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3-hour talk I gave on behalf of Social Bits and the Irish Internet Association (IIA). Contains an introduction to the general idea of the Semantic Web and Linked Data, its relevance and opportunities for businesses, and a look under the hood - how does it all work?
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Copyright 2010 Knud MöllerExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://www.socialbits.net/
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Knud Möller, DERI and Social Bits
Monday 29 March 2010
Copyright 2010 Knud MöllerExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://www.socialbits.net/
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Knud Möller, DERI and Social Bits
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•Knud Möller•Web and Semantic Web researcher at DERI by day ...•... consultant for SocialBits at night!•PhD from NUI Galway on “Lifecycle support for Data on
the Semantic Web”•involved in the W3C RDFa Working Group•Website: http://kantenwerk.org•LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/knudmoeller•I’m not on Twitter...
2
About me (in plain text)
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business) 3
About me (as a graph)
:me
foaf:Person
:phd_thesis:linkedin
df:deri-nui-galway
foaf:OnlineAccount swrc:Phdthesis
http://www.deri.ie
http://www.socialbits.nethttp://
www.linkedin.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/knudmoeller
Knud MöllerknudmoellerLifecycle Support for
Data on the Semantic Web
a aa
foaf:name
foaf:workplaceHomepage
foaf:workplaceHomepage
http://kantenwerk.org
foaf:homepagefoaf:homepage
foaf:accountName
foaf:accountServiceHomepage
dcterms:title
swrc:schoolfoaf:
depiction
category:Semantic_Web
dcterms:subject
foaf:account
foaf:made
Monday 29 March 2010
:me
foaf:Person
:phd_thesis:linkedin
df:deri-nui-galway
foaf:OnlineAccount swrc:Phdthesis
http://www.deri.ie
http://www.socialbits.iehttp://
www.linkedin.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/knudmoeller
Knud MöllerknudmoellerLifecycle Support for
Data on the Semantic Web
a aa
foaf:name
foaf:workplaceHomepage
foaf:workplaceHomepage
http://kantenwerk.org
foaf:homepagefoaf:homepage
foaf:accountName
foaf:accountServiceHomepage
dcterms:title
swrc:schoolfoaf:
depiction
category:Semantic_Web
dcterms:subject
foaf:account
foaf:made
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
:me a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name “Knud Möller” ;
foaf:workplaceHomepage <http://www.deri.ie> ;
foaf:workplaceHomepage <http://www.socialbits.net> ;
foaf:made :phd_thesis ;
foaf:homepage <http://kantenwerk.org> ;
foaf:account :linkedin ;
foaf:depiction <http://kantenwerk.org/images/talk_isemantics.jpg> .
:linkedin a foaf:OnlineAccount ;
foaf:accountName “knudmoeller” ;
foaf:homepage <http://www.linkedin.com/in/knudmoeller> ;
foaf:accountServiceHomepage <http://www.linkedin.com> .
:phd_thesis a swrc:Phdthesis ;
dcterms:title “Lifecycle Support for Data on the Semantic Web” ;
swrc:school df:deri-nui-galway ;
dcterms:subject category:Semantic_Web.
4
About me (in RDF code)
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•What is the Semantic Web?•What are some of the buzz words and what do they
mean?•Are there any serious players involved in the Semantic
Web right now?•Who are they and what do they do?•What can businesses do today with the Semantic Web
and how can it benefit them?•What might happen in the next few years in the field?
5
Some things I want to talk about today
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
UK to spend £30.000.000 on SW Research
6
22/03/2010
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Buzz words in Gordon Brown’s speech
7
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Buzz words in Gordon Brown’s speech
7
“Next Generation of the Web” aka “Semantic Web”
aka “Web of Linked Data”
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Buzz words in Gordon Brown’s speech
7
“Next Generation of the Web” aka “Semantic Web”
aka “Web of Linked Data”disruptive for
business
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Buzz words in Gordon Brown’s speech
7
“Next Generation of the Web” aka “Semantic Web”
aka “Web of Linked Data”
documents/files vs.
