Targeting Android with Qt

Espen Riskedal / cutehacks.com@snowpong

Introduction

About me,and about the talk.

About me

● Trolltech and Nokia

● Symbian and Windows CE

● Co-founded cutehacks.com

● Still believe in Qt Everywhere

Espen Riskedal@snowpong

We make apps

Purpose of this talk

“Teach you how to publish Qt apps in the Android market”

I have a vested interest.

Agenda

● Introduction

● Qt on mobile platforms

● Necessitas

● Publishing to Android Market

● Conclusion

2.3.x “Gingerbread”● Google Nexus S● December 2010● Linux kernel 2.6.35

Photo: flickr.com/quinnanya/CC / Some rights reserved

Qt on mobile platforms

A brief introduction on which mobile platforms you can target with Qt.

Today's mobile platforms

Supported by Qt

Almost supported by Qt

Some Android details

● 4 major releases

● ARM and x86

● Linux

● Dalvik

Well known models

Galaxy S2 Tab 10.1 Xperia Play

Android API levels

Platform version API Level VERSION_CODE

... ... ...

Android 2.3 – 2.3.2 9 GINGERBREAD

... ... ...

Android 2.1.x 7 ECLAIR_MR

... ... ...

Android 1.5 3 CUPCAKE

... ... ...

Android platform distribution

http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html

A possible future for Qt

1.6 “Donut”● Acer Liquid A1● September 2009● Linux kernel 2.6.29

Photo: flickr.com/quinnanya/CC / Some rights reserved

Necessitas

Necessitas is a community port of Qt for Android. Its founder and main developer is BogDan Vatra.

Installing Necessitas

● OpenJDK (and Ant)

● Necessitas 0.3 (3rd alpha)

http://bit.ly/qtand03 ● Linux

● not root

Default values are OK

Included components

Android SDKAndroid NDKQt, QtWebKit, QtMobilityQt Creatorgdb / gdbserverAntJDK

Adding an emulator

Getting a USB connection

● Enable USB debugging● Settings->Applications->Development

● Check connectioncd android-sdk/platform-tools./adb devices

304D1...6203B05E device???????????????? no permissions

● Restart if neededsudo ./adb kill-serversudo ./adb devices

Install Ministro / Ministro 2

A “Hello Qt Quick” example

● Qt Quick Project → Qt Quick Application● Name

● Target (Android / armv5)

● Next/Next/Next

● Add QtDeclarative

● Press Ctrl-R

Let's do it for real

Our “funky” main.qmlimport QtQuick 1.0

Rectangle { anchors.fill: parent gradient: Gradient { GradientStop { position: 0.0; color: "red" } GradientStop { position: 0.33; color: "yellow" } GradientStop { position: 1.0; color: "green" } } Rectangle { id:ball; width:100; height:100; radius: 50 color:"black" Behavior on x { PropertyAnimation{ duration:500; easing.type: Easing.OutBounce} } Behavior on y { PropertyAnimation{ duration:500; easing.type: Easing.OutBounce} } } MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onClicked: { ball.x=mouse.x ball.y=mouse.y } }}

Psychedelic bouncy ball

Added files explained

In addition to the .pro and .h/.cpp files:android/AndroidManifest.xmlandroid/build.xmlandroid/res/*android/src/.../ministro/*android/src/.../origo/Qt*

How does it really work?

Necessitas status

● SDK (almost) complete for

● Windows, Linux and Mac

● Qt Creator

● Deploy libraries and app

● Run app

● Debug app

● Signs the app

Popularity of Necessitas

● ~10000 downloads of 0.2.1 (2nd alpha)

● ~3200 downloads of 0.3 so far (3rd alpha)

● ~5000 views of my Münich slides

Necessitas roadmap

● Alpha3 (just released!)● Lots of fixes● Signing for Android Market● OpenGL etc.● ...

● Alpha4● Android Style● Menu integration● ...

● Beta● Refactor Java wrapper code● Promise BIC● …?

Porting an actual app

Nokia N9 / Nokia 700Samsung Galaxy S2

Changes needed

● Use the right QML file and showFullScreen()

● Hack around font issue

● Add app icons

● Set package name

● Set minSdkVersion

QML and showFullScr...

