1.

2. BIOS GPU RAMDAC TDMS (SVGA) ( DVI ) 3. . . () , . , , , . "", . - . ( LCD ) . - 4. 15 . , VGA (video graphics array), (). "" VGA (video graphics adapter). VGA, D-Sub 15 DB-15S . , . , . VGA DVI (Digital Visual Interface), . D-Sub VGA - -. HDTV-.VGA- (D-Sub) 5. DVI - - ( ). DVI- , DVI VGA/D-Sub. DVI-, Windows. , DVI D-Sub/VGA. , , 30" - Dell Apple, DVI (Dual-Link), "" 2560x1600. DVI- 6. -, , , . . , . "" , . , "" . -(RCA,"") S-Video (S-VHS) S-Video - . , "", , . , , - . S-Video "", (Y, Pb, Pr). 7. "": "Y", "Pb" "Pr". HDTV ( ). . , VGA. (HD). , , . ( ) ( ) 8. HDMI HDMI "High Definition Multimedia Interface". , - - . HDMI , HDMI . HDMI . HDMI, HDMI.DVI/HDMI HDMI 9. . - , , . (bandwidth). " " , . , . , . , . 10. 8- 16- ISA. (. ). EISA Extended ISA 32 , , (bus mastering). , . ISA PCI PCI Peripheral Components Interconnect. 32- , 33 133 /. PCI ISA. PCI , PCI AGP ( PCI Express). 11. AGP - , . PCI 2.1. PCI, , AGP . AGP , AGP 8x 2,1 /, AGP 266 / (32 , 66 ). AGP PCI Express, AGP 8x ( AGP 4x) . AGP 8x AGP 4x, AGP 8x. AGP 12. ISA, PCI AGP, PCI Express , . . , .PCI Express . PCI Express x16 (16 ) 4 / 8 / . - , : . AGP 3.0 (AGP 8x) 41,8 (6 A 3,3 , 2 A 5 , 1 A 12 = 41,8 1,24 3,3 0,375 A). 4- . PCI Express , 75 x16 75 6- , 150 .PCI-Express 13. (, , ) , 150- . , , . . , "" , . , , . . 14. "" (heatsink) . , , . . , . 15. , ( ). - . , - . , . . , . . , .. 16. , , . , . , . VGA-. VGA- , . . ( + ) 17. VGA- , . . , . , , . 18. GPU "" , , "" . . , . - . , , . , , , . 19. "" , - . - . . ( ) . . , . , . 20. RAMDAC . RAMDAC : RAM DAC. RAM Random Access Memory ( ). DAC - Digital to Analog Converter - - . RAM- RAMDAC , , , . DAC ( DAC), , ., GPU RAMDAC 21. RAMDAC VGA / . (64 128 ). RAMDAC 6- 8- 8- ( -), direct color. RAMDAC RAMDAC . "" . RAMDAC , , RAMDAC. - , . RAMDAC . RAMDAC speed [] 60 70 75 85 640x480 25.175 31.5 31,5 36 800x600 40 50 48.5 56.25 1024x768 65 75 78.75 94.5 1152x864 94.2 108 121 1280x1024 108 135 157.5 1600x1200 162 189 202.5 229.5 1800x1440 214 250 22. SLI . . 3DFx Voodoo2 Scan Line Interleave, , . GeForce 6800 .SLI 23.

SLI , . -. - , . , . , PCI Express, PCIE-0, PCIE-1, PCIE-0 -, POST . Scalable Link Interface (SLI) 1 /, PCI Express. SLI:

SFR(Split-Frame Rendering) - "" . GPU, GPU . -, RAMDAC - - .

AFR(Alternate Frame Rendering) - , , . , . , AFR2, .

24.

SLI AA(Antialiasing) - , - 8, 16, 32, .

Single GPU- , -.

SLI , . NVIDIA nForce 4 SLI . , SLI , Intel 955X , SLI . 25.

3D- :

PEG (PCI Express x16) SLI;

SLI; GeForce 6800GT , SLI 6600LE, ;

SLI, ; GeForce 6600 PCI Express;

ForceWare

( Detonator).

26.

PCI Express .

, , , . . , ( ), Windows XP Server 2003 "" . , , SLI. 27. . , ( , , ), ( , , ).CrossFire 28. DVI , , , VPU. , Composing Engine , , , , , . , VPU , VPU , , VPU Composing Engine. ( ) , TDMS DVI. Composing Engine, , . 29. CrossFire , DVI, , DMS. DVI , DVI VG , . , (DVI+VGA VGA), TV-Out, CrossFire DVI+VGA. , , , , , . ATI Composing Engine ( Engine ) , , DVI . , , , CrossFire. CrossFire , DVI , . 30.

:

(Scissor, Slicing). NVIDIA SLI, , ( , ), ..

(Tiling) , , , (SLI 3dfx, ) (

(Alternate Frame Rendering) ATI RAGE Fury MAXX. , , , , , DCC/CAD/CAM/CAE (, ).

31.

, CrossFire Composing Engine , . , , . ATI , , , . , .

:

, *, CrossFire PCI-Express ( ).

.

, CrossFire, .

AA 2, 4 6 MSAA , 2SSAA Composing Engine. (, ASUS Sapphire )