data/information
disruptive for business
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Buzz words in Gordon Brown’s speech
7
“Next Generation of the Web” aka “Semantic Web”
aka “Web of Linked Data”
documents/files vs.
data/information
direct answersto
direct requests
disruptive for business
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Buzz words in Gordon Brown’s speech
7
“Next Generation of the Web” aka “Semantic Web”
aka “Web of Linked Data”
documents/files vs.
data/information
direct answersto
direct requests
disruptive for business
“Web Science”
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Semantic Web: The General Idea
•Today’s Web is the “Eyeball Web” - a web of interlinked documents and services that are made for humans to see and interact with.
•The Semantic Web is a web of interlinked data, in formats that software agents can make sense of.
•The Semantic Web does not replace our current Web - it will extend it.
•The Semantic Web will be (and already is) under the hood of the current Web and make it smarter.
•It’s the next generation, but it will probably look the same.
8
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Documents vs. Data
9
Document
Data
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Documents vs. Data
9
Document
Data
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Documents vs. Data
9
Document
Data
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
The idea is not completely new...*
Memex (Vannevar Bush)A memex is “a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications.”
Open Hypertext System(Doug Engelbart)“The open hyperdocument system (OHS) is a standards-based, open source framework for developing collaborative, knowledge management applications.”
WWW (Tim Berners-Lee)“There was a second part of the dream […] we could then use computers to help us analyse it, make sense of what we re doing, where we individually fit in, and how we can better work together.”
10
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
But the time wasn’t right*
11
*original slides from http://www.stefandecker.org/files/2006/cweeurope.ppt
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Now it probably is
The ingredients are there:•the internet and the WWW, a globally interconnected
information network•fast computers•enormous data storage•representation standards•methods for automatic information extraction (NLP, ...)•“digital natives”
12
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Linked Open Data
•for a long time, the Semantic Web community focussed on logics, ontologies and stand-alone use-cases
•however, without massive amounts of actual instance data, we won’t get anywhere
•individual datasets need to be linked to each other (that’s the hard part), otherwise we have isolated islands
13
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Linked Open Data (ctd.)
•The Linked Open Data cloud - the set of interlinked, Semantic Web datasets - is growing rapidly
14
February 2008
July 2009
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Who is using SW Technology now?
•Companies using or producing semantic data, e.g.– Google (enhanced search results based on RDFa)– Yahoo! (enhanced search results based on RDFa)– Tesco (product pages enriched with RDFa)– BestBuy (semantic descriptions of shop locations)– O’Reilly (semantic descriptions of book catalogue)– Adobe (embedded RDF annotations of documents)
•Companies doing business in Semantic Web, e.g.– OpenLink Software (Virtuoso Triple Store)– Talis Group (Talis Platform)– TopQuadrant (TopBraid Composer)– Metaweb (Freebase)
15
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Who is using SW Technology now? (ctd.)
16
Improved Search Results in Yahoo!
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Who is using SW Technology now? (ctd.)
•Governments, e.g.– UK public sector data at http://data.gov.uk– US open government data at http://www.data.gov (not quite
Semantic Web, but close)– more at http://linkeddata.deri.ie/node/72
•Research prototypes, e.g.– Sindice and Sig.ma (a “semantic Google”) at DERI: – http://sindice.com/
•more examples at– http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/
17
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Who is using SW Technology now? (ctd.)
18
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
How can all this affect businesses?
•Business Intelligence– easier to harvest and analyse data from competitors– easier to do integrated querying of different data sources
(population data, product data, political data, etc.)
•Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)– BestBuy experienced 30% traffic increase after adding semantic
metadata– Yahoo! reported higher click-through rate for search results with
semantic metadata
•Reduced Costs– Gordon Brown: savings of over £20bn in public sector?– improved communication, collaboration through technologies such
semantic desktop, semantic office
19
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
How can all this affect businesses? (ctd.)
