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Presentation by CIRA's CEO Byron Holland to students in the law program at the University of Ottawa. This presentation provides an overview of CIRA and its activities, as well as an overview and history of Internet governance.
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Canadian Internet Registration AuthorityByron Holland, President and CEO
Agenda
What CIRA does and how
Current Activities
CIRA History and Governance
Internet History and Governance
Questions?
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Mission
Operate the dot-ca Internet country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) as a key public resource for all Canadians in an innovative, open, and efficient manner. CIRA may carry out other Internet related registration activities for the Canadian community in a similar manner.
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Vision
CIRA is recognized as the leading Registry in the world, as measured by the satisfaction of our stakeholders, and the model for other ccTLDs
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Primary Roles of CIRA
Ensure effective stewardship of .ca
Operate DNS in 100% uptime environment
Operate dot-ca Registry
Manage dot-ca brand
Represent dot-ca interests internationally
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What is CIRA
The Registry that operates the Country Code Top Level Domain for Canada or .ca ccTLD
a Thick Registry that currently has over 1.2 million domain names under management
This represents over 800,000 individual Registrants of which more than 16,000 are Members
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What is CIRA
Staff of 42 FTE
Revenues of 11M$ and expenses of 10M$ for 2009
Has about 150 Certified Registrars
CIRA processes:800,000,000 DNS queries per day
4,000 registration requests per day
300 TBR requests per week
4M WHOIS queries per day
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Canadian Market Share: Current
Dr. Zook Q3 2009 Canadian Domain Names Report
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Total Domain Name Registrations
The first quarter of 2009 ended with a total base of nearly 183 million domain name registrations across all of the Top Level Domain Names (TLDs). This represents a three percent growth over the fourth quarter of 2008 and a 12 percent growth over the same quarter of last year. The base of Country Code Top Level Domain Names (ccTLDs) rose to 74.1 million domain names, an 18 percent increase year over year and a four percent increase quarter over quarter. In terms of total registrations, .com continues to have the highest base followed by .cn, .de and .net.
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What CIRA does on top of this
Develops and maintains its own registry software supporting 2 interface formats
Owns and operates all its registration and zone file servers
Operates the To Be Released (TBR) system
Operates WHOIS service
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What CIRA Does
Manages and enforces the Certified Registrar Agreement
Certifies and re-certifies Registrars
Manages major Certified Registrar Issues (financials, sales, going out of business, etc…)
Holds regular consultations and meetings with Registrars
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What CIRA Does
Manages and enforces the Registrant Agreement
Handles Registrant complaints
Operates the Manual Change of Administrative Contact (MCAC) process
Operates the confirmation process for all critical changes to Registrant entries
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What CIRA Does
Runs annual elections for the Board
Holds a formal Annual General Meeting (AGM)
Publishes an annual report
Publicly publishes the minutes of its Board meetings and audited financial statements
Operates the CIRA Dispute Resolution Process (CDRP)
Operates bilingually
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.ca Registrations
Because of legacy considerations CIRA registers many types of domains as opposed to simply second level as in .com (e.g. xyz.com)
CIRA accepts domain registrations at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th levels:
xyz.ca
xyz.on.ca
xyz.ottawa.on.ca
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. ca Registrations
CIRA allows the registration of conflicting domain names with permission
CIRA reserves municipal names for the municipalities e.g. only the city of Toronto can register city.toronto.on.ca or toronto.ca
CIRA reserves province names for provincese.g. only the Government of Ontario can register ontario.ca
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How We Do It
Strategic Plan
Consultation and outreach across Canada
Participation in international technical and policy forums
Offices in Ottawa
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CIRA Policies
Canadian Presence RequirementsFor Registrants
For Registrars
CIRA Dispute Resolution Policy
WHOIS Policy
Low barrier to entry for Registrars
Competitive Registry
Protection of the Registrant by the Registry
Registrants are the members of the corporation
Current Activities
Product Improvements
Registry re-writeExisting Registry software is 10 years old
Policy and procedure simplification
Loosen dependencies on Oracle database software
Multi-year project
Beta software ready in November 2009
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Product Improvements
DNSSECRFCs for adding digital signatures to DNS data
Provides authenticity of data
Adds secure delegations from parent to child, creating trust hierarchies (“path of trust”)
Provides provable denial of existence
Compromised name servers detected and ignored
DNS data manipulation detected and ignored
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Product Improvements
IPv6What is an IP address
An IP address or IP number (internet protocol address or number) is a unique number that computers use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a network that uses the Internet Protocol standard
IPv4 is the fourth version of Internet protocol
Uses a 32 bit addressing
Allows for 4,294,967,296 unique addresses
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Product Improvements
IPv6IPv6 is the next-generation Internet Protocol
Next widely deployed Internet protocol
Uses a 128-bit system to hold 340-undecillion (34, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000)
IPv4 address exhaustion
Network security is integrated into the design of the IPv6 architecture
IPv6 only in its infancy in terms of general worldwide deployment
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Product Improvements
IPV6 and CIRACIRA's root zone servers have been using IPv6 since at least 2007
IPv6 for dot-ca domains supported since Q4 2008
CIRA has just recently registered its first dot-ca hostnames to use IPv6
CIRA's outlook on IPv6Monitoring the decrease in IPv4 address availability
Ready to accommodate an increase in IPv6 domain host registrations
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CIRA HISTORY and GOVERNANCE
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CIRA History
University of British Columbia
Canadian Domain Name Consultative Committee
Founding Board
Canadian Internet Registration Authority
CIRA Governance
Not-For-Profit Corporation
Member-driven
1999 Binder Letter to CIRA:Recognizes CIRA as the administrator of the .ca domain space.
Requests a structure predicated upon:
Conducting CIRA's activities in an open and transparent manner that ensures wide public access to all relevant information;
Following fair and sound business practices;
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CIRA Governance – Cont’d
Binder Letter to CIRA cont’d:Ensuring an appropriate balance of representation, accountability and diversity on the Board of Directors for all categories of stakeholders;
Applying for domain names being as quick and easy as applying for domain names in other top level domains, and priced competitively;
Reducing conflicts between persons granted domain names and other Fights holders, including trade-marks or business names; and
A system that facilitates and encourages entry for new players including registrars.
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INTERNET HISTORY and GOVERNANCE
History of the Internet
Began in 1960s and 1970s as a tool for research and military use
By 1990s commercial services began showing up
10 years ago 100 million people were online
Today roughly 1.5 billion people are online – and progressing
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Internet Governance
Internet Society (ISOC), Internet Architecture Board (IAB), and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
Internet Governance Forum (IGF)
CIRA’s unique place
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Internet Governance Cont’d __________________________ ICANN Structure
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↕CIRA
Internet Governance Cont’d
Early Internet Culture continues: collaborative, multi-stakeholder, bottom-up
Can have reverse of expected impact
Single voice can have disproportionate influence
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Questions?
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