--- a/main.cpp

+++ b/main.cpp

@@ -50,14 +56,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

-#elif defined (Q_OS_SYMBIAN)

+#elif defined (Q_OS_ANDROID) || defined(Q_OS_SYMBIAN)

view.setSource(QUrl("qrc:/qml/Main.qml"));

view.showFullScreen();

#else

Font hack

--- a/main.cpp

+++ b/main.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

application.setOrganizationDomain("cutehacks.com");

application.setOrganizationName("Cutehacks");

+#if defined(Q_OS_ANDROID)

+ QFont boldFont = application.font();

+ boldFont.setBold(true);

+ application.setFont(boldFont);

+#endif

Setting app icons

commit a91fa2461ced0e75270b71c41ee80309e0697777

Author: Espen Riskedal <espen@cutehacks.com>

Date: Sun Oct 9 22:17:31 2011 +0200

added proper icons where it counts

android/res/drawable-hdpi/icon.png

android/res/drawable-ldpi/icon.png

android/res/drawable-mdpi/icon.png

Setting package name

--- a/android/AndroidManifest.xml

+++ b/android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

-<manifest package="eu.licentia.necessitas...

+<manifest package="com.cutehacks.fly" ...

Setting minSdkVersion

--- a/android/AndroidManifest.xml

+++ b/android/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -14,4 +14,5 @@

<supports-screens android:largeScreens="t...

<uses-permission android:name="android.pe...

<uses-permission android:name="android.pe...

+ <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7"/>

</manifest>

3.x “Honeycomb”● Motorola Xoom● February 2011● Linux kernel 2.6.36

Photo: flickr.com/quinnanya/CC / Some rights reserved

Publishing to Android Market

Sometimes the easy part is writing the app. The hard part is getting it published.

.APK format explained

● .JAR and .ZIP● Typically includes:

META-INF/ res/ AndroidManifest.xml classes.dex resources.arsc

● Native apps also include: libs/armeabi/

Two publishing options

Ministro

+ dev friendly

+ updates

+ multiple archs

+ space / bandwidth

- UX

- updates

- BIC

Bundling Qt

+ UX

+ BIC

+ custom fixes

- space / bandwidth

- less archs

- no updates

Bundling Qt with your app

Target one arch (ARMv5)

Set relatively high API level

Only include the actually needed libs

Disable Ministro dependencies

Beware of SSL certs

Here be dragons :-)

Publishing with Ministro

cd android/

ant release

This produces Fly-unsigned.apk in the

shadowbuild directory.

Getting an A.M. account

http://market.android.com/publish

You'll need:

A credit card with 25USD

A phone number

Name, email and phone

Paying

Credit-card needed

One time fee of 25USD

Order sent

Distribution agreement

We can publish free apps!

Sign up for merchant

We can make money!

Signing the .APK

Create keykeytool -genkey -v -keystore cutehacks-release-key.keystore -alias cutehackskeystore -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000

Sign packagejarsigner -verbose -keystore cutehacks-release-key.keystore android/bin/Fly-unsigned.apk cutehackskeystore

Verifying the signature

Verify signaturejarsigner -verify -verbose Fly-unsigned.apk 585 Tue ... META-INF/MANIFEST.MF 706 Tue ... META-INF/CUTEHACK.SF 1327 Tue ... META-INF/CUTEHACK.RSAsm 2932 Tue ... AndroidManifest.xmlsm 1500 Tue ... resources.arscsm 3064 Tue ... res/drawable-hdpi/icon.pngsm 1543 Tue ... res/drawable-ldpi/icon.pngsm 2347 Tue ... res/drawable-mdpi/icon.pngsm 86680 Tue ... classes.dexsm 164020 Tue ... lib/armeabi/libfly.so s = signature was verified m = entry is listed in manifest

Rename Fly-unsigned.apk to Fly-release.apk

Actually publishing

http://market.android.com/publish

You'll need:

Signed APK (max 50MB)

High-res app icon (512x512)

Two screenshots (min 320x480)

Title & Description

Upload .APK

Set name and screenshots

In the store

Installation UX with Ministro

Press app

Press “FREE”

Press “OK”

Installation UX with Ministro

Press app

Press “Yes”

Press “Ministro”

Installation UX with Ministro

Press “Install”

Press “Accept”

Press “Yes”

Installation UX with Ministro

2.0/2.1 “Eclair”● Motorola Droid● October 2009● Linux kernel 2.6.29

Photo: flickr.com/quinnanya/CC / Some rights reserved

Conclusion

Let's summarize and look at the future.

Summary

Qt on mobile: Potential bright future

Necessitas: Out-of-the-box with rough edges

Android Market: Quick and easy

Qt's future

Qt 5 – Qt Quick and scenegraph

“The next billion”

iOS and BBX

Open Governance

Information on Necessitas

Mailinglist for users:http://groups.google.com/group/android-qt

Mailinglist for devs/contributors:https://mail.kde.org/mailman/listinfo/necessitas-devel

Repositories:http://community.kde.org/Necessitas/Repositories

Wiki:http://sourceforge.net/p/necessitas/home/necessitas/

It's already possible

Fly inAndroid Market

Fly installedon phone

http://bit.ly/cuteflyhttps://market.android.com/details?id=com.cutehacks.fly

Questions?

Thank you!

@snowpong (Twitter)