Storm Protection

1Design. Create. Inspire. 1Storm Protection for the Luxury Home

Storm Protection For the Luxury Home


AIA Continuing Education Program

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education.

As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any product or material.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.


Solutions for Coastal Living

Luxury residences are frequently located in coastal environments. Discerning owners and architects expect their unique designs to integrate interior and exterior views without compromising the beauty or safety of their home.

Luxury fenestration manufacturers must meet and exceed these coastal design needs by offering integral solutions for this premium market.

According to FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), 75% of all US homes are in coastal areas that are often affected by hurricanes, flooding, and wind-born debris.


Storm-Resistant Luxury Fenestration

Architects need to ensure that the products they specify will meet or exceed their customer’s needs in coastal applications. Storm-resistant luxury products should meet the following criteria.

1. Certification - Windows & Doors have to be weather resistant & code compliant

2. Design Flexibility - multiple product styles, shapes, and glazing options3. Minimal Maintenance - extruded aluminum, copper and bronze cladding,

durable paint finish4. Component Durability - stainless steel hardware options5. Warranty - guarantee of product


Design / Build Factors

There are 3 major Design factors prevalent in the Coastal marketplace:

I. Code ApplicationII. Storm Protection III. Customization

Each factor addresses key architectural and functional decision making criteria of luxury fenestration products in coastal design/ build applications.


I. Code Application“Driven by Strong Storm Activity”


Hurricane Destruction


Enhanced Product Background

The demand for enhanced building products has been driven by the destructiveness of coastal storms. Hurricane Andrew’s devastation of the Florida Coastline in 1992 forced governments, manufacturers, and insurance companies to re-evaluate building products and construction methods. The result was an implementation of stricter codes, raising the level of construction, building materials, and standards for maximum protection against severe weather conditions – hurricanes, tropical storms, high winds, driving rain and wind-borne debris.

Fenestration selection in coastal regions is dependent on:

– Glazing Requirements– Design Pressure– High Velocity Wind Zones– Consumer Awareness

Manufacturers of storm resistant, luxury windows and doors must meet this criteria without impeding the creative freedom of architects and designers.


Code Requirements

International Residential Code (IRC) – per ASCE-7

Eastern United States Implementation – refer to chart

Impact Resistant Requirements

• Protect windows & doors in all Coastal Areas from windborne debris

• Minimum U-value requirements (insulated impact glazing)

• Zones 3 & 4 – meet D-Missile• Zones 1 & 2 – meet C-Missile• Design Pressures – vary by area

Source: International Code Council

State Status VersionAlabama LConnecticut X 2003Delaware LDistrict of Columbia X 2000Florida X 2003Georgia XLouisiana LMaine X 2003Maryland L 2003Massachusetts AMississippi LNew Hampshire LNew Jersey X 2000New York X 2000North Carolina X,A 2003Pennsylvania X 2000Rhode Island X 2003South Carolina X 2003Texas XVermont -Virginia X 2000

LegendX - Statewide useA - Adopted, but not effectiveL - Local government use


High Velocity Hurricane / Wind Zones

Zone 4 (Areas w/ greater than 140 mph)D Missile – Monolithic Glazing• Miami-Dade• Broward• Small Coastal Areas of Fla./ La. Panhandle, Carolinas, Louisiana & Texas

Zone 3 (Areas w/ 130-140 mph or 120-140 Within 1 mile from coast)D Missile – IG Impact Glazing• Part of NE USA / Central Florida, Fla. Panhandle• Eastern Georgia Coastline• Carolinas Coastline• Louisiana & Texas Coastal regions

Zone 2 (120-130 mph > 1 mile from coast) C Missile – IG Impact Glazing• Portions of Central/ NE Florida • Areas across GA- Carolinas coasts• Louisiana & Texas Coastal regions

Zone 1 (110-120 mph + Hawaii)C Missile – IG Impact Glazing• Large areas of Mass & Rhode Island• “ GA- Carolinas Inner Coastal Areas• “ Northeast Coastline VA-Maine•“ Louisiana & Texas Coastal regions

ASTM E-1996 Zones where impact glazing is mandated

Source ICC, ASTM


Design Pressure (DP)

Design pressure is the lower value between a building’s or product’s ability to withstand structural wind loading and its resistance to water penetration under wind load. Measured in pounds per square foot, wind loading is considered in both the positive and negative directions.

