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Hitesh GuptaMasters in Computer

ApplicationsRoll No. 21

VIRTUALIZATION USING VMWARE

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In the presentation…

Emulation(Prerequisite to Virtualization)

Virtualization: An Introduction

Traditional vs. Virtual Architecture

Virtualization Benefits in Universities

Operating System Virtualization

Virtualization Requirements and Recommendations

VMWare: A brief introduction

VMWare Workstation

Microsoft Virtual PC

Installing Workstation 10

Install VMware tools

Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Intersection

Case Study: Database as a Service(DBaaS) at Oxford University

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Emulation(Prerequisite to Virtualization)

Emulation refers to the ability of a computer program copy (imitate) another program’s behavior.

Emulator is hardware or software that duplicates (or emulates) the functions of one computer system (the guest) in another computer system (the host)

Source computer is called the guest.

Destination computer is called the Host

Examples:

• DOSBox: Allows to execute Turbo C/C++ on 64-bit machines

• BlueStacks: Allows to execute android apps on Windows/Mac machines

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Virtualization: An Introduction

Virtualization refers to a concept in which access to a single server, is coordinated so that multiple guest(client) operating systems can share that server

No guest(client) operating system being aware that it is actually sharing anything at all

Creating a virtual environment for any program to run on an existing platform as a guest

The virtual environment running might be an Operating System, Storage device, Network or an Application server among other things. 

Not a new technology. Mainframe computers have offered the ability to host multiple operating systems for over 30 years

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Traditional vs. Virtual Architecture

Traditional Architecture: • Operating system is installed on the single CPU and above that applications are installed.

• We can’t run multiple OS at same time due to limitation of x86 chips.

• We have to STOP one OS to start other.

Virtual Architecture:• Allows us to install multiple OS on single machine.

• We can run Windows and Linux OS at same time

• A virtualization layer is added called hypervisor. It is the supervisor of the supervisor

• Multiple OS are installed on this layer and can communicate among each others.

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Virtualization Benefits in Universities

•Teach multiple operating systems with a single host computer• Students can ‘own’ their VM while having minimal access to the host computer• Multiple VMs can run simultaneously on one host

•Easy maintenance and testing• If VM gets a virus, Copy another one.• Snapshots allow saving current states of the VM and we can restore VM to any previous state.

•Run multiple versions of software• Teach Office 2007 while previewing Office 2013 by using two different VMs.• For programming and database; write an application in one version and easily test on another version

•Isolate your OS from the campus network and host computer• For programming and networking, run services and write software which might normally interfere with

the host computer or the campus network

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Operating System Virtualization

OS Virtualization (Virtual Machines)• Separate OS from Physical Hardware • Host OS Guest OS• Virtualization layer is added to the system.

Host OS(Windows 7)

Guest OS(Linux)

Virtual Layer(VMWare Workstation)

Guest OS(Mac) Guest OS(Others)

Hardware(CPU)

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Operating System Virtualization(contd.)

How does Guest OS get to Hardware?

Windows 7

Linux

VMWare Workstation

Hardware

Processor – Memory – NIC – Disk

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Virtualization Requirements and Recommendations

•Supported host operating system (Windows XP Pro, Vista, Server 2003/2008, Linux)

•Sufficient RAM on your host computer to accommodate the host OS and the guest OSs you wish to run

•Sufficient CPU power

•Sufficient hard drive space to accommodate the stored VMs

•Minimum 1 GB RAM, 2+ GB recommended for Vista and Server 2008 virtual machines

•Minimum 3.0 GHz P4, recommended 2.4+ GHz dual-core CPU

•Separate hard drive (80 GB+) for the VMs

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Virtualization Terminology

•Host machine or host computer• The computer on which the virtual machine software is installed (Virtual PC or VMWare, e.g.)

