The Emergence of Positive Technology: Potential Applications - Giuseppe Riva's Keynote Valencia ISRII 2014

The Emergence of Positive Technology:

Potential Applications Prof. Giuseppe Riva, Ph.D.

Università Cattolica del Sacro

Cuore, Milan, Italy

www.giusepperiva.com

Giuseppe Riva, Ph.D. WWW.GIUSEPPERIVA.COM

Keynote Speaker VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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Giuseppe Riva, Ph.D. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italyc

-  Professor of General Psychology -  Director of the Applied Technology for Neuro-

Psychology Lab. -  European Editor of the scientific journal

“Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking”

-  President of the International Association of CyberPsychology, Training, and Rehabilitation – iActor - http://iactor.ning.com/

Professional Skills

Clinical Psychology 66%

Cognitive Psychology 83%

Technological Development 51%

Ergonomics and Usability 72%

WWW.GIUSEPPERIVA.COM

Open Call for Papers h/p://www.interac7vemediains7tute.com/cypsy20/

Impact Factor: 2013: 2.41 – 1° Quar7le ISI


The open challenge for mental health VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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As underlined by yesterday’s keynote (Pim Cuijpers) and by this recent Nature paper, we need better ideas and tools for mental health.

Our solution: Technology


The goal of this presentation VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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The good side of technology

Positive Technology

Positive Technology In practice

Technology can help us to change. How and Why

Positive Technology can improve our personal

experience

Relevant applications of Positive Technology

The good side of technology Technology can help us to change: How and Why


Technology is evolving… But its use? VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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One computer for many users

One computer for each user

Many computers for each user

Thousands computers for each user

1960: Mainframe Era 1980: Personal Computer Era

2000: Mobility Era 2020+: Ubiquity Era

Source: Abigail Sellen, Yvonne Rogers, Richard Harper, Tom Rodden: Reflecting human values in the digital age. Commun. ACM 52(3): 58-66 (2009)


Technology is not making us better… VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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Privacy and Security

Ethics and Values

Multitasking And Technostress

Open Challenge: Using technology to change people lives for better… But what is change?


What is change? VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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Even if this question has many possible answers in general change occurs through an intense focus on a particular instance or experience (Wolfe, 2002).

By exploring this experience as thoroughly as possible, the patient can relive all of the significant elements associated with it (i.e., conceptual, emotional, m o t i v a t i o n a l , a n d behavioral) and make them available for reorganization.

!  Within this general model we have many specific methods in clinical psychology:

!  the ins igh t -based approach o f psychoanalysis,

!  the schema-reorganization goals of cognitive therapy,

!  the functional analysis of behavioral therapy,

!  the interpersonal relationship focus of interpersonal therapy,

!  and the enhancement of experience awareness in experiential therapies.

What are the differences between them?


What is change VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

11 According to Safran and Greenberg (1991), behind the specific therapeutic approach there are two different models of change: bottom-up and top-down. Bottom-up processing begins with the focus on sensations and leads to change at the behavioral and conceptual level; Top-down change usually involves exploring and challenging tacit rules and beliefs that guide the processing of behavioral planning and leads eventually to changes in sensation processing.

Top Down

Bottom Up

Source: Safran, J.D. & Greenberg, L.S.(Eds.) (1991). Emotion, psychotherapy and change. New York:

Guilford Press.



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These two models of change are focused on two different cognitive systems (Kahneman, Nobel Prize Lecture, 2002): System 1 (Intuition): it generates impressions of the attributes of objects of perception and thought. These impressions are not voluntary and need not be verbally explicit. System 2 (Reasoning): it generates judgments, that are always explicit and intentional, whether or not they are overtly expressed.

System 2: Reasoning

System 1: Intuition

Top Down

Bottom Up



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System 2: Reasoning Rules/Beliefs

System 1: Intuition Emotions/Simulation


Learning by doing: where Intuition and reasoning meet VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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Learning by doing The best way to learn how to do something is trying to do it and reflecting on the outcome (metacognition)

Engage and Motivate in Active Exploration and Learning To make individuals active participants by creating situations that challenge them to solve problems and apply new knowledge.

Apply Metacognition To make individuals active participants by creating situations that challenge them to solve problems and apply new knowledge.

