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Web2.0 features in integrated search systems
Digital Libraries à la Carte
International Ticer School 2009Tilburg University
31 July, 2009
Benoit PAUWELSUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Brussels
• What is Web2.0?
• Web2.0 in VuFind– Amazon reviews– DI-fusion: mashup with ULB Libraries blog– Social bookmarking with “ShareThis”
• Contextual Web2.0 services
Agenda
• Web1.0– Static web pages
• Web1.5– Dynamic web pages, data coming from databases
• Web2.0– Short answer: reference to a group of technologies:
blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, podcasts, …– Long answer: economics, technology and new ideas
about the connected society– Ergonomic, rich, mashed-up user interfaces– Interaction between end users / a more socially
connected web– Collaboration, contribution, community
• Web2.0 is NOT– a bunch of new web technologies– a new version of the Web
What is Web2.0?
• “If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along. And, in fact, you know, this ‘Web2.0’, it means using the standards which have been produced by all these people working on Web1.0.”
- Tim Berners Lee
• Web2.0 is about creating new web-based services and applications using (practically) identical technologies as those that were put in place at the birth of the Web
What is Web2.0?
What is Web2.0?
Web 1.0 → Web 2.0
OFoto → Flickr
Britannica Online → Wikipedia
Personal Home Page → Blog
Publishing → Participation
Content Management → Wiki
Directories (Taxonomies)
→ Tagging (Folksonomies)
External Links → Syndication
O’Reilly – What is Web 2.0
• 2.0: a buzzword ?
– Media 2.0– Law 2.0– Advertising 2.0– Democracy 2.0– Identity 2.0– Library 2.0
• use of “2.0” technologies (blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, etc…)• Go to where the users are, rather than force then to come to us• Give users opportunities to contribute
– OPAC 2.0– Villes 2.0– Learning 2.0– Search&Find 2.0– …
What is Web2.0?
• Recommended reading
Anderson, Paul. 2007. What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education. JISC Technology and Standards Watch. Feb. 2007. Available online at: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf
What is Web2.0?
• RSS –really simple syndication
• Wikis• New Programming Tools:
AJAX, API• Blogs and blogging• Recommender
Functionality• Personalized Alert• Web Services• Folksonomies, Tagging and
Tag Clouds• Social Networking• Open access, Open
Source, Open Content• Screencasting
What is Web2.0?
• Commentary and comments
• Personalization and My Profiles
• Podcasting and MP3 files• Streaming Media –audio
and video• User-driven Reviews • Rankings & User-driven
Ratings• Instant Messaging and
Virtual Reference• Photos (e.g. Flickr, Picasa)• Socially Driven Content• Social Bookmarking
• Faceted search experience• Holding information and availability• Tagging / Comments
– Local knowledge base; restricted to community known to administrator of VuFind instance
• Social bookmarking– Using “ShareThis”
• Data mash-ups– Book item reviews– Book cover pages
• RSS syndication– For every search query
Web2.0 in VuFind
Faceted search experience
ILS specific ‘drivers’ for holding information and availability status
Voyager, Aleph, III, SirsiDynix , Koha, Evergreen
Social features: tagging, comments
Social bookmarks
Data mashups: - book covers: Amazon, Syndetic, Google
Books - book item reviews: Amazon, Syndetic
RSS feed per search query
• API requesthttp://webservices.amazon.com/onca/xml/?Service=AWSECommerceService&SubscriptionId=yyyy&Operation=ItemLookup&ResponseGroup=Reviews
&ItemId=0415235243
• XML response contains review(s) for book with ISBN « 0415235243 »
• VuFind PHP code analyzes this XML, extracts the review(s) and presents it in suitable XHTML
Web2.0 in VuFind – Amazon review
