1. ENERGY Luca Aranda Mendoza ngela Surez Cordero 2B

2. IN D E X Whats energy? Types of energy. Energy sources. Types of power stations. 3. 1. W h a ts e n e r g y ?Energy is the capacity of an object or an element to do awork.The energy of a body cant be created or destroyed.How to measure the energy:The energy is measured in joules (J) or Kilojoules (kJ) forlarger quantities of energy.The heat of energy is measured in calories (cal), orKilocalories (kcal).1 cal = 4.18 J 4. 2. T y p e s o f e n e r g y.Types of energy Characteristics Kinetic energy is the energy that all objets haveMechanical energy when theyre moving. Potential energy is the energy that objets havewhen theyre moved from their stable position ofequilibrium.Electrical energy The energy thats taken from an electrical current andmake the object work.The energy thats transported by electromagneticElectromacnetic energywaves. Luminous energy is generated by the sun orartificial light.Sound energyThe energy that is transmited by vibrations and soundwaves.Chemical energy The energy that is stored in substances and can bereleased or absorbed during its process.Nuclear energyThe energy that contains the nuclei of atoms andreleased during nuclear reactions.Thermal or calorific energy The energy that comes from vibrations of particles inmatter. 5. 3. E n e r g y s o u r c e s. Energy sources are natural reserves that provide different forms of en.ergy, which is transformed for particular uses.We use many different energy sourcesto do work for us. Energy sources areclassified into two groups: non-renewable and renewable. 6. 3.1. N o n r e n e w a b l e e n e r g ys o u r c e s. Non-renewable energy is the energy that are limited and has a recreation very slow, so they need million of years to form.- Nuclear energy: It is stored in nuclei of atoms. - Nuclear fusion: when two light nuclei join to Productionform a bigger nucleus. - Nuclear fission: when a big nucleus is dividing into two lighter nuclei. Nuclear power stations use fission energy. The thermal energy liberated from the reaction Transformationheats water and the water is convert into vaporized water. It produces electrical energy. 7. - Coal: Open-cast mines: when the coal isnear the surface, soil is extracted toexpose it.Extraction Underground mines: when the coalis deposited in the earth deep below thesurface, it must be mined underground. By sea: in big ships.Transport By land: usually by train. By road: normally by local transport. For energy: - Now adays: to generate electricity inregular power stations or for centralUsesheating systems. - Other uses:-Coke- Pitch and star. 8. - Petroleum: The platform built in thr sea is drilledon land or under the sea.The petroleum is extracted usingExtractionpumpsor natural pressure.The extracted petroleum containssalt water,rock,mud and gas.Oil tankers are ships designedStorege and transport divided oli into separate safetyreasons. Oil pipelines are enormous pipesthat lie above ground on the surfacein protected trenches.Transformation caused of crude oilTransformation and uses are used in industry and heatengines. Use: fuel, heat engines, fuel oil... 9. - Natural gas:ExtractionNatural gas extraction is expensive. It isextracted by drilling.1. Natural gas is transported from gas fields bygas pipelines.Storage and transport 2. The gas is transformed into liquid from LNG.3. It is transported by special ships.4. When the LNG reaches its destination, it isreturned into a gaseous state.UsesTo produce thermal energy in houses and toobtain electrical energy. 10. 3.2. R e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s. Renewable energy come from infinity naturall resources. Somo of these sources are:- Hydraulic energy: 1. Water is transformed into knetic energy.Production 2. This energy moves the turbines. 3. The alternator transforms the knetic energy into electricity. Rivers with a lot of waterTransformation Rivers in valleys with high grade. Its cheap.Advantages Its clean. Its non-polluting. Building power stations is very expensive. The destroy of villages.Disadvantages Affects the animal and plants life in the area. Catastrophe. 11. - Solar energy:To produce hot water by using flat solarthermal greenhouses and swimming pools. To generate electrical energy using solar Production andenergy. transformation To create electrical energy in heliostat fields.Its clean Big power stations are not needed. Advantages Its infinite.Sunlight depends on the season, climate ans Disadvantageslatitude. Solar panels are expensive for general use. 12. - Wind energy :Wind energy is created by the impression ofProduction andradiation on the atmosphere.When the windtransformationenergy causes the edge of wind turbine tomove the winds kinetic energy istransformed into electricity. Its unlimited and non-polluting.The coast of construntion and maintaining aAdvantageswind farm is low.There are many regions that havent gotDisadvantages much wind. Its are danger for bird. Wind turbine produce noise pollution. 13. - Marine energy :There some means for producting energy from the sea : Tidial energy can be extracted from the tides. Wave energy is taking from the movement of the sea wave. Ocean thermal energy is produced from the difference intemperature between the exterior of the sea and the low sea. 14. - Geothermal energy : This energy comes from rhe heat accumulate in the earths crust.If the temperature is under 150 C heat can be produced and if the temperature is over 150 C electricity can be created. 15. - Biomass :This is produced from plant remains, forest andagricultural waste, high energy plant and organic waste inwaste matter. 16. 4. T y p e s o f p o w e r s t a t i o n s. - Hydraulic power station:A hydraulic power station is a system of interconnectedpipelines that carriespressurized liquid that is used totransmit mechanical power from an energy source, ike apump. 17. - Wind power station: Wind energy is transformed into a useful form of energy, such as using: - Wind turbines to make electricity. - Windmills for mechanical power. - Windpumps for water pumping. - Sails to propel ships. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual of wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission. 18. - Solar power station:The solar energy is converted into electricity, if itsdirectly is used photovoltaics (PV), or if its indirectly isused concentrated solar power (CSP). 19. -Nuclear power station:A nuclear power plant is a thermal power stationin which the heatsource is one or more nuclear reactors.The heat is used togenerate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to agenerator which produces electricity. 20. -Thermal power station: A thermal power station is a power plant in which the mover issteam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and circuit asteam turbine which drives an electrical generator .After it passesthrough the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser andrecycled to where it was heated. 21. EXTRA WORK- Do you think wind turbines can produce water?The answer is easy. Yes.Wind turbines can produce simply drinking water from humid air. One turbine canproduce up of 1,000 litres of water per day, but obviously, it depends of the levelof humidity that is in the air, the temperature and the wind speeds. 22. END