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Symposium on Small PV Applications
Status of SHS Dissemination
in Bangladesh
Experience with Physical, Financing and Technology
Shahriar Ahmed ChowdhuryDirector, Centre for Energy Research
Assistant Professor, Department of EEEUnited International UniversityE-mail: [email protected]
Monday; 6th of June, 2011
Highlights
Energy Scenario of Bangladesh
Progress of SHS project
Functional structure of SHS Project
Financial system of the program
Technical status and maintenance
requirements of the SHS
Bangladesh
Area: 144,000 km2
Population: 158 M
Population density: 1097/km2
Location: 20o33’ – 26o38’ (N)
88o02’ – 92o41’
Neighbors: India, Myanmar and
Bay of Bengal
Per Capita Income: 450 US$
Per capita electricity consumption:
236 kWh
(6th in South Asia, above Nepal )
Electricity access: 49%
Average GH Irradiation: 4.7 kWh/M2
Source: BPDB Annual Report 2009- 2010
Bangladesh : Primary Energy Mix (in %)
Gas, 45.97
Biomass
34.58
Petroleum
18.33
Coal, 0.75
Hydro, 0.34
Source: Statistical Year book of Bangladesh 2009
Power (Installed capacity 5823 MW )
Source: Annual Report of BPDB 2009-2010
230 (4%)
2638 (45%)
1466 (25%)
1263 (22%)
226 (4%)
Plant Type
Hydro
Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
Combined Cycle
Diesel
4822 (83%)
335 (6%)
186 (3%)
230 (4%) 250 (4%)
Fuel Type
Gas
Furnace oil
Diesel
Hydro
Coal
Generation (Total 27,470 GWh)
Source: Annual Report of BPDB 2009-2010
Public sector generation: 58%, Private (IPP) generation: 42%
Cost of bulk Supply (BDT): 2.68 Average bulk tariff (BDT): 2.37
728.56 (3%)
24316 (89%)
876.51 (3%)
517.36 (2%)
728.56 (3%)
Hydro
Gas
Furnace oil
Diesel
Coal
PV Electrification Program of Bangladesh
SHS Rural Electrification starts in organized way
(RERED Project) in the year 2003 with the support
from IDA and GEF
Initial Installation of the project target was 50,000
within 5 and half year in off grid areas of Bangladesh
Initial target achieved 3 years ahead of completion
date and US$ 2M below the estimated cost
Following the success IDA, GTZ, KfW, ADB and IDB
have extended support
A revised target is set to 1 M SHS by 2012
Starting with 5 POs, IDCOL now have 30 POs
Cumulative installed SHS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
2004
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
2009
20
10
SH
S (
00
0s
)
Year (-)
Start of RERED Project
Monthly average, 2009: 14,000 Jan, 2011 : 36,443 Monthly Average, 2010: 27,000 Feb, 2011 : 32,312Monthly Average, 2011 (Till May): 42,517 Mar, 2011 : 38,507
April, 2011 : 42,559Total Installation (Till May, 2011): 977,109 [51.8 MWP] May, 2011 : 62,763
Installed SHS by Panel size
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
In
sta
lled
SH
S (
00
0s)
Panel Size (Wp)
10 20 21 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 75 80 85 120 130
Market trends (SHS by Wp)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
In
sta
lled
SH
S (
00
0s)
Year (-)
20 Wp40 Wp50 Wp65 Wp75 Wp85 Wp
Functional Structure of the Project
SEEK APPROVAL
PROVIDES APPROVAL
DONORS
REIMBURSE CREDIT
IDCOL
TSC
PO/NGO
OPERATIONS COMMITTEE
PO SELECTION COMMITTEE
SUPPLIERS
CONSUMERS
APPLIES
SELECT
SEEK GRANT AND LOAN
PROVIDE GRANT AND LOAD
PAY FOR EQUIPMENT
SUPPLY EQUIPMENT
GRANT AND SOFT TERM CREDIT
SELLS SHS AND PROVIDE SERVICE
SUPPLY EQUIPMENT
Testing Authority
APPLIES for compliance
Provides certificates
PO wise installation (%)
GS
61.32%
RSF
13.91%
BRAC
7.50%
SRIZONY
3.82%
Others
13.45%
Partners of the Project
Government Sources necessary fund for the program Creates incentives (waiver of duties, tax benefits etc.)