…. <Item> <ASIN>0415235243</ASIN> <CustomerReviews> <AverageRating>4.0</AverageRating> <TotalReviews>4</TotalReviews> <TotalReviewPages>1</TotalReviewPages> <Review> <ASIN>0415235243</ASIN> <Rating>5</Rating> <HelpfulVotes>3</HelpfulVotes> <CustomerId>A1SGKLIBZ4L8FX</CustomerId> <TotalVotes>5</TotalVotes> <Date>2006-06-21</Date> <Summary> An Impressive Volume With Critical Essays on Naturalism From a Diverse Field of Scholars </Summary> <Content> This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski. <br /> <br />Koons begins by noting that there is a simple correlation between existence and the requirement of some non-natural first cause. He observes an irony that science thinks it requires naturalism, when our very ability to practice science, due to the orderly, reliable, and predictable behavior of the universe implies a non-natural intelligent cause. Scientific dependence upon naturalism is self-refuting. <br /> <br />Moreland's quotes Plato to reveal that there really is nothing new under the sun: scholars have been debating naturalism for millennia, and naturalists have been ever pugnacious in their insistence that mutual co-existence is not an option. Moreland recounts that the great philosopher wrote in Sophist: <br /> <br />"They [naturalists] define reality as the same thing as body, and as soon as one of the opposite party asserts that anything without a body is real, they are utterly contemptuous and will not listen to another word. ... On this issue an interminable battle is always going on between the two camps." <br /> <br />Yet the battle may eventually be over if the cosmological data presented by William Lane Craig has anything to do with it. Craig recounts the history of cosmology from when where scholars celebrated an eternal universe with no beginning or end, to one where the universe either has a "supernatural cause" or "one must say that the universe simply sprang into being out of nothing" (Big Bang cosmology mandates an expanding universe that is finite in both space and time.). Craig recounts the words of one team of scientists: "The problem of the origin [of the universe] involves a certain metaphysical aspect which may be either appealing or revolting." <br /> <br />William Dembski closes the volume by arguing that naturalism is no more supported by the scientific data in biology than it is supported in cosmology. Irreducible complexity in nature disallows the possibility that life arose via naturalistic mechanisms. It also signifies an intelligent cause that scientists cannot deny any longer. </Content> </Review>
….. </CustomerReviews> </item> </Items></ItemLookupResponse>
• DI-fusion @ ULB homepage contains 5 most recent blog entries of Blogus operandi
• Blogus operandi: – http://blogusoperandi.blogspot.com/– blog entries available as RSS feed
• Create mxml file (FlexBuilder – Adobe)– AJAX request for RSS blog entries– Control number of entries to show, layout, etc…
Compile with mxmlc into a flash document
• Insert HTML <object> element in homepage, loading the flash document
Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
<mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" …>
<mx:HTTPService id="feedRequest" url="http://feeds.feedburner.com/BlogusOperandi?format=xml" …/>
<mx:Panel id="centerPannel" width="260" … title="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.title}">
<mx:DataGrid dataProvider="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.item}" …> <mx:columns> <mx:DataGridColumn headerText="Derniers billets sur le blog" dataField="title"/> </mx:columns>
</mx:DataGrid
</mx:Panel >
</mx:Application>
Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
• Insert following JavaScript at an appropriate location
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://w.sharethis.com/widget/?tabs=web%2Cemail&charset=utf-8&services=reddit%2Cfacebook%2Cdigg%2Cdelicious%2Cstumbleupon%2Ctechnorati%2Cgoogle_bmarks%2Cyahoo_myweb%2Cmagnolia%2Cfurl&style=default&publisher=cab05d36-ae42-46db-8dbd-199aea87c990&linkfg=%230066cc">
</script>
Web2.0 in VuFind – ShareThis
• Synchronous/asynchronous Web2.0 services– AJAX: “Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”
• Each Web2.0 service comes with its own API– API Request– (XML) Response
• Process of data mashup– Portal sends HTTP request to Web2.0 service, including
some metadata of the object– Some (simple) XML is sent back from the Web2.0
service to the portal– The portal analyzes the XML and presents the
information in an “ergonomic” way
Integrate Web2.0 in portal
Integrate Web2.0 in portal
VuFind
Catalog
AmazonReviews
Local comment KB
CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)
AmazonReviews(ISBN)
LocalComments(LocalID)
BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)
