Verginais a small town in northern Greece, located in the prefecture of Imathia, Central Macedonia.

Katerina Prokopiou

The town became internationally famous in 1977, when the Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos unearthed what he claimed was the burial site of the kings of Macedon, including the tomb of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.

Manolis Andronikos

Philip II ,

father of Alexander the Great

Archaeological finds

Vergina is situated close to the site of ancient Aigai (or Aegae), once the royal capital of ancient Macrdon, ruled by the Argead dynasty from about 650 BC onwards. Archaeologists were interested in the hills around Vergina as early as the 1850s, knowing that the site of Aigai was in the vicinity and suspecting that the hills were burial mounds. Excavations began in 1861 under the French archaeologist Leon Heuzey, sponsored by the Emperor Napoleon III. Parts of the Macedonian royal palace of Palatista were discovered. However, the excavations had to be abandoned because of the risk of malaria.

In 1937, the University of Thessaloniki resumed the excavations. More ruins of the ancient palace were found, but the excavations were abandoned on the outbreak of war with Italy in 1939. After the war the excavations were resumed and during the 1950s and 1960s the rest of the royal capital was uncovered. The Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos became convinced that a hill called the "Great Tumulus" (in Greek, Μεγάλη Τούμπα) concealed the tombs of the Macedonian Kings.

In 1977, Andronikos undertook a six-week dig at the Tumulus and found four buried chambers which he identified as hitherto undisturbed tombs. Three more were found in 1980. Excavations continued through the 1980s and 1990s. Andronikos claimed that these were the burial sites of the kings of Macedon, including the tomb of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. Andronikos maintained that one of the tombs was of Philip II, and another was of Alexander IV of macedon, son of Alexander the Great.

the tomb of Philip II

The tomb of Alexander IV,

son of Alexander the Great

The larnax (gold casket) which Andronikos identified as containing the remains of Philip II has a symbol of a sun or star on its lid, and this Vergina Sun has been adopted as a symbol of Greek Macedonia. It became the subject of international controversy in 1991 when the newly independent Skopia (FYROM) used the symbol on its flag. This outraged Greek public opinion, which saw the use of the symbol as an insult to its historical heritage and implying a territorial claim on Greece. In 1995 Skopia (FYROM) agreed to drop the use of the symbol

A large quantity of works of art, many in gold, were recovered from the tombs. These included the larnax with the Sun of Vergina on the lid, which Andronikos maintains contained the cremated remains of Philip II. These treasures were temporarily housed in the Thessaloniki Archeological Museum. In 2000 they were returned to Vergina and installed in a museum which has been built inside the Great Tumulus. In 1996, the archaeological importance of Vergina led UNESCO to add it to its list of World Heritage Sites.

1.The symbol of Greek Macedonia.2.This dynasty ruled ancient Macedon from about 650 BC.3.The gold casket which contains the remains of Philip II.4. Once the royal capital of ancient Macedon.5. King of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, who buried in Vergina.6. Alexander IV, ……….of Alexander the Great, buried in Vergina.7. The Greek archaeologist who discovered the tombs of the Macedonian kings.

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