Positive Pressure

Negative Pressure

Structural Performance

Water Penetration


Note: Colored bands represent ranges of winds speeds but not necessarily “Wind Zones” which also depend on distance from coastline

Design Pressure (DP)DETERMINING DP

1. Identify wind speed velocity (V) in MPH (ASCE 7 wind map).

2. Determine building height.3. Determine nature of occupancy

to establish importance factor.4. Determine geographic location

to identify exposure category.

Source: International Code Council

Building professionals need to consider additional factors such as Building Shape and Gust Factors according to the applicable local building code or ASCE Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures to arrive at the final DESIGN PRESSURE required.

UNITED STATES WIND SPEEDS


Tornado Activity

Source: FEMA


II. Storm Protection “Withstand hurricane forces, and deliver

uncompromising aesthetics…”


Impact and Cycle Testing

C-Missile certified products are tested to withstand impact from a 4 1/2 pound 2 x 4 stud, 4 feet in length, at an impact speed of 40 feet/second. Products are then tested to withstand 4,500 positive and 4,500 negative pressure cycles.

D-Missile certified products are tested to withstand impact from a 9 pound 2 x 4 stud, 8 feet in length, at an impact speed of 50 feet/second. Products are then tested to withstand 4,500 positive and 4,500 negative pressure cycles. Please wait for animation to load


Impact and Cycle Testing Summary

Wind Zone 4Test Specimens

Wind Zones 1,2,3Test Specimens

3 Impacts, 1 unit(D Missile)

1 Impact, 3 units(C Missile for Zones 1 and 2)

(D Missile for Zone 3)


Storm Protection

Luxury window and door manufacturers offer products that incorporate intelligent design, while maximizing safety and protection.

Non-luxurious structural upgrades.

• Visible structural upgrades are not acceptable (unsightly brackets or locks).

•Brackets or locking hardware that requires engagement is not acceptable

• Traditional Styling (solid Douglas Fir or Mahogany with choice of cladding; extruded aluminum, copper, or bronze. Primed wood or clear finish wood exterior should also be available

• Superb energy efficiency performance.

•Maximum protection against severe conditions.


Storm Protection Solutions

Enhanced Design Pressure• Structurally enhanced for coastal environments• Meet and/or exceed Design Pressure + 50 IRC

Impact Resistant Insulated Glazing• Energy efficient and impact resistant• Meet and/or exceed ASTM E-1996 for C & D missile

Maximum Protection from Hurricane Forces• Tested to withstand “Category 5” Hurricanes for impact resistance• Meets Miami-Dade Code for D missile

Superior glazing options designed to withstand extreme weather conditions


Enhanced DP

Key Performance Criteria: Must be designed to withstand minimum positive and negative design pressure of 50psf (2400pa).

Standard SU

Structural enhancements for high pressure environments and coastal applications


Impact Resistant Thermal Glazing

Laminated glass

0.060” Interlayer – C

Standard glass

C & D Hurricane Missile Certified Insulated Windows & Doors

0.090” Interlayer – D

Key Performance Criteria: Withstand the impact of a C or D Missile to simulate windborne debris followed by a total of 9,000 pressure cycles that simulate a hurricane.


Monolithic Hurricane Glazing

Laminated glass

0.090” interlayer

Laminated glass

D Missile Hurricane Certified Windows & Doors

Key Performance Criteria: Withstand the impact of a C or D Missile to simulate windborne debris followed by a total of 9,000 pressure cycles that simulate a hurricane.


Interlayer


III. Customization“Allow freedom of style and functionality…”


Customization

Coastal Product Selection Deliverables:

1. Full Range of Certified products

2. Ample Design Options

3. Corrosion Resistant Hardware

4. Warranty and after sales service


Windows

Bow & Bay Access Hung

Custom & Specialty

Transoms

Casement PictureAwning

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/casement

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/awning

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/doublehung

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/access

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/custom

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/picture

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/bowbay

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/windows/transom


Doors

Swinging Terrace

Sliding Patio

Transoms

Sidelites

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/doors/patio

http://www.loewen.com/home.nsf/doors/terrace


Wood Species

• Coastal Douglas Fir (standard)

• Mahogany (optional)

• Vertical Grain Douglas Fir interior on all Sliding and Swinging Patio Doors

• Wood species selection based on strength, durability, beauty and fastener retention


