The AurigaGen Hydrogen Fuel Cell Back Up System

© Linnet Tech / Auriga Energy 2012


• Linnet Technology is a long established UPS systems

supplier and installer

• Established in 1989

• Covering the entire UK with offices in Stirling, Leeds and

Andover

• Providing complete range of UPS services with our own

dedicated staff

– 24hr service

• Suppliers to HM forces in Cyprus and Gibraltar

• Blue chip client list, including BBC, BT, BOC, BAA, Met

Office, Diageo

Linnet Technology

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Auriga Energy

• Delivery in the hi-tech Space, Defence

and Communications industries

– BAe, Matra Marconi Space, Astrium

– SEA (Group)

•Team of world class expertise;

– management, business development /

marketing, systems, electrical, mechanical,

software, integration and test, reliability.

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PRESENT

The energy sources for UPS systems is acid

lead batteries backed by generators for

ongoing electrical supply.

FUTURE

New technology now exists that shows

significant advantages over these old

technologies

UPS systems

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• Customer demand for environmentally friendly

solutions

– To help meet carbon reduction commitments

• Linnet Tech leading the way with the

introduction of hydrogen fuel cell UPS/backup

power systems for zero emissions with

partners Auriga Energy

• Auriga Energy is a developer of high efficiency

fuel cell systems drawing on experience in the

space, offshore and defence industries

Fuel Cell UPS systems

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First deployment

• In 2008, one of our clients, the Met Office,

requested that Linnet Technology and

Auriga Energy form a collaborative

partnership to support the evaluation of

Hydrogen Fuel Cell UPS and backup

power systems.

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1839 a lawyer invents fuel cells

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Sir William Grove

“the gas voltaic battery"


Fuel cells

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The drivers

• Concern on Climate Change

• Levels of toxic pollution

• Ever increasing demand for energy

• Dependence on imported energy supply

– Price of oil & gas

• Numerous governmental initiatives

– EU launched “post-industrial revolution” Jan 07

– UK Climate Change Act 2008

• Reduce carbon emissions by 34% by 2020, 80% by 2050

• Scotland commitment to reduce by 42% by 2020

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Drivers for Technological

Change

• Remote stations where electrical and fuel oil services are difficult

• Ongoing need to reduce maintenance costs

• Desire to remove diesel generators with inherent noise and environmental pollution risk

• Need for greater efficiency and long term cost benefits

• Effective technology that operates efficiently in adverse weather conditions and wide temperature ranges

• Technology that provides reliable operation after extended shutdown time

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Hydrogen as a fuel

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• Hydrogen = most abundant + oldest element

• Currently produced for the chemical industry

– Production growing with population and industry

• E.g. 2/3 of H2 produced by Air Liquide is for de-

sulphurisation of hydrocarbons for fuels without sulphur

• Readily available from UK suppliers and can be

generated near the point of use

• Combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce lots

of energy and only water as output

• Fast refuelling < 3-5 minutes

A sustainable fuel


Hydrogen storage options

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172-200bar

200-700bar


Fuel leak simulationDr. Michael R. Swain, University of Miami

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1 min 30 sec


This Technology is:

• Emission free

• Produces no toxic waste

• Virtually unlimited run time

• Reliable (no moving parts)

• Low maintenance

• Quiet

• Lighter weight

• Safe

• No diesel waste or spillage problems

• Potential for local generation of hydrogen fuel

Benefits

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UPS/Backup Power• A single solution providing both UPS

and backup generator

• Modular to allow growth

• Operational runtime virtually unlimited

– Can be primary generator

• Clean, quiet operation indoors or

outside

– No planning permission required

• Wide operational temperature

tolerance -20ºC to 50ºC

• Low Through Life Cost

– Reduced maintenance, repairs, transport

and disposal15


UPS/Backup power

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1. Cummins C11 D5 Diesel standby

power generator brochure.

Would require a crane to install

pr a large trailer.

2. Excludes batteries required for

both options, includes

enclosures

3. Cummins recommended service

schedule

4. Interval likely to be annual

dependant on installation

environment

5. Transport for London – CUTE

buses

6. Engine reconditioning/rebuild

7. Fuel cell stack replacement

Diesel engine

10kVA (8kW)

Fuel cell

6.6kW

Weight: 638Kg (wet) [1,2]

~200 Kg[2]

Noise: High Silent

Fuel: Diesel Hydrogen

Air pollution:

CO, CO2, NOX,

black carbon, odour

None (pure water

vapour)

Ground pollution:

Oil and hydrocarbon

spillage NONE

Service interval:

Daily, weekly,

monthly, 6 monthly,

annual

maintenance[3]

Minimal – only

filters[4]

Reliability: LOW >90%[5]

Lifetime: ~15,000 hours[6]

>4,000 hours[7]


Running costs

Diesel• C11 D5 diesel generator fuel

consumption = 2.7L/h

• Therefore, fuel used in an 24

hour continuous run = 64.8L

diesel/day

• Daily cost of diesel = 64.8 x

£1.409/L = £91.30/day [av.

Nov 2011 price – The AA]

Fuel Cell

• H2 consumption (full power) =

140slpm = 201,600L/(24h)day

• H2 density = 0.08988 x 10-3kg/L

• H2 consumption = 201,600 x

0.08988 x 10-3 = 18.12kg/day

• Price of hydrogen for large

quantity ~ £3.33/kg [ref US

prices at exchange rate 1.5]

• Daily cost of hydrogen = 18.12 x

3.33 = £60.33/day

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Potential savings per day =

£91.30 - £60.33 = £30.97/day

Potential savings per year =

365 days/yr x 30.97 =

£11,304/yr


Carbon reduction

• Rough point of ref.;

• Cummins C11 D5 is 1.65L capacity

• 1.6L ICE in a road vehicle emits 166.2g CO2 eq/km

using petrol (EU Commission Joint Research Centre)

• At an average equivalent of 50km/hr, C11 D5 will do

approx 1200km/24h-day in continuous operation

• CO2 eq. emissions per day = 199.44kg

Potential for over 72 Tonnes of CO2 reduction per year

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Running costs

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Diesel Fuel Cell

• Regular pressure/fuel

gauge check

• Filter change annually

Other Factors

• Continuing rise in the price of diesel

• Likely reduction in the price of

hydrogen as usage increases.

• Likely improvement in the $/£

exchange rate for the comparison

• The higher maintenance cost for

diesel engines


Why the Linnet /Auriga Fuel

Cell System?

• High efficiency modular fuel cell systems to cater for all customer needs

• Combined UPS/backup power function

• U.K. based developers and suppliers

• End to end solutions produced to the customers specific requirement and not oversized.

• Engineering support will be available across the U.K. on a 24/7 basis

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In conclusion

• The future zero-emission technology has arrived

• Linnet Technology and Auriga Energy for the

cost effective supply of zero-emission combined

UPS/backup power systems

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