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U.S. History
Chapter 15: New Movements in America
Section 2: Immigrants & Cities
Waves of Immigrants
• 1840—1860 : More than 4 million immigrants settle in U.S.
• More than 3 million Irish or German
• Fleeing unfavorable economic/political conditions
Waves of Immigrants
•Mid 1840s: potato blight left many families in Ireland without any food
•1 million + die
•Many flee to U.S.
Waves of Immigrants
• Most immigrants arrived poor
• Women worked as domestic servants
• Men could only find unskilled jobs
Waves of Immigrants
•1848: Germans revolt
•Immigrate to escape persecution and for economic reasons
•Protestants, Catholics, Jews
Waves of Immigrants
•Became farmers in Midwestern states
•Often took low-paying jobs
The Nativist Response
•Immigrants drawn to industrial jobs in the Northeast
•Immigrants filled need for cheap labor
•Native-born citizens feared losing jobs to immigrants
•Threatened by cultural differences
•Catholicism
•Nativists—U.S. citizens who opposed immigration
The Nativist Response
The Nativist Response
•Know-Nothing Party—wanted to exclude Catholics & foreigners from public office
The Know-Nothing Party was anti-Catholic
Those Know-Nothings are a
bunch of haters!
Growth of Cities
• Industrial Revolution led to new jobs in cities
•Transportation Revolution helped make it easier to move
•Cities grew rapidly
•Middle Class—social and economic level between the wealthy & poor
•New entertainment: libraries, clubs, theaters
Growth of Cities
Urban Problems
•Limited transportation = crowded conditions
•Riots
•Tenements—dirty, overcrowded, & poorly built housing
•Lack of public sanitation
•Disease & epidemics
•Lack of police/fire protection
Urban Problems