•New forms of businesses, e.g.– new kinds of services– data handling: extract, maintain and link data– applications around linked data– specialised search engines for specific domains– ensuring data security, evaluate trustworthiness of sources
(authority)
•Consumer Pull– consumers will specify what they want and match with offers– contextualised, personalised advertisement (only offer products
and services that the consumer wants)
20
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Linked Data Business Models
21
Scott Brinker, http://www.chiefmartec.com/2010/03/business-models-for-linked-data-and-web-30.html
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business) 22
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
The Semantic Web - Under the Hood
23
Image: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnkay/3393069595/© Copyright 2009 John Krzesinski This work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.en
RDF
URI
Vocabularies and Ontologies
RDFa
Principles of Linked Data
Datasets
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
URIs - Unambiguous Names for Things
•URIs are Uniform Resource Identifiers•You know them from your Web browser - “these names
for things that start with ‘http’” (mostly)– (Tim Berners-Lee talk at TED2009)
24
ambiguous unambiguousApple Apple, the fruitApple Apple, the computer company“Java in a Nutshell” “Java in a Nutshell”, 5th edition“Java in a Nutshell” “Java in a Nutshell”, 3rd editionto have a title to have a title, such as the title of a bookto have a title to have a title, such as “Prof.” or “PhD”
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
URIs - Unambiguous Names for Things
•URIs are Uniform Resource Identifiers•You know them from your Web browser - “these names
for things that start with ‘http’” (mostly) – (Tim Berners-Lee talk at TED2009)
25
ambiguous URIsApple http://dbpedia.org/resource/Apple
Apple http://dbpedia.org/resource/Apple_Inc.
“Java in a Nutshell” urn:x-domain:oreilly.com:product:9780596007737.IP
“Java in a Nutshell” urn:x-domain:oreilly.com:product:9781565924871.IP
to have a title http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
to have a title http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/title
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
human-understandable
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
human-understandable
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://kantenwerk.org>.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
human-understandable
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://kantenwerk.org>.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://kantenwerk.org>.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
machine-understandable
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•If the Semantic Web had a language, RDF would be its grammar
•The main rules of the grammar: – every sentence has three words: subject, predicate and object– instead of English words, use unambiguous URIs for words (also
called resources)
•a sentence in RDF is also called a triple or a statement•RDF lets you say “anything about anything”
26
Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.Knud’s homepage is at http://kantenwerk.org.Knud’s full name is “Knud Möller”.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://kantenwerk.org>.<http://kantenwerk.org/knud> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> “Knud Möller”.:knud foaf:homepage <http://kantenwerk.org>.:knud foaf:name “Knud Möller”.
RDF - Resource Description Framework
machine-understandable
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
RDF - Resource Description Framework
•lots of triples make up a graph
27
http://
data.semanticweb.org
/conference/aswc-
iswc/2007/tracks/in-
use/papers/795
people:knud-
moeller
foa
f:m
ake
r
people:tom-heath
foaf:maker
foaf:Person
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
swrc:
InProceedings
"Tom Heath"
foaf:name
"Knud Möller"
foa
f:n
am
e
dbpedia:
Semantic_Web
foa
f:to
pic
"Recipes for
Semantic Web
Dog Food - The
[…]"
swrc:title
Graph
http://
data.semanticweb.or
g/conference/aswc-
iswc/2007/tracks/in-
use/papers/795
people:knud-
moeller
foaf:m
aker
Statement
swc:Paper
rdfs
:su
bC
lassO
f
http://data.semanticweb.org/conference/aswc-iswc/
2007/tracks/in-use/papers/795
Resource
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
SPARQL - Querying RDF
•language to query RDF graphs (“direct answers to direct requests”)
•looks a bit like SQL
28
SELECT DISTINCT ?organisation ?employee WHERE {
?organisation a foaf:Organization .
?organisation foaf:member ?employee .
