Understanding Human Nature and Behavior

Assumptions of Human BehaviorThere are two proposition for understanding

Human Behavior1.Human Behavior is function of the individual

and the Environment. – Individual factor like skill , Efficiency, Experience, Health, Attitude, Perception , Leaning influences the willingness to do the work. The Environment like working condition, Reward Policy , interaction with peers, supervisor, subordinate also affect the behavior.

2. An individual Behavior has a cause and effect Relationship

– to understand behavior one has to understand the cause. According to this proposition a stimulus is responsible for causing individual behavior.

Thus, Behavior is function of enduring Qualities of personality

Behavior is result of psychological concept like Belief, attitude

STIMULUS-ORGANISM-BEHAVIOR(SOB)

Feedback

STIMULUS-ORGANISM-BEHAVIOR(SOB)The behavior process reveals that a person receive the

stimuli or information through their sensory organs. Not all the information is processed.

The Organism (O) ie the person processing the information is dynamic and is interacting with the environment. Hence the stimuli is organized and understood through a perpetual process.

Then it is evaluated in relation to establish belief , Value and attitudes of Human Mind. The idea is transformed into action through physical response, which is the final output of the stimuli. This is call Behavior(B).

Sometime the Action is examined by the individual to see weather it suits the external environment. If it does not the action is revised. This is called Feedback

STIMULUS-ORGANISM-BEHAVIOR(SOB)

Similarity and Dissimilarity ContinuumThe process of Stimulus- Organism – Behavior tells

us That individual respond differently to different stimuli. Therefore Knowledge of similarities and Dissimilarities enable a manager to understand acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

(A)Difference in abilityPhysiological -Height , weight, color of skin & eyeIntellectual – problem solving, understandingPersonality Factor – perception , learningSkill and Aptitude KnowledgeExperience

Similarity and Dissimilarity ContinuumB. Difference in motivesMotives of Reward, achievement, esteem

influence the performance C. Difference in Individual VariablesAge, educational level, value system, Cultural

BackgroundD. Difference in Situational VariableNature and type of Organization, type of

Supervision, Training provided, reward, work group, physical condition of work environment and tools etc.

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The Three Levels ofThe Three Levels ofOrganizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior

The Three Levels ofThe Three Levels ofOrganizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior

OrganizationalOrganizationalProcessesProcesses

OrganizationalOrganizationalProcessesProcesses

TheTheIndividualIndividual

TheTheIndividualIndividual

GroupGroupProcessesProcesses

GroupGroupProcessesProcesses

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Individual as a part of an organization:

We usually join an organization to satisfy our individual needs, whether they are social, emotional, Physical or monetary.

We depend heavily on organizations to fulfill our own as well as their purposes.

Help us to be more effective within those settings.

To reduce some of the frustrations by learning how to cope.

prevent some of the problems we face in the organization.

Rationality in Human BehaviorAccording to Herbert Simon Individual action is

said to be rational if the result of action is very close to realization of objective.

A decision is considered organizationally rational, if it is oriented towards organizational goal

Since an individual cannot be perfectly rational , Simon advocated the concept of bounded rationality or the theory of satisfying.

Behavior does not always matched the demand of rationality.

Bounded RationalityBehavior is bounded or limited by number of

factors.1.Behavior is function of human mental process ,

which is difficult to visualize.2.Individual pursue conflicting objective over a

period of time.3.Human mind has limited capacity to understand

and process information.4.Environmental factors limits individual action.5.Knowledge of perfect information is not possible.

Bounded Rationality1. Personal values, beliefs, perception,

attitudes and learning differ from individual to individual.

2. Satisfaction is not measurable.3. Individual goals are vague and dynamic over

a period of time.