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IIT BombayIIT DelhiIIT GuwahatiIIT KanpurIIT KharagpurIIT Madras IIT Roorkee

Preparation of Ganga River Basin Environment Management Plan September 26-29, 2011

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SWaRAIT BHUBESUJNUDUPUISI KolkataWWF-IndiaNEERICFRI 14th International SymposiumBrisbane, Australia

September 26-29, 2011Brisbane, AustraliaPreparation of GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLANDr Vinod TareINDIA

Ganga River Basin: 907,000 sq km; Nepal, India and Bangladesh Covering 11 States in IndiaGanga River Basin and the River GangaBhagirathi originates from the ice caves at Gaumukh (N 3055, E 797) at an elevation of 4100 m. Alaknanda, originates U/S of Badrinath (N 3044, E 7941) at an altitude of 3123 m.These two meet at Devprayag.


Upper Ganga Segment (UGS)

294 km UP to Rishikesh in Hilly Terrain


Upper Ganga Segment (UGS)Flows on steep and narrow bed, mostly rocks and boulders.Carries cold water, is subjected to much less anthropogenic pollution.Has highly sensitive and fragile ecosystem and biodiversity, andMost importantly considered to have potential for harnessing hydropower.


Hydroelectric Projects in Bhagirathi River Basin


Hydroelectric Projects in Alaknanda River Basin


Middle and Lower Ganga Segment (UGS)Middle Ganga 1071 km Rishikesh to VaranasiLower Ganga 1145 km Varanasi to Ganga Sagar


Middle Ganga Segment (MGS)Enters and flows in plains, meandering mostly on bed of fine sand.Has wide river bed and flood plain, and Most importantly modified through human interventions in terms of huge quantities of water diversion/abstraction and subjected to high degree of pollutant loads from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities.


Lower Ganga Segment (LGS)River has experienced considerable changes in the sediment transport and deposition.Causes wide spread flooding.Undergoes frequent changes in her channel path, and Most importantly is subjected to international disputes on flows and interventions made and/or are being carried out/planned.


MoA between IITs (MHRD) & MoEF forPreparing Ganga River Basin Environment Management Plan(GRB EMP)


Our MandatePrepare GRB-EMP which will restore Wholesomeness of the River Ganga


BeliefThe qualities of the Ganga water are:

Coolness, sweetness, transparency, high tonic property, wholesomeness, potability, ability to remove evils, ability to resuscitate from swoon caused by dehydration, digestive property and ability to retain wisdom


ChallengeGrowing population, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture

Continuously flow ( )Un-polluted Flow ( )

Protecting the river systemLongitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivityAdequate space for various river functionsEcological entityAdequate provision of soil, water and energy


EE13

Can not afford to Experiment with River Like Ganga!Precautionary Principles must apply wherever knowledge gaps and uncertainties exist

Apply modern science and new technologies but with traditional wisdomGyan Dhara + Jana Gyan

Supportive Capacity and Assimilative Capacity

Our Philosophy


Working: Parts to WholeOur StrategyThought Process: Whole to Parts


GangotriGanga Sagar

River with unique Ecosystem and Biodiversity

Socio-Cultural Heritage

Water Resource Management

Environmental Quality and Pollution

Geomorphological Changes: Erosion, Sediment Transport/Deposition And Floods

FGM

ENB

SEC

EQP

WRM

PLG

COM

GDMOur ApproachNATIONAL RIVER

GangotriGanga Sagar

FGM

ENB

SEC

EQP

WRM

PLG

COM

GDMOur ApproachNATIONAL RIVER

GangotriGanga Sagar

River with unique Ecosystem and Biodiversity

Socio-Cultural Heritage

Water Resource Management

Environmental Quality and Pollution

Geomorphological Changes: Erosion, Sediment Transport/Deposition And Floods

Our ApproachNATIONAL RIVER

GRB EMP*Main DocumentVISIONGoals & ObjectivesWRMFGMENBSECPLGGDMCOMPICEFL

Literature(SOA)Methodology(MTH)Data(DAT)Analysis(ANL)Suggestions & Recommendations(S&R)MISSIONSWork PackagesAreasEQP

GRB EMP :NirmalDharaAviralDharaEcological RestorationRiver CourseDevelopmentWater Resource DevelopmentFlood preventionSustainable AgricultureNavigation & RecreationFinancialLayoutStrategy Implementation ScheduleMonitoring MechanismsConcept Map

Nirmal Dhara OR Un-polluted FlowWastesPointNon PointSolid(non-point)LiquidDomesticAgriculture(non-point)IndustrialCitiesVillagesSmall DrainsOpen DefecationOldNewSewage CollectionTreatment