}
SELECT DISTINCT ?employee WHERE {
org:deri-nuig-alway foaf:member ?employee
}
Find all organisations and their employees
Find all employees of DERI
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Vocabularies and Ontologies
•the words in the Semantic Web: its nouns, verbs and adjectives, each as a URI
•grouped together according to topics and use cases•usually types of things and relations (“Person”,
“Product”), not specific instances (“Brian Cowen”, “iPhone 3GS”)
•use logic-based languages such as OWL and RDFS to define the meaning of terms
29
– People and their relations:•FOAF (Friend of a Friend), http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
– E-Commerce (businesses, products, offers, shops, ...):•Good Relations, http://purl.org/goodrelations/
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Vocabularies and Ontologies
– General purpose annotations (author, topics, dates, licenses, ...):•DCMI Metadata Terms (Dublin Core)•http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
– Online Communities and Communication:•SIOC (Semantically Interconnected Online Communities)•http://sioc-project.org/
– Address and Contact Information• vCard-RDF, http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/
– Geo-locations:•Geo Vocabulary: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/
– Events:•RDF Calendar: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfcal/
– ... and many more - or create your own!– The beauty of RDF: you can mix all of those together as you like!
30
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
FOAF (Friend of a Friend)
31
Person :knud a foaf:Person
Organization :socialbits a foaf:Organization
OnlineAccount :linkedin a foaf:OnlineAccount
Project nasa:apollo11 a foaf:Project
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
{C
lass
es/T
ypes
name :knud foaf:name “Knud Möller”
mbox :knud foaf:mbox <mailto:[email protected]>
homepage :knud foaf:homepage <http://kantenwerk.org>
knows :knud foaf:knows :ina
account :knud foaf:account :linkedin
accountName :linkedin foaf:accountName “knudmoeller”
member :socialbits foaf:member :knud
{
Prop
ertie
s/Re
latio
ns
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business) 32
About me (in RDF code)
:me a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name “Knud Möller” ;
foaf:workplaceHomepage <http://www.deri.ie> ;
foaf:workplaceHomepage <http://www.socialbits.net> ;
foaf:made :phd_thesis ;
foaf:homepage <http://kantenwerk.org> ;
foaf:account :linkedin ;
foaf:depiction <http://kantenwerk.org/images/talk_isemantics.jpg> .
:linkedin a foaf:OnlineAccount ;
foaf:accountName “knudmoeller” ;
foaf:homepage <http://www.linkedin.com/in/knudmoeller> ;
foaf:accountServiceHomepage <http://www.linkedin.com> .
:phd_thesis a swrc:Phdthesis ;
dcterms:title “Lifecycle Support for Data on the Semantic Web” ;
swrc:school df:deri-nui-galway ;
dcterms:subject category:Semantic_Web.
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Good Relations
33
Business Entity
ProductOrService•Company
•Shop•Restaurant•Person• ...
•Car•Book•Consulting•Waffles• ...
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Good Relations
33
Business Entity
ProductOrService•Company
•Shop•Restaurant•Person• ...
•Car•Book•Consulting•Waffles• ...
Offering
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Good Relations
34
@prefix gr: <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#> .
{C
lass
es/T
ypes
legalName :waffle_company gr:legalName “Super Waffles Ltd.” .
hasPOS :waffle_company gr:hasPOS :waffle_shop .
offers :waffle_shop gr:offers :waffle_offering .
hasPriceSpecification :waffle_offering gr:hasPriceSpecification :waffle_price .
hasCurrency :waffle_price gr:hasCurrency “EUR” .
typeOfGood :waffle_type_and_quality gr:typeOfGood :maple_syrup_waffles .
{
Prop
ertie
s/Re
latio
ns
BusinessEntity :waffle_company a gr:BusinessEntity .
LocationOfSalesOr ServiceProvisioning
:waffle_shop a gr:LocationOfSalesOrServiceProvisioning .
ProductOrService Model :maple_syrup_waffles a gr:ProductOrServiceModel .
Offering :waffle_offering a gr:Offering .
UnitPriceSpecification :waffle_price a gr:UnitPriceSpecification .
TypeAndQualityNode :waffle_type_and_quality a gr:TypeAndQualityNode.
