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The role of licence-exempt spectrum in mobileAnd the opportunity for polite small cells to exploit it
15/04/2023 Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015
Licensed spectrum• Taking the UK as an example, while spectrum availability is growing it does not keep pace with
demand growth• Small cells bridge the gap: but the economics get harder as the spectrum per bit diminishes
15/04/2023 2Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015
2010 2015 2020 2025 20300
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
rW high
rW mid
rW low
PB/m
onth
UK mobile demand growth
20102011
20122013
20142015
20162017
20182019
20202021
20222023
20242025
20262027
20282029
20300
100
200
300
400
500
600
7003600 MHz -3800 MHz 3600 MHz -3800 MHz (UKB)
2600MHz (unpaired) 2300 MHz (2310 - 2390 MHz)
2100 MHz TDD (2010 -2025 MHz) 2100 MHZ TDD (1900 - 1920 MHz)
1452 -1492 MHz 3400 MHz - 3600 MHz
3400 MHz - 3600 MHz (UKB) 2600 MHz
2100 MHz 1800 MHz
900 MHz 800 MHz
700 MHz in 2026
Avai
labl
e do
wnl
ink
ban
dwid
th (M
Hz)
UK licensed spectrum growth
Source: Real Wireless for Ofcom Source: Real Wireless for Ofcom
Yet licence-exempt (unlicensed) spectrum is abundant• Vastly more licence-exempt
spectrum than licensed, even today• And it’s free!• But:
• Low power requirements• Politeness requirements • A big installed base to protect
• Operators need to offer an assured Quality of Experience
• Ideal for small cells • with a polite air interface • with effective SON capabilities
15/04/2023 3Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015
<400 MHz 400 MHz - 6 GHz
(Non EU spectrum
law)
400 MHz - 6 GHz (EU law only)
6 GHz - 50 GHz
50 GHz - 250 GHz
10 MHz
100 MHz
1000 MHz
10000 MHz
100000 MHz
58 MHz
1057 MHz 812 MHz
13700 MHz22000 MHz
EU licence-exempt spectrum(log scale)
Source: Real Wireless for European Commission
TECHNOLOGY
SPECTRUM TOPOLOGYCapacity
But doesn’t more spectrum mean less small cells needed?
• No – it makes them more cost-effective by increasing the available capacity per cell• Bigger bang for the buck!
15/04/2023 4Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015
Spectrum Technology Topology
Can LAA-LTE meet the needs?• Provides excellent service integration and management with existing MNO
networks• But unmodified it fails to protect existing Wi-Fi users
15/04/2023 5Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015
Offered load
Operator 1 total throughput
Operator 2 deploys Wi-Fi
Operator 2 deploys LTE with no listen-before talk
Source: Cisco 3GPP RAN WG1 R1-144603Nov 2014 Simulations by Real Wireless on behalf of Cisco
Coexistence scenario: Enterprise deployment by two operators
LAA-LTE with 3GPP category 4 LBT scheme is much fairer• The 3GPP LAA-LTE Study Item has agreed a very “Wi-Fi like” LBT scheme which provides nearly the same
coexistence performance as Wi-Fi
15/04/2023 6Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015
Operator 1 (victim) Operator 2 (aggressor)
Source: Cisco 3GPP RAN WG1 R1-153421, May 2015Simulations by Real Wireless on behalf of Cisco
Wi-Fi to Wi-FiLAA to Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi to Wi-FiWi-Fi to LAA
ContactReal Wireless PO Box 2218PulboroughWest SussexRH20 4XBUnited Kingdom
realwireless.biz
Tel: +44 (0) 207 117 8514 Web: www.realwireless.bizViews: www.realwireless.biz/category/real-wireless-views/ News: www.realwireless.biz/category/real-wireless-news/Email: [email protected]: twitter.com/real_wireless
15/04/2023 7Company Confidential © Real Wireless Ltd. 2015