•Virtual machine (VM) or Guest OS• Similar to physical machines. Have CPU, RAM, Hard disk, NIC etc.• The operating system that runs in virtual machine software on the host computer• Comprised primarily of a configuration file and one or more virtual hard drive files

•Virtual disk• One or more files that reside on the host computer that make up the VM’s hard disk

•Virtual network• The network configuration used by the VM• Options include: bridged, host only, NAT and none• VMs behave like just another computer on the network

•Snapshot• A partial copy of a VM at a particular moment in time. Allows you to ‘go back’ to the VM at that particular

state. Some programs allow saving multiple snapshots.

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VMWare: A brief introduction

•VMWare was the first serious virtualization software•Around since mid-90s•The leader in server and desktop virtualization

•Free products• VMWare Player – runs existing virtual machines but cannot create a new VM• VMWare Server – can create and run VMs; better suited for low-end server applications

•VMWare Workstation• Flagship desktop product• One PC, multiple OS• Create and run VMs• Import VMs • Has all of the additional support including unlimited snapshots, screen capture to create movies • Costs: $59.99 retail

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VMWare Workstation

Pro

s • Better Linux support

• USB device support

• Multi-CPU support

• VM Teams• Snapshots• Better guest OS

documentation

Con

s • $60 license without membership

• More features mean more complex user interface

• Difficult for beginners to grasp.

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Microsoft Virtual PC (Closest competitor of VMWare)

Pro

s • Free to download – no membership required

• Simple user interface

Con

s • Limited documentation

• No USB device support

• Fewer advanced features

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Installing Workstation 10

Download from http://www.vmware.com/in/products/workstation/

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Networking Modes

•Bridged networking• The VM acts like any other computer on the network• Each VM network adapter gets its own IP address and physical address• VMs can communicate with other VMs and other physical computers on the network including the

Internet• Most flexible configuration

•Network Address Translation (NAT)/Shared Networking• VM ‘shares’ IP address with host computer• Host computer acts like router/firewall• VM can access other computers on the network including the Internet• Other computers cannot access the VM directly• More secure configuration than bridged• Won’t work if the VM is to be a server

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Networking Modes(contd.)

•Local/Host only networking• VMs can communicate with only other VMs (Virtual PC) or other VMs and the host

PC (VMWare)• No communication with other physical computers or the Internet• Ideal for doing activities that might interfere with the classroom network

•No network connection• Most secure configuration• Best when no interaction with other computers, including the host, is desired

Recommended Approach: Use NAT

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Creating Virtual Machine(1 of 14)/ Assembling a virtual computer

Select File->New Virtual Machineor press Crtl+N

Select Custom and click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(2 of 14)

Select Workstation 8.0 in Hardware compatibility drop down menu

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(3 of 14)

Select guest OS installation source:• CD/DVD• ISO image• Install later

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(4 of 14)

Select the guest OS vendor and version(depends on your installation source)

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(5 of 14)

Type name for VMAnd select install location

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(6 of 14)

Select number of processors and cores for the guest OS

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(7 of 14)

Select the amount of RAM available to guest OS.

Best practice: Allocate minimum OS requirement

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(8 of 14)

Select your preferred network mode

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(9 of 14)

Select I/O controller for guest.

Recommended: Bus Logic (x86-based)LSI Logic (x64-based)

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(10 of 14)

Select your preferred disk type:

• Create New• Use Existing• Use Physical(NOT

recommended)

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(11 of 14)

Select disk type either IDE or SCSI.

NAS/SAN are not supported.

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(12 of 14)

Select virtual hard disk size.

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(13 of 14)

Type in name for virtual disk image file(*.vmdk)

Click Next >

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Creating Virtual Machine(14 of 14)

Review all settings. To add/modify H/W device, click Customize Hardware…

Click Finish to boot up your new VM

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Installing guest OS

Guest OS install screen

Install Guest OS…

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Logging into guest OS

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Install VMware tools

Benefits:• Provides additional functionality to guest• Support Graphic drivers• Guest/Host file transfer.• Better mouse and keyboard emulation.

Procedure:• Mount VMware tools ISO file into system• For Linux based guests, extract the files from vmware-tools<ver>.tar.gz file• In terminal, run command .vmware-install.pl• After successful completion, reboot the guest.

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Guest running Fedora 13

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Cloud Computing (A brief introduction)

• A model for enabling convenient access to a shared pool of computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal service provider interaction.