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Good Relations
35
Menu
:maple_sirup_waffles
:waffle_offering:waffle_shop
:waffle_company
gr:BusinessEntity
gr:LocationOfSalesOrServiceProvisioning
gr:Offering
gr:ProductOrServiceModel
a
aa
a
:waffle_type_and_quantity
gr:TypeAndQuantityNode
a
1gr:amountOfThisGood
gr:typeOfGood
We sell tasty waffles with maple syrup, only €2.99!
rdfs:comment
Waffles with maple syrup
rdfs:label
gr:hasPOS
gr:offers
Super WafflesGalway
gr:legalName
Super Waffles Ltd.
gr:legalName
gr:includesObject
:waffle_pricegr:hasPrice
Specification
EUR
2.99
gr:UnitPriceSpecification
a gr:hasCurrencyValue
gr:hasCurrency
The “Super Waffles Galway” café of the “Super Waffles Ltd.” chain sells waffles with maple syrup for €2.99 a piece.
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Good Relations
36
:waffle_company a gr:BusinessEntity ; gr:legalName "Super Waffles Ltd." ; gr:hasPOS :waffle_shop .
:waffle_shop a gr:LocationOfSalesOrServiceProvisioning ; gr:legalName "Super Waffles Galway" ; gr:offers :waffle_offering . :waffle_offering a gr:Offering ; rdfs:comment "We sell tasty waffles with maple syrup, only €2.99!" ; gr:hasPriceSpecification :waffle_price ; gr:includes_object :waffle_type_and_quality .
:waffle_price a gr:UnitPriceSpecification ; gr:hasCurrency "EUR" ; gr:hasCurrencyValue "2.99" .
:waffle_type_and_quality a gr:TypeAndQualityNode ; gr:amountOfThisGood "1" ; gr:typeOfGood :maple_sirup_waffles .
:maple_sirup_waffles a gr:ProductOrServiceModel ; rdfs:label "Waffles with Maple Sirup" .
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Principles of Linked Data
•we have URIs, we have RDF - shouldn’t we be fine now?•not quite - in order for Linked Data to work, the
following principles should be followed:
37
1. Identify everything with a URI.2. Use “http://” URIs - otherwise they
cannot be found!3. Provide useful information at each URI.4. Include links between datasets.
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Principles of Linked Data
•we have URIs, we have RDF - shouldn’t we be fine now?•not quite - in order for Linked Data to work, the
following principles should be followed:
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1. Identify everything with a URI.2. Use “http://” URIs - otherwise they
cannot be found!3. Provide useful information at each URI.4. Include links between datasets.
urn:x-domain:oreilly.com:product:9780596007737.IP
Bad URI!
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Data Hubs: DBpedia, Freebase & Co.
•Linked Datasets providing a massive amount of instance data, covering many domains
•URIs in these datasets can function as common names for things
•Complementing ontologies and vocabularies (the types of things and relations)
– http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland– http://dbpedia.org/resource/Brian_Cowen– http://dbpedia.org/resource/Volkswagen– http://dbpedia.org/resource/1969
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Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
Data Hubs: DBpedia, Freebase & Co.
•DBpedia:– complete mirror of all Wikipedia data “as is”– facts and relations extracted and represented as linked RDF– Semantic Web technology from the ground up– not-for-profit, community-based
•Freebase:– also partially based on Wikipedia, but adapted– export as RDF possible, but not very linked data-friendly– commercially developed by Metaweb, but can be used freely (CC-
BY license)
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Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages
•Problem: we have the data, but what’s the best way to publish it and put it online?
•Options:– Just put a file with RDF in it online:
•http://kantenwerk.org/metadata/foaf.rdf
– A method called “content negotiation”:•start: http://dbpedia.org/resource/National_Asset_Management_Agency•web server figures out if a normal HTML page or RDF is wanted•http://dbpedia.org/page/National_Asset_Management_Agency (HTML)•http://dbpedia.org/data/National_Asset_Management_Agency.rdf (RDF)
– put RDF inside the HTML Web page (embedded RDF):•RDFa has emerged as standard for this
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Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
•technically easy: – no twiddling with server necessary– many platforms allow you to publish HTML snippets (within limits)
•human-readable data (HTML) and machine-understandable data (RDF) are always in sync
•getting a lot of attention and uptake (more than anything else on the SW before), e.g.– Google + Yahoo! (read RDFa)– BestBuy (uses GoodRelations e-commerce ontology)– Tesco (uses Yahoo! products vocabulary)– O’Reilly (uses GoodRelations and other ontologies)– Drupal (RDFa built starting with version 7)
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Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
42
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>My Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>About me</h1>
<p>Hi! My name is
John Doe, and
this is my <b>lovely wife</b>,
Mary Jane Doe.