To facilitate change we need to develop experiences able to engage (intuition) and apply

metacognition to them (reasoning)

Positive Technology Positive Technology can improve our personal experience

This question is at the heart of the “positive technology” approach, which is the scientific and applied approach to the use of technology for improving the quality of our personal experience.

WHAT IS RIGHT ABOUT TECHNOLOGY?


What is Personal Experience VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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The starting point of positive technology should be the concept of “personal experience”. But what is Experience?

According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, it is both as

“a) the fact or state of having been affected by or gained knowledge through direct observation or p a r t i c i p a t i o n ” ( p e r s o n a l experience),

and “b) direct observation of or participation in events as a basis of k n o w l e d g e ” ( s u b j e c t i v e experience) .

independently from the subjectivity of any individual, it is possible to alter the features of our personal experience from outside.


Technology can change personal experience VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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using a goal, rules, and a feedback system (reasoning)

•  The goal provides

subjects with a sense of purpose focusing attention .

•  The rules, push subjects to see the experience in a different way.

•  The feedback system tells individuals how close they are to achieving the goal

By Structuring it By Replacing it By Augmenting it

to achieve multimodal and mixed experiences

(intuition/reasoning)

•  Technology allows multisensory experiences in which content and its interaction are offered through more than one of the senses.

•  It is possible to use technology to overlay virtual objects onto real scenes

By replacing it with a synthetic one (intuition)

•  Using VR, it is possible to

simulate physical presence in a synthetic world that reacts to the action of the subject as if he/she was really there.

•  It is even possible tp provde illusion of ownership over a virtual arm or a virtual body



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Using these strategies it is possible to modify three specific features of our experience - affective quality, engagement/actualization and

connectedness - that serve to promote adaptive behaviors and positive functioning



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AFFECTIVE QUALITY technologies used to induce

positive and pleasant experiences

Hedonic Technologies

Social/Interpersonal Technologiesl

Eudaimonic Technologies

FLOW/ACTUALIZATION technologies used to support

individuals in reaching engaging and self-

actualizing experiences

CONNECTDNESS technologies used to support

and improve social integration and/or

connectedness



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AFFECTIVE QUALITY technologies used to induce

positive and pleasant experiences




FLOW/ACTUALIZATION technologies used to support

individuals in reaching engaging and self-

actualizing experiences

CONNECTDNESS technologies used to support

and improve social integration and/or

connectedness

The concepts of Positive Technologies are rooted in the research work of Positive and Cognitive Psychology

Positive Technology in practice Relevant application of Positive Technology


Practical Applications of Positive Technologies VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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AFFECTIVE QUALITY




FLOW/ACTUALIZATION CONNECTDNESS



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AFFECTIVE QUALITY


We add to CBT (reasoning) a real-time stress monitoring app (metacognition) and the Positive Technology app (free in the iOS App store) to induce positive emotions (intuition).



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We used group reminiscence (reasoning and metacognition) to help Elderly subjects to share their memories (intuition) with young generations


FLOW/ACTUALIZATION



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We used face-to-face meetings and a groupware tool (reasoning, intuition and metacognition) to help students to design an e-health App. Who experienced flow produced more creative ideas.


CONNECTDNESS

Conclusions


Key Ideas to take home… VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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1) Personal Change requires both Intuition and Reasoning. Learning by Doing and Metacognition connect/active both of them.

2) Positive Technology use technology to improve personal exper ience by s t ruc tur ing , augmenting and replacing it.

3) Using these strategies it is possible to modify three specific features of our experience - affective quality, engagement/actualization and connectedness - that serve to promote positive functioning

4) Accoring to the features of our experience targeted by the technology we have Hedonic, E u d a i m o n i c a n d S o c i a l /Interpersonal technologies.


Four Free Books for you… VALENCIA, ISRII 2014

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Interacting with Presence HCI and the Sense of Presence in Computer-mediated Environments http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/449569

Volutaren plus isa

Thank you for your attention

Enabling Positive Change Flow and Complexity in Daily Experience

(to be published November 2014) http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/449663

Active Ageing and Healthy Living: A Human Centered Approach in Research and Innovation as Source of Quality of Life http://www.activeaging.it/

Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation Empowering Cognitive, Physical, Social and

Communicative Skills http://www.emergingcommunication.com/

volume11.html