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saurav-gupta
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Transparent electronics is an emerging science and
technology field focused on producing transparent/invisible
electronic circuitry and devices.
In transparent electronics the usual opaque semiconductor
materials forming the basis for electronic device fabrication is
replaced with transparent materials.
A transparent material is an insulator which possesses
completely filled valence and empty conduction bands.
large carrier concentrations desired for a good
conductivity may result in an increase of the optical
absorption .
Plasma Oscillations.
Converting idea into reality
TCOs constitute an unusual class ofmaterials possessing two physicalproperties:
o Optical Transparency
o Electrical Conductivity
ZnO
In2O3
CdO
ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)
Substitutional Doping
Oxygen Reduction
S.
No.
Compound
Semiconductor
Dopant Preparation
technique
01. NiO Li Pulsed laser
deposition
02. ZnO Na, Mg Sol gel. Annealing
03. Cr2O3 Al, N Spray Pyrolysis
04. Mg1-xZnxO In Pulsed laser
deposition
Transparent Conducting
Devices
Passive
TTFR TTFC TTFI
Active
TTFT
Expected to operate at lower frequencies
Expected to exhibit linear or very near
linear behaviour
Capacitor must have linear current voltage
derivative property.
Large capacitance density is required to minimize
the size.
Thin insulator with high dielectric constant value is
the best.
Inductor must have linear Voltage current
derivative property.
A large ‘Q value’ is better (Q=(2πf L/RL)).
Expected to behave in anon-ideal manner.
Constitutes the heart of transparent electronics
Formed from highly insulating, wide band gap
transparent semiconductor(ZnO)
Source, drain and gate contacts are made from
highly conductive TCO (ITO)
Two possible configurations are:
a. Bottom gate
b. Top gate
Visible Transparency
Low Temperature Processing
Robust stable inorganic materials
Safe and Non toxic
Low Cost
High resistance of TCOs
Lack of complementary devices
Low frequency operation (from KHz to few MHz)
Technological Immaturity
APPLICATIONS
See through or novel display structures
Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Device
display backplane (AMOLED)
Value added glass
Invisible cameras and Invisible RFIDs
Transparent solar cells or Solar windows
CONCLUSIONS
Great impact on Human-Machine interactions in near futureNew applications like solar windows holds the key for many future advancements in security, entertainment and efficient utilization of the energy New business opportunities are arisingDoors to the new world will open soon