The Potential of 3D printingan overview of the current state of rapid

prototypingthe manufacturing revolution

July 2014Lija Groenwoud van Vliet

Up to $550M per year by 2025

Source: McKinsey Global Institute report

Definition

3D printing

• a process of making a physical object from a three-dimensional (3D) digital model;

• building products through successive thin layering of a material without the intervention of cutting, drilling,…;

• type of industrial robot using a 3-D computer-aided design (CAD) program to create a digital model.

Tags: 3D printing, rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing (AM) , cloud, manufacturing revolution, advanced materials, replication efforts, laser

Work in progress

Youtube 3D printing time-lapse

The benefits

Source: Anubis3D

2D printing versus 3D printing

Source: 3D printing

3D developments through time

Source: Which-50 Source: Whiteclouds

How does it works?

Source: UXTrendspotting

Production characteristics (1): differentiators

Materials:PlasticGlassMetal (titanium)Food (chocolateTissue (stem cell)Earthenware (ceramics)Paper / woodBiocompatible materialsSand

Differentiators: Form: solid versus flexible Price Detail level Strength Smoothness Color

Elasto Plastic

Production characteristics (2) : Methods

SLS, DMLS, FDM, SLA, LOM, Ink-Jet-Style

Source: 24x7mag

Mostly used in consumer market

Production characteristics (3): new techniques

Characteristics

Implications

Produce molds, enable rapid modeling and prototyping (tooling)

Digitally manufacture (parts of) final products, meaning digital product storage (digital warehouse)

High level of customization leading to 35%-60% cost savings (McKinsey Global Institute report)

Enhancing local production leading to less transport and packaging

Less material waste due to fabrication process and fewer unsold products due to manufacture upon request.

Possible to recycle or increase life span of products by replacing malfunctioning parts

Reducing time in product development

Characteristics

Making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital model

Possibility to manufacture (small) fully functional tools (such as batteries, transistors, and LEDs

Precision and resolution Manufacturing tool 3 axles (x,y,z) Making use of software (.stl)

Making it especially interesting for industries with: high labor-cost industry (such as time-

consuming assembly and secondary machining processes)

complex tooling requirements relatively low volumes (or niche market) high obsolescence or scrap rates

When selecting a printer, look at:1. Flexibility & simplicity (open source /

ready-to-print)2. Type of material (PLA / ABS) (effect on

temperature)3. Software of the printer4. Precision, detail, resolution and

calibration5. Speed and ´noice´ level

Things to improve & hurdles on the way

Surface finish & resolution

Speed of printing

Costs of raw material

Ink inefficiencies

Machine range

Potential risk from hackers and software bugs

Misuse of technology (danger of self producing unwanted

objects like guns)

Legal restrictions & ethics

The cost of producing large volumes of some products can

be high using 3D printers

Image credit

Sectors where applied: what can be printed? Just anything

3D

ToysFashion

Automotive

Art

Military

ManufacturingRetail

Food

Architect

Medical3D print Blood Vessels

Replacing current objects

Source: Leapfrog

Medical applications beyond imagination

Source: Gizmodo

Source: CSC

3D printing of a house (with waste materials for >$5.000)

Source:Dialymail

Using waste material

Source: Dezeen

The Wide Range of Commercial Possibilitities

Applications

Modeling

Source: Deltares

Trends

Manufacturing

Source: 3D printing Source: DHL

Implications of 3D material supply

Disruptive potential

From Gadgets & Design to Disrupting sectors

Source: 2020magzine

having impact on manufacturing processes and jobs democratization of manufacturing customizable

products

Design Produce Consume

3D printing bridges gaps: all can be done

by the same person

Expanding accesibility through hubs, crowdsourcing and crowdfunding

Changing Street view

Image credit Image credit

Image credit

The DIY community & cloud enabled services & personalizationThe first steps towards home based 3D printing

Market potential

Source: UXTrendspotting

Expected that most of the revenue generated by the 3D printing sector will come from commercial users (Deloite)

Source: Grandview Research

Source: 3D printing

Sou

rce:

UX

Tren

dsp

ott

ing

Source: Forst&Sullivan

Source: CSC

Big Companies investing in 3D printing

Source: seekingalpha

For case examples, click here

What are the Big Companies doing?

NASA: printing in space

The big players in the 3D market

Next step: 4D : responsive, transformable objects & self-assembling programable objects

Claudia

Source: Smithsonian

Smart materials

4D printing is the Future of design

Youtube movie

Barcelona Example: Natural Machines

Input:-Chocolate- Sugar- Vanilla- Dough- Fruits

Promise to meet dietary needs

Barcelona example: HP world centre for 3D printing

HP estimates that worldwide sales of 3D printers and software and related services will grow almost to the $ 11 billion for 2021. 

Source: 3dprintingevent

Background material (1)

Sources and interesting articles to read:http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/disruptive_technologies

http://www.marsdd.com/app/uploads/2014/04/MAR-CLT6965_3D-Printing_White_paper.pdfhttp://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-Canada/Local%20Assets/Documents/Insights/Innovative_Thinking/2013/ca_en_insights_disruptive_manufacturing_102813.pdfhttp://www.csc.com/innovation/insights/92142-the_future_of_3d_printing_services_and_manufacturinghttp://www.24x7mag.com/2014/04/3d-printing-a-disruptive-technology/http://www.economist.com/node/18114327?story_id=18114327http://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/http://venturebeat.com/tag/3d-printing/http://www.slideshare.net/FrostandSullivan/the-rise-of-3d-printinghttp://www.slideshare.net/UXTrendspotting/3-d-printing-26045823http://www.forbes.com/sites/ehrlichfu/2013/10/29/our-future-with-3-d-printers-7-disrupted-industries/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-industries-3d-printing-will-disrupt-or-decimate/http://www.dezeen.com/?s=3d+printinghttp://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/Objects-That-Change-Shape-On-Their-Own-180951449/?no-isthttp://www.hhglobal.com/blog/6-benefits-of-3d-printinghttp://www.dhl.com/content/dam/downloads/g0/about_us/logistics_insights/DHL_Logistics-TrendRadar_2014.pdfhttp://www.idtechex.com/research/reports/3d-printing-2014-2025-technologies-markets-players-000352.asphttp://www.techrepublic.com/article/3d-printing-10-companies-using-it-in-ground-breaking-ways/http://vimeo.com/57562941http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/3d-printing-industry-analysis?gclid=CJ6moo2npL8CFa7HtAodRSQAhghttp://gizmodo.com/tag/3-d-printinghttp://www.dezeen.com/tag/3d-printing/

Background material (2)

YouTube movies:4D printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow5TgVTTUdY3D printing time-lapse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gaC5BpXljU3D printing in space: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7nrUojLePw#t=47