The Mantra:

DefecationAblutions Discharge of wastewaterThrowing of used floral offeringsRubbing of filthBody shampooingFrolicking Acceptance of donations Obscenity Offering of inappropriate praises or even hymns in a incorrect wayDiscarding of garmentsBeating andSwimming across, in particular Thirteen actions are prohibited on approaching the scared waters of the Ganga, namely:


UnpollutedFlow

Zero Discharge

STP

UnsatisfactoryPerformance

Cynical Attitude

Expensive/Unaffordable/Energy Extensive

ULBs !Nirmal Dhara OR Un-polluted Flow


Monthly Flow in Indian Rivers Why ZLD and Reuse/Recycle?Flow (Cumecs)


Why ZLD and Reuse/Recycle?Monthly Flow in Rivers Flowing Through Western Countries Flow (Cumecs)


Monthly Rainfall & Number of Rainy Days in Ganga BasinWhy ZLD and Reuse/Recycle?


"Environmental Flows are a regime of flow in a river or stream that describes the temporal and spatial variation in quantity and quality of water required for freshwater as well as estuarine systems to perform their natural ecological functions (including sediment transport) and support the spiritual, cultural and livelihood activities that depend on these ecosystems"Environmental Flows or E-Flows


JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecDischarge

Flood YearNormal YearDrought YearE-Flow, Normal YearE-Flow, DroughtE-Flows Concept

Environmental Flows or E-FlowsBuilding Block MethodologyConsiderationsGeomorphologyEcosystem RequirementsSocio-Cultural RequirementsLivelihood and Water Quality?


E-Flows LocationsS NoSiteLatitude, NLongitude, E01Jainwala3044'13.50"7821'9.85"02D/S Koteshwar Dam30 9'23.60"7836'6.78"03Kaudiliya30 4'24.54"7830'2.60"04U/S Rishikesh30 8'3.34"7820'28.99"05Balawali2938'8.60"78 6'26.27"06Garhmukteshwar2847'12.07"78 8'11.68"07Kachlaghat2755'5.52"7852'31.66"08Bithoor Ghat, Kanpur2637'40.44"8016'28.46"09Fatehpur26 2'15.92"8051'18.91"10Sitamari2514'10.95"8219'24.38"


E-Flows: LocationsS NoSiteLatitude, NLongitude, E08Bithoor Ghat, Kanpur2637'40.44"8016'28.46"09Fatehpur26 2'15.92"8051'18.91"10Sitamari2514'10.95"8219'24.38"11Maner2543'1.91"8450'9.93"12Ganga bridge2535'49.70"8514'35.34"13Bhagalpur2515'53.88"87 1'57.30"14D/S Kursela2524'13.39"8728'29.27"15U/S Farakka2456'9.51"8755'35.31"16U/S Dhulian2441'41.53"8756'43.45"17U/S Murshidabad 2411'48.50"8815'33.50"18Katwa2338'33.23"88 8'44.36"19Kalna2313'23.47"8821'58.99"


Aviral Dhara or Continuous FlowWater Resources Management Reduce Momentum Sediment Control

DistributedStorage

Ground Water Recharge and Enhance Base Flow


Ecological RestorationEnvironmental Flows +


Ecosystems in Ganga BasinStructural ComponentsAbioticBioticFunctional ComponentsTransport of ElementsFeatures of biochemical CyclingInteractionsEnergiticsProductionConsumptionFluxex of C, N, P, SMass balanceSubsystemsFresh water EstuarineWetlandsTerrestrialFlowingStorages/PondagesMain StemGangotriTo FarakkaArtificialNaturalTributariesFarakka to GangasagarHoogly - MatlahPermanentTransientDiara LandsRiparianCultivatedForestsGrasslands / ScrublandsChemical Characteristics FlowSediment LoadHabitatNutrientsSalanityDecomposablesRecalcitrantDissolve GasesToxicantsMetalsPesticidesProducersConsumersDecomposersPhytobenthosPhytoplanktonMacrophytesZooplanktonMacroinvertibatesVertibratesZoobanthosFishHigher VertibratesBacterialFungusCulturableNon CulturableAquaticExtra AquaticEcological Restoration


Sustainable AgricultureDemand Management

Cropping Pattern

Organic Farming

Irrigation Methods


Responsibilities of the Community&Empowering CommunityNational River !Policies, Laws and Governance


Active Flood Plane RegulationRiver Space

Permissible Activities

Valley Margin and Active Flood Plain


Ganga Basin Information and Communication Network


River Basin


Thank You !


Technology

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