WaterWeek 4 Part 1/2

Why is “Water” and important consideration for Green Building?

Water Resources

*Water Scarcity Level around the World (WWAP, 2009)

Water Restrictions - Australia

Water Usage

Hanoi Bangkok Beijing Kuala Lumpur

Singapore Average0

100

200

300

400

500

600

53.1

340.2

218.1

497.2

308.5277.6

Water consumption per person (L/person/day)

*Siemens AG, 2011

Water Usage in Hanoi & VN

- Industrial use not included, may explain low use in HN

- Water leakage problem: estimated 45% water loss in HN

- Vietnam only utilises about 5% of water resources

- 13% of waste water disposed in fresh water resources

- Some over exploited causing lower water table, subsidence and salinity intrusion

Water Usage in Buildings

- Worldwide buildings account for 20% of water usage

- Through efficient use, savings of 40% can be achieved easily

Strategies to save water?

Landscaping

- Use native or regionally adapted plants

- Minimise grass (high irrigation requirements)

- Use reused or harvested water

- Don’t water between 10:00-17:00

- Use drip irrigation system

Fixtures

- Low flow taps/showers

- Aerators- Dual flush toilets- Sensor tap- Automatic shut-off- Waterless Urinals

Baseline flow rates

Fixtures

Composting Toilet

- Aerobic decomposition converts human waste into nutrient rich fertiliser.

- Creates “humus” every 2 months

- Fan to increase oxygenation and decomposition rate, also stops odours escaping

Water Monitoring/ Leakage Detection

Water Recycling/Reuse

Difference between blackwater and greywater?

Water Recycling/ Reuse

- 60-80% of domestic wastewater is grey

- Greywater contains 90% less nitrogen than black water and no pathogens

- Level of treatment depends on proposed uses

- Ideal for use in irrigation- Requires duplication of

plumbing

Water Recycling/ Reuse

Water Harvesting

- First flush system- Can be stored in

simple tanks or underground

- Underground storage for cooler temperature and to eliminate algal growth

- Effective during Wet season (April – October)

Group Case Study assignment

Discussion

MaterialsWeek 4 Part 2/2

Material consumption

- 45,000 – 85,000kg/ person/ year

- Building Construction and Infrastructure

Cement consumption

- air pollution (dust, carbon

emissions, heavy metals)

- noise and vibration

- ecological and landscape degradation

United States

2%

Brazil2%

China54%

Egypt1%

Germany1%

India7%

Indonesia1%

Iran2%

Italy1%

Japan2%

Korea, Republic of1%

Mexico1%

Pakistan1%

Russia1%

Saudi Arabia

1%

Spain2%

Thailand1%

Turkey2%

Vietnam2%

Other countries (rounded)

16%

Steel consumption

050

100150200250300350400450500

2010 2015 2020

Cement(Million tons)

Tile (Million sqm)

Glass (Millionsq m)

RoofingMaterial(Million sq m)

VN consumption projections

% contribution of materials (HK 2005)

Figure 3.3 (a) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Grade A Office Buildings

Concrete (77%)

Rebar (7%)

Plaster, render & screed (5%)

Bricks and Blocks (2%)

Structural Steel (2%)

Others (7%)

% contribution of materials (HK 2005)

Figure 3.3 (a) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Grade A Office Buildings

Concrete (77%)

Rebar (7%)

Plaster, render & screed (5%)

Bricks and Blocks (2%)

Structural Steel (2%)

Others (7%)

Figure 3.3 (c) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Grade C Office Buildings

Concrete (80%)

Rebar (9%)

Plaster, render & screed (5%)

Bricks and Blocks (2%)

Tiles (1%)

Others (3%)

% contribution of materials (HK 2005)

Figure 3.3 (a) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Grade A Office Buildings

Concrete (77%)

Rebar (7%)

Plaster, render & screed (5%)

Bricks and Blocks (2%)

Structural Steel (2%)

Others (7%)

Figure 3.3 (d) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Hotels

Concrete (74%)

Rebar (7%)

Plaster, render & screed (6%)

Bricks and Blocks (6%)

Structural Steel (3%)

Others (4%)

% contribution of materials (HK 2005)

Figure 3.3 (a) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Grade A Office Buildings

Concrete (77%)

Rebar (7%)

Plaster, render & screed (5%)

Bricks and Blocks (2%)

Structural Steel (2%)

Others (7%)

Figure 3.3 (e) Percentage weight Contribution of Individual Building Material for Retail Centres

Concrete (81%)

Rebar (8%)

Plaster, render & screed (4%)

Bricks and Blocks (2%)

Structural Steel (2%)

Others (3%)

Non-Baked Building materials

- 32 million bricks in 2015, 45million in 2020

- Decision No. 121/2008/QD-TTg

- From 2011: Buildings over 9 stories must >30% non-baked building materials for infill walls

- Bricks can be made from industrial waste

Life Cycle

Life Cycle

* Athena analysis comparing 3 alternative structural systems for a 4600m2, 3-storey office building

Life CycleTotal Embodied Carbon: 620kgCO2/sqm

42%

24%

3%

8%

8%

7%8%

Substructure Superstructure ConstructionServices Floor/ceiling finishes CladdingOther materilas

* ARUP data

Embodied Energy

Embodied Energy

Timber Structure

SOM Timber structure research

- Concrete Jointed Timber Frame

- Tested in 395-foot Dewitt-Chestnut Apartments, Chicago

- Reduce Carbon footrint by 75%

Forte Tower, Melbourne

- 10 storeys- Completed in 2013- Completely fire rated- Uses 760 panels of FSC

cross laminated panels (Mass timber panels)

FSC Timber

- Forestry Stewardship Council

- Timber from well managed, sustainable sources

Hazardous Materials

- VOCs (formaldehyde)- Paints- Floorings- Sealants- Finishes- Asbestos