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The Paradigm of Mobile Software Agent in Tourism Applications
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ENTER 2014 Research Track Slide Number 1
The Paradigm of Mobile Software Agent in Tourism Applications
Massimo MorellatoDoctor Magistrale Computer Science
PhD Marketing and Management
Bicocca University of Milan, ItalyAuckland University of Technology, New Zealand
ENTER 2014 Research Track Slide Number 2
• Introducing the context
• The concept of Software Agent
• Mobile Agent Paradigm– How to implement mobile agents
– Mobile agents technologies
• Mobile Agents in Tourism
• Implications
Outlines
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Introducing the context
The current vast diffusion of handheld mobile devices in the mass market is changing the way in which information is accessed and the individuals’ online presence and behaviour.
ENTER 2014 Research Track Slide Number [email protected]
Tokyo London
New York Rome
Individuals‘ online presence ...
ENTER 2014 Research Track Slide Number [email protected]
... and behaviour
Pervasive / Invasive ICT
Over usage
Early starting
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Mobile Web
Anything that benefit from being
connected, will be connected
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Multi channel – Multi-device
The advancement in technology built in smart-phones and tablets has enabled the development of personal ubiquitous features within a new set of context aware applications and services hosted directly on the devices.
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The concept of Software Agent
Started in the filed of Artificial Intelligence and considered one of the most innovative technologies for the development of distributed software systems (Jennings et al. 1998; Vinaia and Sircar 2003; Bellifemine et al. 2007, Beydoun et al., 2013).
“An autonomous, self-contained, reactive, proactive, computer system, typically with central locus of control that is able to communicate with other agents via some Agent Communication Language” (Wooldridge and Jennings, 1995, p 115)
Goal oriented
Reacts to its environment
Runs without continuous supervision
Performs functions for user or another programme
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The concept of Software Agent
Extended form single process to a computer system which presents attributes and characteristics related to:
intelligence
self-adaptation
mobility
cooperation/communication with other agents
Taxonomy for autonomous agents (Franklin and Graesser, 1997)
interaction with human users
meta-information processing
knowledge representation
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Mobile Software Agent Paradigm
A mobile agent is a composition of software and data that is able to (i) autonomously “migrates” between different interconnected computers and (ii) continues its execution after the migration (Magedanz and Eckardt, 1996;
Mattern et al., 1997; Pham and Karmouch, 1998; Morellato, 2000)
Mobile agent concept encompasses the area of artificial intelligence, networking, and operating systems (Vogler et al., 1998; Vinaia and Sircar, 2003).
Advantages in situations where Limited connectivity to the network
Bandwidth and latency problems
Ubiquitous and discontinued access to the Internet
Moves the computation to the data, rather than the data to computation
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Mobile Software Agent Paradigm
Intense use of network
Client/Server paradigm
Mobile agent paradigm
Migration and local interaction
Mobile agent can be “injected” on the Net to conduct targeted research, retrieve information in large data warehouse, fill out forms, synchronize social network profiles, monitor remote devices, assemble customized report, find good deals, and other tasks.
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Implementing Mobile Agents
Code transfer approaches
Source code
Interpreter
Compile tointernal form
Source code
Compile fortarget
processorand OS
Directexecution
Source code
Compile forgenericvirtual
machine
Compile fortarget
processorand OS
DOWNLOAD
Interpreter
Compile tointernal form
Directexecution
Binary Approach Source Approach Virtual Binary Approach
Directexecution(e.g. Java
chips)
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Mobile Agents in Tourism
Few examples of applications:
eGuides
Aids for visitors to museum, art’s gallery, exhibitions
Enriching visitors’ experience
Retrieving information
Update business CMS platforms
Negotiating deals
Find available services
Ubiquitous and smart content delivery
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Mobile Agents in Tourism
Few examples of applications:
Guide context sensitive tourist guide for Lancaster
Personal Travel Assistant planning itineraries on behalf of users
Gulliver’s Genie context sensitive travel guide.
Smart cities – smart tourists
Travel Mate system with multi-modal GUI developed for San Francisco
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Considerations
Today the modern mobile devices have enough computing power to make the execution of distributed applications directly possible for users’ smart-phones and information can be processed and rendered on the devices.
Users would need to access the Net to retrieve their mobile agents for the required
information instead of waiting online for information processing.
The integration of context-aware features with information acquired locally or on the
Internet can enhance augmented reality services with a less network usage.
The challenge for a public affirmation of technologies based on mobile agents relies in addressing security and privacy issues in a meaningful way. Ethical and legal dimensions are extremely important.
