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The MAX IV LaboratoryAndreas Lassesson, 8 May 2013
The MAX IV Laboratory
● A national laboratory at Lund University
● Financed by the Swedish Research Council
● Annual budget of €11M● Consists of present MAX‐lab and the MAX IV project
● Nearly 1000 users each year ● Materials Science
What is a synchrotron facility?● An accelerator of electrons
● Produce electromagnetic radiation from infrared to hard X‐rays
● Used for materials science
Basics of synchrotron facilities
What properties can be studied?
Structure
Chemistry
Protein structureNanomaterialsPolymersCompositesImaging (at MAX IV)...
Trace elementsOxidation statesReactions...
What materials can be studied?
● Biomaterials: bone, implants, prosthesis etc.
● Biomolecules: proteins etc.
● Semiconductors
● Liquids: oil, emulsions etc.
● Polymers: plastics etc.
● Chemicals: catalysts etc.
● Fossils
MAX‐lab
● Three synchrotron rings: MAX I –III
● Producing radiation from infrared to hard X‐rays
● 15 Beamlines for various experiments
2016: The MAX IV facility● Largest research infrastructure project in Sweden
● Will form a world leading centre for Materials Science in Lund together with ESS
● Will attract researchers and companies from the entire world
Linac (300m) ‐ 2014
1.5 GeV ring (96m) ‐ 2016
3 GeV ring (528m) ‐ 2015
The layout of MAX IV
What is so special about MAX IV?● Constructed using novel accelerator technology developed in Lund
● Will be the brightest source of soft X‐rays in the World
● Enables:– Very fast measurements– Dilute samples– Very small samples– Imaging– Etc.
MAX IV and ESS
● Will form a Materials Science hub in Southern Sweden
● The Science Village will be built around the facilities
● Thousands of researchers visiting annually
● Cross‐road between academic research and industrial R&D
The Science Village
● fgdgh
The MAX IV budget● Total cost for buildings: €250M
● Costs for accelerators €150M provided by four organisations:– Swedish Research Council– VINNOVA ‐ Sweden’s Innovation Agency– Lund University– Region Skåne
● The first seven beamlines (€60M):– Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation– Swedish Universities
● 8th beamline “FinEst” funded by Estonia and Finland (€3M)
● Additional beamlines under negotiation within Sweden and internationally
What properties can be studied?● Largest research infrastructure in Sweden
● Will attract researchers world‐wide to Lund
● Constructing the MAX IV
The first 7 beamlines at MAX IV
● FemtoMAX: ultrafast chemical reactions
● NanoMAX: 10 nanometer resolution, nanomaterials
● Balder: chemical processes, trace elements
● BioMAX: structures of biomolecules
● VERITAS: sub‐nanometer and femtosecond dynamics
● ARPES: nanosystems, new materials, semiconductors etc.
● HIPPIE: surface science, catalysis, corrosion, semiconductor research, et.
The first 7 beamlines at MAX IV
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Macromolecular Crystallography (MX)
X‐ray
diffraction
diffractionpattern
protein crystal
protein structure
More than 70 000 protein structures resolved with MX
New clues for treatments of heart disease
● Muscle cells are controlled through rising and falling levels of Calcium ions within the cell
● Calcium controlled by a membrane protein (SERCA)
● Reduced functionality of the SERCA pump associated with heart disease
● Researchers investigated SERCA at MAX‐lab
● Published in Nature in March 2013
Novo Nordisk
Underwood et al., The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 285, pp. 723–730
Blue ribbon: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)
GLP-1 stimulates insulin production in the human body• Reduces and controls blood sugar• Reduces body weight
Structure of GLP-1 together with receptor GLP-1R solved using the MX beamline at MAX-lab
The GLP-1 analog Liraglutide is marketed as the type-2 diabetes drug Victoza by Novo Nordisk.
XAS (X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy)
X‐rays
Sample: • Liquid• Solid• Biomaterial• Polymer• Wood• ...
Sensitive to the chemical surroundings of transition metals:• Oxidation states• Coordination number• Bond lengths• ...
Imaging at MAX IV
Method: Imaging in 2D & 3D
Scientific scope:• Physiological and morphological characterization of tissue samples and entire organs• micro‐localization of toxic elements and tumor‐targeting molecules in tissue• in‐vivo imaging of small animals
Sectors:Life science, biological science incl. food, wood and plant science
Commercial users
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Industry usage per sector (2012)
More than 1000 hours of commercial beamtime, but less than 2% of the total beamtime ...
13/05/201324
An Industry Liaison Office for MAX IV
Industrial Liaison Office
Company
Beamline scientists
• Discussing initial problem• Negotiating legal agreement• Introductions to scientific staff• Quotes for beamtime• Science Link
Technicians etc.
Also working towards general public and industry, e.g. visiting industry fairs etc.
• In‐depth scientific discussions• Planning beamtime• Sample preparation• Tutoring company users• Performing experiments• Data analysis
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Industrial Liaison Office
Company
Beamline scientists
Technicians etc.
Mediating company
Industry Liaison Office & Mediator
The construction work● Started in Spring of 2011
● Will be finished in 2016
April 2011
Photo: Perry Nordeng
November 2011
Photo: Perry Nordeng
April 2012
Photo: Perry Nordeng
July 2012
Photo: Perry Nordeng
August 2012
Photo: Perry Nordeng
December 2012
Photo: Perry Nordeng
Linac tunnel completed● Installation of the accelerator has started April 2013
April 2013
Photo: Perry Nordeng
April 2013
Photo: Perry Nordeng
2016: Inauguration!● At noon local time on the 21 June 2016
● The brightest time of the day on the brightest day of the year for the brightest light source in the world!