XML - Catalog
XML – Amazon reviews
PHP construct
• Portal is in full control of which Web2.0 services are delivered to end user. This does not necessarily correspond to what the end user wants:– Against the idea of Web2.0 (« power to the people »)
• Some examples:– Holdings & availability: view holdings of my library– Tagging: create and view tags from a specific
disciplinary KB– Social bookmarking: on specific platforms
• Institution policy favors Facebook• Group of experts use specific platform for peer-to-peer
communication• Desire to “social bookmark” on same platform, irrespective of
which portal used– Comments, reviews: language dependent– Portal specific
• Eg BICTel: show biography of director of ethesis
Contextual Web2.0 services
Contextual Web2.0 services
• www.listio.com/web20• www.econsultant.com/web2
• Metadata of object + context within which this object is used determines which Web2.0 services should be presented to end user
• Context determined through:– Institutional settings– Personal settings
• Set in the portal• Derived from some KB
• Existing standard and technology– Express metadata + context: OpenURL ContextObject
(Z39.88 -- http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-88-2004/)– OpenURL Resolver
Contextual Web2.0 services
• OpenURL ContextObject: 6 Entities– The object:
• Referent– The context:
• ServiceType• Requester• Referrer• ReferringEntity• Resolver
• Each of the entites can be described through– identitifer(s)– metadata, according to registered XML schema– private data
Contextual Web2.0 services
Contextual Web2.0 services
VuFind
Catalog
AmazonReviews
Local comment KB
CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)
AmazonReviews(ISBN)
LocalComments(LocalID)
BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)
XML - Catalog
XML – Amazon reviews
PHP construct
Contextual Web2.0 services
VuFind
My Catalog
AmazonReviews
Nuclear Physics
comment KB
CO {H&A;ISBN}
XML?
CO {Revs;ISBN}
XML?
CO {Comms;ISBN}
XML?
CO {Bkmark;t,pl}
XML?
OpenURL resolver
KB
API1
XML1
API2
XML2
API3
XML3
Contextual Web2.0 services
Portal
My Catalog
AmazonReviews
Nuclear Physics
comment KB
OpenURL resolver
CO{H&A,Revs,Comms,BkMark;
t,pl,isbn}
KB
API1
XML1
API2
XML2
API3
XML3
XML?
• APIx, XMLx– Knowledge of API’s and returned XML must be available
in the OpenURL resolver
• OpenURL resolver analyzes, transforms and merges « XMLx » responses into one « XML? »
• XML?– Proposal: express Web2.0 services for an object as a
ContextObject– Aim: registered OFI Community Profile– Name: OXO - Open Contextual Services for Objects
• 0.2 draft specifications• collaborative effort: TU-NL, TUD-NL, UGent-BE, ULB-BE, VUB-BE• http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~bpauwels/OXO/oxo.docx
Contextual Web2.0 services
• Metadata format for a referent - expressing services
• Possibilities:– Service
• type– info:ofi/svc:holdings– info:ofi/svc:review– info:ofi/svc:comment– ...
• description (short, long)– Instance of a service
• description (short, long, full)
• full description: – text | external
• transaction: – description (short, long)– action: text | url
OXO<svc> <type authority="info:ofi/svc">holding <shortDescription>Paper holdings <longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<fullDescription> <text>SILO-NB – P.052403 | ONSITE ONLY | 1(1897)-7(1903) ; 9(1905)-
<external> <format>info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:iso20775
<iso:holdings>…</iso:holdings>
<transaction> <action type="text">
Fill out form at circulation desk
OXO: Amazon review<svc> <type authority="info:ofi/svc">review <shortDescription>Reviews <longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<shortDescription>Supplied by Amazon
<fullDescription> <text>
This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski…
<transaction> <action type="url“>http://amazon.com/dp/0415235243
OXO: social bookmarking<svc> <type authority="info:ofi/svc">bookmark <shortDescription>Social bookmarking <longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<fullDescription> <text>Share this on Facebook
<transaction> <action type="url">
http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbibliography.library.villanova.edu%2FRecord%2F4591&t=Aiding%20and%20opposing%20mixed-convection%20heat%20transfer%20in%20a%20vertical%20tube