very dependent on LOB storage, network speeds etc)

CLOB: 0.574 seconds

VARCHAR2: 0.279 seconds

$s = oci_parse($c,

'SELECT vcdata FROM vctab');

oci_execute($s);

$row = oci_fetch_assoc($s);

$result = $row['VCDATA'];


Oracle DB 12c SQL Row Limiting Clause

$sql = "SELECT employee_id, last_name FROM employees ORDER BY employee_id";

if ($oracleversion >= 12) {

$sql = $sql . ' OFFSET :offset ROWS FETCH NEXT :maxnumrows ROWS ONLY';

} else {

$sql = "SELECT * FROM (SELECT A.*, ROWNUM AS MY_RNUM FROM ($sql) A

WHERE ROWNUM <= :maxnumrows + :offset)

WHERE MY_RNUM > :offset";

}

$offset = 5;

$maxnumrows = 5;

$s = oci_parse($c, $sql);

oci_bind_by_name($s, ":offset", $offset, -1, SQLT_INT);

oci_bind_by_name($s, ":maxnumrows", $maxnumrows, -1, SQLT_INT);

oci_execute($s);

oci_fetch_all($s, $res);

105 Austin

106 Pataballa

107 Lorentz

108 Greenberg

109 Faviet

Or use row_number()


Oracle DB 12c IDENTITY Columns

ANSI auto increment syntax: CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT ON NULL AS IDENTITY,

c2 VARCHAR2(20));

In PHP: $s = oci_parse($c, "INSERT INTO t1 (c2) VALUES ('Alison')");

oci_execute($s);

$s = oci_parse($c, "INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (NULL, 'Chris')");

oci_execute($s);

Table now contains: 1 Chris

2 Alison


Oracle DB 12c OCI oraaccess.xml Deployment Settings

New $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml deployment settings file

Client (i.e. PHP) side file for configuring OCI-based driver settings

Global and per-connection string parameters

Don't need to modify application to improve performance

Restart application after editing


Row Prefetching Refresher Temporary buffer cache for query duration

// First Fetch

$r = oci_fetch_row(…);

var_dump($r);

// array('1000','Roma');

OCI8

Extension

Oracle

Libraries

1000, Roma

1100, Venice

1200, Tokyo

. . .

1000, Roma

// Second Fetch

$r = oci_fetch_row(…);

var_dump($r);

// array('1100','Venice');

OCI8

Extension

Oracle

Libraries

1000, Roma

1100, Venice

1200, Tokyo

. . .

1100, Venice

No DB access

for second fetch

X


oraaccess.xml Prefetch Tuning

PHP code needing tuning: $s = oci_parse($c, "SELECT ...");

oci_execute($s);

oci_set_prefetch($s, 1); // application sets prefetch

while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s)) != false)

var_dump($row);

$TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml snippet:

<prefetch>

<rows>1000</rows>

</prefetch


oraaccess.xml Prefetch Tuning

Pre-12c: Fetching 20000 rows with application prefetch 1

Time is: 5.822 seconds

With Oracle Database 12c $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml:

Fetching 20000 rows with application prefetch 1

Time is: 0.863 seconds

(Very dependent on network speeds etc)

See exhibition booth demo


Statement Caching Refresher

oci8.statement_cache_size = 20

1. “select col from tab”, <metadata>

2.

…

20.

1. “select col from tab”

2.

…

statement 1

select col from tab

select col from tab

select col from tab


oraaccess.xml Auto-tuning Statement Cache

Statement cache size monitored & updated in a cycle

– Cache size increases/decreases gradually

ram_threshold is max percentage of installed RAM

memory_target is absolute max size

Lesser of these two is used as the limit.

<auto_tune>

<enable>true</enable>

<ram_threshold>0.1</ram_threshold>

<memory_target>2M</memory_target>

</auto_tune>



for ($j = 0; $j < 10; ++$j) {

echo "Running workload\n";

for ($i = 0; $i < 30; ++$i)

do_query($c1, "SELECT $i FROM dual"); // 30 distinct queries

echo "Number of new parses for this session: ",

print_new_parse_count(), "\n";

}

PHP OCI8 default: oci8.statement_cache_size = 20

– So 30 sequential statements are never effectively cached



Pre-12c ...

Running workload

Number of new parses for this session: 30

Running workload


...

Tune by manually monitoring web server performance, AWR byte transfers, reset oci8.statement_cache_size



Auto-tuned with Oracle Database 12c $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml:

...

Running workload


Running workload


Running workload


...