</p>
<img
src="http://missmba.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/marge-simpson1.jpg"/>
</body>
</html>
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
43
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<head>
<title about=”” property=”dct:title”>My Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 about="">About <span rel="foaf:primaryTopic" resource="#me">me</span></h1>
<p about="#me" typeof="foaf:Person">Hi! My name is
<span property="foaf:name">John Doe</span>, and <span rel="foaf:knows">
<span about="#jane" typeof="foaf:Person">this is my <b>lovely wife</b>,
<span property="foaf:name">Mary Jane Doe</span></span></span>.
</p>
<img resource="#jane" rev="foaf:depiction"
src="http://missmba.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/marge-simpson1.jpg"/>
</body>
</html>
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
43
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<head>
<title about=”” property=”dct:title”>My Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 about="">About <span rel="foaf:primaryTopic" resource="#me">me</span></h1>
<p about="#me" typeof="foaf:Person">Hi! My name is
<span property="foaf:name">John Doe</span>, and <span rel="foaf:knows">
<span about="#jane" typeof="foaf:Person">this is my <b>lovely wife</b>,
<span property="foaf:name">Mary Jane Doe</span></span></span>.
</p>
<img resource="#jane" rev="foaf:depiction"
src="http://missmba.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/marge-simpson1.jpg"/>
</body>
</html>
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•For the adventurous: try out RDFa•go to http://www.w3.org/2007/08/pyRdfa/•enter URI of example web page:•http://kantenwerk.org/downloads/rdfa_example.html•Output format: “Turtle”•Go!
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RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business) 45
RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
•Even more adventurous: try this with some “real-life” RDFa– http://stores.bestbuy.com/1895– http://www.clothingattesco.com/menswear/Onebody-Ski-gloves/
invt/ew921763– http://fast.morfeo-project.eu/workshops/ugs2009/
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RDFa - Embedding RDF in Web Pages (ctd.)
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business) 47
Thank you for your patience!
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The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business) 48
Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
References
•Social Bits: http://www.socialbits.net•DERI: http://www.deri.ie•Siegel, David (2009). “The Power of the Semantic Web to
Transform your Business”. Portfolio.•“Cloud of Data” - Paul Miller’s blog and podcasts.
http://cloudofdata.com•Video: Tim Berners-Lee on the Web of Linked Data @ TED2009 -
http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html
•Video: Gordon Brown on UK’s digital future, March 2009 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tNkRkPPmOE
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Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
References (ctd.)
•W3C RDFa Parser (to try out RDFa):– http://www.w3.org/2007/08/pyRdfa/
•Google and Rich Snippets (RDFa):– http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?
answer=99170&cbid
•Effect of RDFa for BestBuy ranking in Google:– http://priyankmohan.blogspot.com/2009/12/online-retail-how-best-
buy-is-using.html
•Effect of RDFa in Yahoo search results:– http://www.ysearchblog.com/2009/08/28/see-more-searchmonkey/
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Monday 29 March 2010
The Semantic Web (and what it can deliver for your business)
References (ctd.)
•Linked Data Business Models:– http://www.chiefmartec.com/2010/01/7-business-models-for-linked-
data.html
•Example of BestBuy page with RDFa (try in RDFa parser)– http://stores.bestbuy.com/1895
•Example of Tesco page with RDFa:– http://www.clothingattesco.com/menswear/Onebody-Ski-gloves/invt/
ew921763
•List of open governmental datasets:– http://linkeddata.deri.ie/node/72
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Monday 29 March 2010
