Participatory Variety Selection of Elite Genotypes for Improving Rice Productivity in Zanzibar

K.J. Khatib1, B.K. Mohammed1, K. Senthilkumar2 and F.M. Idarous1

1 Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), Zanzibar, Tanzania

2Africa Rice Centre (AfricaRice), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

INTRODUCTION• Zanzibar (Zanzibar + Pemba

Islands) makes up one constituent part of the United Republic of Tanzania.

• She has a total land area of 2,643 km2

• A Population of 1.3m people, annual growth rate of 3.1% and population density of 490 people/km2 (National Population Census of 2012)

Introduction Cont…• Zanzibar has a tropical

sub humid climate.• Average temperature

is 27⁰C.• Average annual

rainfall of 1600 – 1800mm. – Long rains–Mar–Jun– Short rains–Oct–

Dec

• Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is thought to have been brought to Zanzibar by sea traders about 2000 years ago (Carpenter, 1978; Lu and Chang, 1980).

• Per capita consumption of 63.1 kg/person/year

• Presently, Annual demand of 80,000 tons

• Locally produced only 16,000 tons.

• Importation of 64,000 tons/year

Introduction cont…Production constraints include:• use of local varieties which have

low yield potentials, • Poor agricultural practices• shortage of good quality seeds, • Declined soil fertility (low usage

of fertilizers)• high incidences of pests and

diseases, • Salinity, droughts and floods due

to climate change • post-harvest losses etc

Objective To identify suitable rice varieties among elite genotypes withsuitable characteristics such ashigh yield potential, tolerant tobiotic and abiotic stresses andimproved grain characteristicsthrough participatory varietyselection to introduce them forenhanced productivity inRainfed lowland and irrigated ecosystems.

Methodology• The trials were conducted

at Mwera lowland rice experimental field, West District, Zanzibar.

• Treatments were the advanced breeding lines obtained from IRRI- ESA Regional Office with two controls (Table).

• The experimental design of the trials RCBD with 3 replications.

S. No

Varieties in Masika 2011

Varieties in Masika 2012

1 IR 09L325 IR 77379-33-3-7-19-B

2 IR 09N505 IR 06A 107

3 IRRI 146 IR08M110

4 IR 05N359 IR 06M 139

5 IR 02A149 IR77390-6-1-18-2-5

6 IR 08M110 IR 05N 359

7 IR 07M101 IR 09A 136

8 IR 06A107 IR 04A212

9 IR 07A166 IR 07A 167

10 IR 07A167 IR73680-3-1-14-1-4

11 IR 09A136 IRRI 154

12 IR 03A550 IR 07A 166

13 IRRI 123 HHZ-15-SUB 1-Y3-Y1

14 SARO 5 (Check 1) SARO 5 (Check 1)

15 SUPA BC (Local check) SUPA BC (Local check)

Methodology Cont..

• Nurseries were prepared for each variety separately and the seedlings were raised to 21 days old.

• The main field was well prepared to level.

• Plot size was 1.4m x 5m long.

• A plant spacing of 0.2m x 0.2 m and one seedling/hill transplanted.

• P and N fertilizers were applied at @ 40 kg P2O5

ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 respectively.

• Weeds were removed by hand at 13 DAT and at near PI each time before fertilizer application.

• Birds were scared from milk stage to maturity.

• Stakeholders were invited for PVS at crop maturity.

PVS

Plate 4: Counting of scores

Plate 1: Female Farmers inspecting the lines .

Plate 2: Male Farmers inspecting the lines .

Plate 3: Farmer selecting the lines

PVS RESULTS IN 2011VARIETY MALE FEMALE RESEARCHERS TOTAL COMMENTS

(+) (-) (+) (-) (+) (-) (+) (-)

IR 09L325 0 10 0 5 0 2 0 17 1st worst

IR 09N505 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 3  

IRRI 146 0 4 1 2 1 0 1 6  

IR 05N359 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 3  

IR 02A149 2 2 2 1 1 0 4 3  

IR 08M110 13 0 4 2 2 1 17 3 2nd best

IR 07M101 4 1 3 2 0 0 7 3  

IR 06A107 0 2 0 4 0 2 0 8  

IR 07A166 0 0 4 0 1 0 5 0  

IR 07A167 0 1 3 1 1 0 4 2  

IR 09A136 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 3  

IR 03A550 0 7 0 4 0 3 0 14 2nd worst

IRRI 123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  

SARO 5 (Check 1) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1  

SUPA BC (Check 2) 10 0 7 1 3 0 17 1 1st best

PVS RESULTS IN 2012

VARIETY MALE FEMALE RESEARCHERS TOTAL COMMENTS (+) (-) (+) (-) (+) (-) (+) (-)

IR 09L325 0 10 0 5 0 2 0 17 1st worst

IR 09N505 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 3  

IRRI 146 0 4 1 2 1 0 1 6  

IR 05N359 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 3  

IR 02A149 2 2 2 1 1 0 4 3  

IR 08M110 13 0 4 2 2 1 17 3 2nd best

IR 07M101 4 1 3 2 0 0 7 3  

IR 06A107 0 2 0 4 0 2 0 8  

IR 07A166 0 0 4 0 1 0 5 0  

IR 07A167 0 1 3 1 1 0 4 2  

IR 09A136 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 3  

IR 03A550 0 7 0 4 0 3 0 14 2nd worst

IRRI 123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  

SARO 5 (Check 1) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1  

SUPA BC (Check 2)10 0 7 1 3 0 17 1

1st best

Results on Grain Yield

• Line IR 08M 110 and SUPA BC variety were selected as best genotypes in 2011, and

• Lines IR 07A 166 and IR 77379-33-3-7-19-B were selected as two best genotypes in 2012

IR 07A 166

IR 77379-33-3-7-19-B

IR08M110

IRRI 154

IR 04A212

IR 06M 139

IR 05N 359

IR 07A 167

IR 06A 107

IR 09A 136

HHZ-15-SU

B 1-Y3-Y1

IR77390-6-1-18-2-5

IR73680-3-1-14-1-4

CHECK-1-SA

RO 5

Check-2-SU

PA BC0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Rice Genotypes, 2012

GY(kg/ha)

IR 08M110

IRRI 123

IR 07A166

IR 07A167

IR 09A136

IR 05N359

IR 07M101

IR 09N505

IR 06A107

IRRI 146

IR 02A149

IR 03A550

IR 09L325

Check-1-SARO5

Local check-2-SUPA BC

0.002,000.004,000.006,000.008,000.00

Rice Genotypes, 2011

GY (kg/ha)

Conclusions and Way forwardConclusions• Participatory variety selection

is potentially an important tool to select suitable varieties because of the involvement of various stakeholders involved in rice production and research.

• Using this approach, four elite genotypes with high grain yield potential under rain-fed and irrigated lowland conditions of Zanzibar have been selected for further testing.

The Way forward

Further evaluation of theselected varieties underfarmers’ conditions by comparing with local varieties commonly used by the farmers before they could be recommended for wider distribution.

Acknowledgement• ZARI • IRRI-ESA

Regional Office• AfricaRice

• THANKS FOR LITSENING

• END