• The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.

• Cloud maximizes the efficiency of a resource by spreading it out over multiple consumers.

Example: Google Drive(http://drive.google.com/) is a SaaS technology.

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Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Intersection

Virtualization

• Simplifies the process of sharing computer resources

• Increases the efficiency of hardware

Cloud

• Allow sharing resources in order to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

• Adds management layer so that VMs can be created, scaled and torn down as required.

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Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Intersection (Contd.)

• “majority” of today’s cloud solutions are built on virtualization technology.• Virtualization specifies that resources will be shared, it does not specify how.• Virtualization is like a “basement” and cloud is like “building a house”

Cloud with Virtualization Cloud only

BASEMENT

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VMware Server

Windows or Linux OS

Advanced: VMware Server

• VMWare Server allows us to run multiple OS on a central server(machine) which has high CPU resources like RAM, hard-disk etc.

• All client computers can run their applications on a central server as long as server has enough RAM available.

• This allows clients to become “thin clients”

Used with permission. Copyright VMWare Inc. 2013

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Advanced: VMware vCenter Server

• vCenter server is a central point of organization’s IT infrastructure. It manages all the ESXi servers which in turn manages individual VM’s.

Functions:

• Resource management • Dynamic allocation of resources• Energy-efficient resource optimization• Automatic restarts

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Case Study: Database as a Service(DBaaS) at Oxford University

Requirements: • They needed ability to quickly run up VM for department/college.• They wanted to build a data center for the university.• They wanted to create a private cloud for the university so that researchers can keep

their data safely at internal cloud.• They also wanted to migrate private cloud at Oxford to public cloud environment.• They required a way for researchers to manage electronic data for keeping the data, as

old as 30 years, safe.• They needed to provide a self-service product to the researchers’ ability to create their

own database and store on university cloud and to tweak their DB’s

Product used: VMWare vCloud Director

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VMware vCloud Director(Overview)

VMware vCloud API

Users

Computer Science Physics

Public Clouds (For outside data)

ProgrammaticControl andIntegrations

User Portal

Secure Private Cloud (For Research data)

Security

VMwarevShield

Oxford’s Virtual Datacenter Oxford’s Backup Datacenter

VMware vCloud Director

VMwarevCenter Server

VMwarevCenter Server

VMwarevCenter Server

VMware vSphere VMware vSphere VMware vSphere

Catalogs

Used with permission. Copyright VMWare Inc. 2013

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Case Study: Database as a Service(DBaaS) at Oxford University

Observed Benefits: • Bringing at central place all the data.• Reduce the needs of personal DB’s by students which were not durable.• Major cost reduction regarding purchasing of new desktop machines and physical

server hardware.• Databases could now be up and running within few minutes which would otherwise,

require 7-8 weeks which aids in research projects. Future of virtualization at Oxford University: • The University is now planning to offer other small universities in U.K. which currently

cannot afford the cost of such services.• They will complete their DBaaS (Database As A Service) project in future.• The University wants to link up with U.K. National Public cloud.

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References

 1: Data Center Virtualization Fundamentals, Cisco Press (2014) 2: Scott Lowe, Mastering VMware vSphere 5, Sybex (2011) 3: Bernard Golden, Virtualization for Dummies, Wiley Publishing Inc. (2013) 4. “Need Of Virtualization” http://insights.wired.com/profiles/blogs/virtualization-why-do-we-need-it#ixzz2gyjnltOF  5. “Storage Virtualization” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_virtualization 6. “Installing VMware Workstation 5” http://kb.VMware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2057907

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References (Contd.)

7. “Install, Create and Use VM” https://www.VMware.com/pdf/desktop/ws10-getting-started.pdf  8. “Video Tutorial on creating VM”http://kb.VMware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1018415 9. “Brief discussion of Oxford University Case study”http://www.VMware.com/a/customers/industry/2?sort=a&next=61 10. “A video by System Admin of Oxford discussing the benefits of vCloud Director”http://download3.VMware.com/media/customers/VMware-Oxford-University-12Q1-EN-Video.flv