Base material

When selecting a species of wood, consider the following:• A dense, tight grain is ideal for milling• Woods with a natural resistance to moisture absorption and decay are

preferred• A factory applied preservative treatment is more effective than a site applied

treatment• Luxury manufacturers and/or harvesters should have an abundant supply of

timber and practice sustainable forestry and recycling methods. FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certified timber should be an option

• FSC material is the only certified wood accepted in LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

• Independent test results for density, fastener retention, strength and impact resistance should be made available

Wood Species


800550580

1,233

0.480.450.40

0.45

Douglas FirWestern HemlockPonderosa Pine

Mahogany

Base material

Resistance to decay

* The Western Wood Products Association has slightly different values: Douglas Fir .50, Western Hemlock .43 and Ponderosa Pine .36.

Specific Gravity* (density)

Impact strength height of

drop causingcomplete

failure

Compression strength

(parallel tograin)

Compression strength (per- pendicular to

grain)

Hardness (load per-

pendicular tograin)

Weight overVolume

Inch Psi Psi lbf USFS Grade

31.023.019.0

n/a

7,2307,2005,320

6,773

710540420

809

ModerateSlightly to nonresistantSlightly to nonresistant

n/a

From United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wood Handbook, 1999, Tables 4-3b & 4-5a

Wood Species

Wood Species


Base material

Douglas Fir

Nail 189 98

Screw 527 392

Hinge 743 486

Source: MacMillian Bloedel Research – PSL 300 Technical Manual

This chart shows the force required to remove fasteners (in lbs).

Ponderosa Pine

Comparing the fastener retention of Douglas Fir and Ponderosa Pine

Wood Species


Long-Life Cladding Systems

• Extruded aluminum cladding - .050”

• AAMA approved

• Salt Spray Test

• Durable Kynar based paint finish

• Ample standard and custom clad options

• Heavy gauge Copper & Bronze (.040”)

• Natural and pre-patina options


Aluminum CladdingOptions in aluminum metal cladding include:

• Roll-formed aluminum• Extruded aluminum

Extruded aluminum offers several core benefits over roll-formed (stability, resistance to color fading, and durability) and is generally preferred in the luxury market

The minimum thickness of extruded aluminum in a luxury application is 0.050” (about the thickness of a quarter)

Aluminum Cladding


Aluminum Clad Palette

Standard Palette & Architectural Palette - Aluminum(36 colors)


In addition to aluminum cladding, luxury manufacturers will provide more exotic alloys such as copper and bronze.

Copper and Bronze Cladding


Patina Palette

• Copper & bronze are materials that will age and change over time.

• Cladding thickness should be a minimum of 0.040”

• Applied finishes provide a pre-aged appearance. Cotton gloves should be worn when handling and installing these units to prevent fingerprints and staining (particularly on natural units)

• 3 Patina Options from factory- Natural (unfinished)- Antique Brown- Green


Hardware Options

• Stainless steel/corrosion resistant operating hardware for windows and doors

• High performance options for extreme environments standard on Terrace Doors

• Door hardware should have PVD (physical vapor deposition) finishes for maximum protection against corrosion in coastal areas

• Limited lifetime warranty available (2000 hr salt spray test)

• Stainless steel strikeplates and concealed, stainless steel bearing hinges

Resists rust and corrosion, even in demanding coastal environments


Window Construction

Joinery and cladding• Mortise and tenon joints milled into a

tightly grained wood provide extra strength and durability

• Both single and double joints can be manufactured

• Mitre joints are inferior as they are structurally weaker and less aesthetically appealing

Product Design


Fit and Finish, Design

Is there excess caulking (“squeeze out”)?

Do the metal clad joints and wood components fit tightly?

Are there thermal bridges that may negatively affect comfort and thermal performance?

Sash warpage is minimized by laminating sash components with opposing grains

Optimizing wood fibre to reduce waste and manufacturing costs

Product Design


Warranty

Luxury window and door manufacturers have warranties that provide:

• 20 years of coverage on sealed units

• Laminated glass warranty of 5 years against distortion and obstruction of vision

• 10 year limited warranty for components

• 2 year warranty on labor


Miami-Dade

National Fenestration Rating Council

Window and Door Manufacturer’s Association

Energy Star

Certification

Canadian Standards Association

Efficient Windows Collaborative

British Fenestration Rating Council

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee

Luxury window and door manufacturers have certification from the following associations:


Q & A

New American Home 2006

Technology

Storm Protection