See exhibition booth demo


Implicit Result Sets in PHP

$sql =

"DECLARE

c1 SYS_REFCURSOR;

BEGIN

OPEN c1 FOR SELECT city, postal_code FROM locations;

DBMS_SQL.RETURN_RESULT(c1);

OPEN c1 FOR SELECT * FROM employees;


END;";

Needs PHP OCI8 2.0-devel from PECL

From 10gR2

– With Oracle Database 12c client and 12c server now uses ONS


Implicit Result Sets in PHP

Use standard query code:


oci_execute($s);

while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s))

!= false) {

foreach ($row as $item)

echo $item . " ";

echo "\n";

}

Roma 00989

Venice 10934

...

Mexico City 11932

100 Steven King SKING

101 Neena Kochhar NKOCHHAR

...

BEGIN

OPEN c1 FOR SELECT city, postal_code

FROM locations;


OPEN c1 FOR SELECT * FROM employees;


END;


Implicit Result Sets in PHP Example #2

Use oci_get_implicit_resultset() function in PHP OCI8 2.0


oci_execute($s);

while (($s_2 = oci_get_implicit_resultset($s))) {

for ($i = 1; $i <= oci_num_fields($s_2); ++$i)

echo oci_field_name($s_2, $i) . " "; // Use column names for headings

echo "\n";

while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s_2)) != false) {

foreach ($row as $item)

echo $item . " ";

echo "\n";

}

}

CITY POSTAL_CODE

Roma 00989

Venice 10934

...

EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL

100 Steven King SKING

101 Neena Kochhar NKOCHHAR

...


Program Agenda







PHP DTrace for Dynamic Tracing on Oracle Linux


Dynamic Tracing Overview

Dynamic Tracing from Solaris ported to Oracle Linux's UEK3 kernel

"DTrace is a facility for the dynamic instrumentation of

production systems, for the purpose of troubleshooting and

analysis."

DTrace User Space Dynamic Tracing (USDT) now available

PHP source code is instrumented with “probes” if (DTRACE_OCI8_ERROR_ENABLED()) {

DTRACE_OCI8_ERROR((int)errstatus, (long)errcode);

}

PHP 5.4.20 & 5.5.4 –-enable-dtrace linking stabilized


DTrace User Space Dynamic Tracing (USDT)

Install Oracle Linux with UEK3 kernel and dtrace-utils

http://public-yum.oracle.com/beta/

For PHP, enable DTrace User Space Dynamic Tracing (USDT) # modprobe fasttrap

# chmod 666 /dev/dtrace/helper

Build PHP 5.4.20 or PHP 5.5.4 and install PHP OCI8 2.0 as a shared

library from PECL # ./configure --enable-dtrace ...

# make && make install

# PHP_DTRACE=yes pecl install oci8-devel






Show probes available in PHP OCI8:

# dtrace -l -m oci8.so

...

18 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_do_connect oci8-connect-entry

23 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_do_connect oci8-connect-return

24 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_do_connect_ex oci8-connect-type

25 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_error oci8-error

26 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_statement_execute oci8-execute-mode

...



Write tracing scripts in D, e.g. trace.d: #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -Zqs

php*:::oci8-connect-entry

{ printf("%lld: PHP connect-entry\n", walltimestamp);

printf("\t credentials %s@%s\n“,‏‏arg0 ? copyinstr(arg0) : "",

arg1 ? copyinstr(arg1) : "");

printf("\t charset %s\n", arg2 ? copyinstr(arg2) : "");

printf("\t session_mode %ld : \n", (long)arg3);

printf("persistent %d : ", (int)arg4);

printf("exclusive %d\n", (int)arg5);

}

...



Run trace.d # ./trace.d

Run a PHP script $ php oci8.php

Beijing

Bern

Bombay

Geneva



# ./trace.d

1379702722173349580: PHP connect-entry

credentials cj@localhost/pdborcl

charset

session_mode 0 : persistent 0 : exclusive 1

1379702722258590635: PHP oci8-connect-return

connection 0x7fccdc1c2828

1379702722259141543: PHP oci8-sqltext


sql select city from locations where rownum < 5 order by 1

1379702722259240438: PHP oci8-execute-mode


mode 0x20


Program Agenda









Oracle Database Driver for MySQL Applications

Deployment Process:

– Migrate Schema and Data

– Build Application with the

Driver

– Translate SQL

– Test and Tune to Leverage

Oracle Database Features

libmysqlclient

MySQL DB Oracle DB

liboramysql

OCI

Application using

MySQL’s C API

Application using

MySQL’s C API


Build Application with the Driver

One method of re-linking with the new 12c Driver:

– Build PHP mysql extension(s) with MySQL Connector/C

# ./configure --with-mysql=/usr ...

# make && make install

– Create a symlink to the Oracle driver library:

# ln –s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/liboramysql12.so $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libmysql.so

# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib


Build Application with the Driver

Another method of re-linking with the new 12c Driver:

– Use a Connector/C emulator:

# cd $HOME

# $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/sdk/demo/setuporamysql.sql

# ./configure --with-mysql=$HOME/oramysql ...

# make && make installs

(Other methods exist too)

Restart PHP # service httpd start


Translate SQL

Change connect string: mysql_connect("localhost/pdborcl", "scott", "tiger");

Change SQL manually or use an Oracle Database 12c SQL

Translation Profile:

– MySQL syntax:

$sql = "SELECT * FROM mytab LIMIT 5,10";

– Oracle ANSI syntax:

$sql = "SELECT * FROM mytab OFFSET 5 ROWS FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY";

Run the Application


Program Agenda









Scaling up with DRCP Connection Pooling

5000 users, DRCP pool size of 100

Dedicated Server Processes

5000 x 4 MB +

5000 x 400 KB +

0 =

21 GB

DB Processes

Session Memory

DRCP Broker

Total

100 x 4 MB +

100 x 400 KB +

5000 x 35 KB =

610 MB PHP DB PHP DB

DRCP Server Processes


DRCP Connection Pooling

Use DRCP for short lived connections by same DB user

Using DRCP in PHP 5.3+ with Oracle 11g+:

– Start the Pool:

SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_CONNECTION_POOL.START_POOL();

– Set oci8.connection_class in php.ini

oci8.connection_class = MY_PHP_APP

– Add "POOLED" to the connect string:

$c = oci_pconnect('scott', 'tiger', 'myhost/sales:pooled');


DRCP Connection Pooling Benchmark

2GB RAM

1 connection broker

100 pooled servers


Client Identifiers for Auditing and Monitoring

Set client identifier in PHP after connection

session_start();

$c = oci_pconnect('phpuser', 'welcome', 'localhost/orcl');

if (authenticate_web_user()) {

oci_set_client_identifier($c, $_SESSION['app_user_name']); // e.g. 'Chris'

. . .

} else {

trigger_error(. . .);

}


Client Identifiers for Auditing

APP_USERNAME USERNAME EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP ACTION_NAME

------------- ----------- ----------------------------------- -----------

Chris PHPUSER 16-AUG-13 12.25.42.846153 PM -07:00 SELECT

Alison PHPUSER 16-AUG-13 12.25.50.870773 PM -07:00 SELECT

Details in an OTN article


Client Identifiers for Monitoring

Client Identifier is visible in views and in Enterprise Manager


Oracle Client and Server Result Caches

CREATE TABLE SALES (...) RESULT_CACHE;

Results of queries from small tables can be cached

Caches automatically invalidated by server data changes

– If no roundtrip within defined time, cache is assumed stale

Configure globally in DB or at client in sqlnet.ora

– CLIENT_RESULT_CACHE_SIZE or OCI_RESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE


Other Oracle DB Features for High Performance Applications

Bind Variables

Transactions – don’t auto commit unnecessarily

Advanced Queuing

– Move slower processing out of HTTP request/response cycle

Fast Application Notification

– Handle DB errors without timeouts

– Improves reconnection behavior

– Needs Oracle DB 12c client libraries for Oracle DB 12c


Other Oracle DB Features for High Performance Applications

Edition Based Redefinition

– Online PL/SQL Upgrades

– Useful for A/B testing

Continuous Query Notification

– Can use for cache invalidation

DBMS_XA

– Stop/restart transaction in different HTTP requests


Resources


Resources

http://blogs.oracle.com/opal: Blog, e.g. Implicit Result Sets, DTrace

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/php: OTN PHP Dev Center

http://tinyurl.com/phporacle: The Underground PHP & Oracle Manual

http://tinyurl.com/drcpphp: DRCP Connection Pooling Whitepaper

http://tinyurl.com/phpaudit: PHP Web Auditing, Authorization and

Monitoring with Oracle Database

Demo Pod SL-033 (back left of Moscone South)

“Application Performance, Scalability, and Availability with Oracle

Database 12c” (CON8855) 5:15pm Marriott Marquis - Golden Gate B

Email: [email protected] Twitter: @ghrd

http://blogs.oracle.com/opal

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/php

http://tinyurl.com/phporacle

http://tinyurl.com/drcpphp

http://tinyurl.com/phpaudit

mailto:[email protected]




The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended

for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract.

It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should

not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release,

and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products

remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

Technology

What’s New in Oracle Database 12c for PHP