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Presentation by Saidou Koala for the CIAT KSW 2009
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The African Network for Soil The African Network for Soil Biology and Fertility (AfNet)Biology and Fertility (AfNet)
Saidou KoalaSaidou Koala
CIAT-TSBFCIAT-TSBF
Cali 19 05 09Cali 19 05 09
The yield gap and the limitations that cause it
Potential yield
(Experimentation)
Actual yield
Yield gap
Biophysical limitations- Soil fertility- Water- Variety, etc
Which inputs are lacking?
Socio economic and policy limitations- Knowledge- Credit- Availability
Why inputs are not used?
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Yield Gap…Yield Gap…
Half of yield gap can be closed Half of yield gap can be closed through soil nutrients and improved through soil nutrients and improved agricultural practices, with the other agricultural practices, with the other half being achieved through half being achieved through improved seed and suitable improved seed and suitable development policiesdevelopment policies
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Bridging the Yield Gap Bridging the Yield Gap
Better technologies, Better technologies,
more sustainable practices,more sustainable practices,
improved crop varieties improved crop varieties
and fertilizers to improve and and fertilizers to improve and sustain crop productivity and sustain crop productivity and prevent further degradation of prevent further degradation of agricultural landsagricultural lands
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Bridging the Yield Gap… Bridging the Yield Gap…
TThese technologies have to be tested and adapted to the local socio-economic conditions of the farmers
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AfNet StrategyAfNet Strategy
AfNet strategy is embedded within the Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) paradigm and in line with CIAT new strategy of Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor and is operating within the two programs of ISFM and SLM of CIAT-TSBF
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African Network for Soil Biology African Network for Soil Biology and Fertility (AfNet)and Fertility (AfNet)
Established in 1988
Single most important implementing organ of TSBF institute
Network of scientists working in NARES, IARCs, NGOs, CBOs, and Private sector systems in Africa
Individual membership stands at over 450 members from East, Southern, Central and West Africa
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ISFM & Eco-EfficiencyISFM & Eco-Efficiency
ISFM is the application of soil fertility management practices and the knowledge to adapt these to local conditions, which optimize fertilizer and organic resource use efficiency and crop productivity
Eco-Efficiency attributes are embedded in the definition of ISFM (agronomic input use efficiency, access to markets and food and good nutrition)
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AfNet & Eco-Efficient AgricultureAfNet & Eco-Efficient Agriculture
Through the promotion of ISFM practices, AfNet will contribute to the development of an Eco-Efficient agricultural sector driven by novel technologies, functional multidisciplinary teams responding to end-users demands, constraints and opportunities
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AfNet’s Overall GoalAfNet’s Overall Goal
To strengthen and sustain stakeholder
capacity to generate, share and apply
soil fertility management knowledge and
skills to contribute to the welfare of
farming communities
1010
Main Focus Areas Main Focus Areas
1. Research and development activities (including synthesis of research results)
2. Capacity strengthening
3. Information dissemination
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Research and Development Research and Development ActivitiesActivities
Network trials implemented in over 100 sitesacross SSA & spread across 3 impact zones
Cover all aspects of ISFM research agenda: Management of mineral and organic inputs Integration of legumes in cropping systems Biological nitrogen fixation Below ground biodiversity Conservation agriculture Soil and water conservation
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1
2
3
4
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5
8
9
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1. Mali2. Niger3. Nigeria4. Burkina Faso5. Cote D’Ivoire6. Ghana7. Togo8. Cameroon9. Congo (DR)
Selected AfNet research sites
Koulikoro,Fana, Niono(ICRISAT, IER)
University ofAbidjan-CocodyLamto
Kumasi
Farakou-Ba,Kouare (INERA)
Sadore, BanizoumbouKarabedji, Gaya, Gobery (ICRISAT)
Zaria
Lome
10. Uganda11. Kenya12. Tanzania13. Zambia14. Zimbabwe15. South Africa16. Madagascar
Mlingano,Sokoine university
Egerton university,Nairobi university,KAR-KEFRI-ICRAF
Ndere dance TroupeMakerere universityNARO
University of Zimbabwe
Misamfu Research Centre, Chilanga
University of Kisangani
IRAD, University of Yaounde
15University of WitwatersrandUniversity of Fort Hare
16 FOFIFA
17 Chitedze
More than 100 research sites in AfricaMore than 100 research sites in Africa 1313
The Sahelian DrylandsArea: 1.2 million km2
Population: 38 millionMillet & sorghum belt: 23 million ha
Humid Forest ZoneArea: 5.8 million km2
Population: 168 millionCassava belt: 18 million haNERICA potential: 2 million ha
Moist Savanna and Woodland Zones
Area: 4.4 million km2
Population: 157 millionMaize belt: 32 million haCA potential: 7 million ha
S
N
EW
0 1000 2000
kilometers
Impact zonesImpact zones
Tactics for implementationTactics for implementation 1414
Innovation platformsInnovation platforms
Researchers
Extension
Agro-processor Input / output
marketers
RC/V = Rural Community/Village /village ()
RC/V
RC/V
Farmer group
Farmer association with a facilitating
function
ICT providers
Policy makers Micro-credit institutions
Education
Health providers
Transporters
Water/irrigation
Provides a forum and
mechanism for
articulating stakeholders’ demands
and matching
such demands
with effective
and adequate supply of
technologies and
innovations.Tactics for implementationTactics for implementation 1515
A Soils Platform for SSA
AFNet as a key player and future leader of the CGIAR Soils Platform
OutputsOutputsAfNet will contribute to outputs 1, 2 and 3 of
both ISFM and SLM Programs by:
Providing a platform for evaluating ISFM and SLM practices at benchmark sites
A mechanism for rapid dissemination of innovations and best practices
A platform for enhancing capacity and sharing of experiences among researchers
Building soil health database
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Investment Needs…Investment Needs… Proposal to AGRA 879,000 USD (good
progress)
EU-ACP call 792,800 Euros (pending)
ASARECA 115,422 USD for AfNet (good progress)
EU call 100,000 Euros for AfNet (good progress)
Many proposals in pipeline
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Looking aheadLooking ahead Strengthen networking to engage a wide range of
stakeholders and enhance the efficiency of ISFM and SLM research
Strengthen links between research and extension (using the innovation platform )
Develop strategic partnerships in capacity strengthening that identify and utilize the range of comparative expertise.
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Looking aheadLooking ahead……
Promote programmatic linkages with Universities and other educational institutions to strengthen curricula with appropriate and up-to-date information and teaching materials
Taking a lead role in the establishment of a CGIAR – Stakeholders Soils Platform for SSA
2020
ConclusionConclusionAfNet is creating a framework that is adding value to CIAT –TSBF ISFM and SLM Programs through:
Evaluating new ISFM and SLM practices and methodologies
Fostering interactions between ISFM and SLM Programs and the development communities
Reducing the capacity gaps (in scientific knowledge)
Active role in the establishment of a Soils Platform for SSA
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Yield GapYield Gap Research breakthroughs on
agricultural production Huge gap remains between
potential yields versus actual yields Degraded state of its soils and lack
of investment in appropriate inputs and improved soil management practices are main reason
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Location of some selected long-term Location of some selected long-term experiments in Africaexperiments in Africa
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Investment needsInvestment needs
Resources required for the AfNet coordination function and research (long term trials) as well as support to its stakeholders’ field research
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