IDCOL Provides grants to POs to reduce SHS cost and capacity building Soft loan to PO Technical assistance (training, logistics and promotional supports)
Donor Agencies [WB(IDA), GEF, KfW, GIZ, ADB, IDB] Provides grants and soft loans through IDCOL Technical assistance to the program
Partner Organization (PO) Select Areas and customers and install SHS Extend micro credit to customers provide after sales services
Manufacturer / Suppliers Sell SHS or its components to POs
Professionals Technical specification and impact assessment
Committees
PO Selection Committee Consists of representatives from IDCOL and
relevant government ministry and organization Select POs to implement the program on the basis of micro finance experience, financial and technical strength
Technical Standard Committee (TSC) Consists of experts from University, Engineering
department of government and IDCOL Determines technical standards, reviews product Credentials of dealers and approves the eligible equipment
Operations committee Consists of program in charge from all POs
and representatives from IDCOL Looks after the operational aspects of the program
Audits
IDCOL appoints independent organizations to conduct two types of audit:
(i) Financial auditThe objective of the financial audit is to ensure that thehouseholds’ down payments are accounted for properlyand POs are utilizing the grants and refinancing for theirintended purposes only.
(ii) Technical auditThe technical audit is conducted to ensure that only TSCapproved equipment with their committed quality areused under the program. Representatives of the PO andsuppliers accompany the technical audit team.
Trainings
PO personnelTo build awareness and capacity building among the staff of the POs’ and the consumers. Topics: SHS configuration, positioning of SHS, installationprocedure and guidelines with measurements, maintenanceand troubleshooting of SHS and batteries, guidelines formonitoring and inspection of SHS, marketdevelopment, micro-credit methods for marketing.Cost: 80% of the total expense is sponsored by IDCOL and the rest is shared by the POs.
For ConsumerSince SHS is entirely new to the households, consumertrainings are conducted regularly to educate them. They aretrained on how to use the SHS and fix petty problems withoutwaiting for the technician.
Other supportsFollowing supports are extended to POs by IDCOL:
i) Logistic support: Each PO is given a computer for efficientdocumentation related to SHS installation. They are provided withtool boxes, motorcycle, demonstration kit, hydrometers and batterychargers for rendering better service to customers. Major share of thecosts is sponsored by IDCOL.
ii) Promotional support: distribute publicity materials to raiseawareness and popularize the use of SHS in different parts of thecountry. Posters, leaflets, T-shirts, and billboards are distributed tothe POs for wider publicity of solar energy. TV and radioadvertisement are also developed and aired.
iii) Exposure visit: To experience with the diversified uses of the PVsystems and other RETs, visits to other countries are also organizedboth for PO representatives and IDCOL staffs.
Development Impacts
Provides illumination to rural areas.
Increases income generating activities e.g. working
hours have been increased for small businessmen,
weavers, tailors, hair dressers, and handicraft makers.
Students are getting benefits through extended hour of
studies at night.
The use of TV and radio has enhanced rural people’s
access to the outer world.
Study found that many women are feeling more secured
at night after installation of SHS.
Job creation
Partner Organizations
POs : 30
Offices : 2426
Technical staffs : 5700
Non Technical staffs : 6000
Manufacturers & Suppliers
Battery : 13
Charge Controller /Lamp : 22
PV Panels : > 100
Fund flow
As of November, 2010 the POs are enjoying an average collection efficiency (Loan repayment rate) of 97%
Grant and Loan
DonorGovernmentIDCOL
PO Customer
Grant and Loan
Debt service of loan
Grant and Loan
Debt service of loan
Grant and Loan
Debt service of loan
Debt service of Loan
Refinancing
IDA ADB IDBTenure 20 20 20Grace Period 5 8 7Interest rate 3% per annum 3-5% 3% per annumRepayment frequency Semi-annual Semi-annual Semi-annual
Donor agencies to IDCOL
IDCOL to PO
Tenure 1-5 years
Interest rate (declining balance) 12%-15% per annum
Repayment frequency Monthly
PO to Customer
Tenure 6-8 years Grace period 1-2 yearsInterest rate (declining balance) 6%-8% per annumRepayment frequency Semi-annual
Financial status
Source Credit (Millions) Grant (Millions)
SHS Amount SHS Amount
IDA & GEF 491,000 US$ 124 75,000 US$ 7
KfW - 371,000 € 15
GTZ - 189,000 € 8
ADB 128,000 US$ 33
IDB 60,000 US$ 16
GPOBA 232,600 US$ 7
Total 679,000 US$ 173 867,600 US$ 14 &
€ 23
Till June, 2010
Financial support reduction scheme
Item
Amount of grant available per SHS
Total Buy-down grant Institutional
development grant
First 20,000 $ 90 $ 70 $ 20
Next 20,000 $ 70 $ 55 $ 15
Next 35,000 $ 50 $ 40 $ 10
Next 88,160 € 38 € 30 € 8
Next 35,000 € 36 € 30 € 6
Next 235,000 € 34 € 30 € 4
Next 100,000 € 28 € 25 € 3
Next 72,000 € 22 € 20 € 2
Price breakdown for typical SHS system
Component 20 Wp 40 Wp 50 Wp 65 Wp% of
Total
Solar Panel 3330 6660 8325 10820 25 31
Battery 3850 6460 8800 10780 29 31
Charge Controller 850 850 850 850 3 6
Lamp Sets 1000 1700 2000 2500 7
Other Accessories 2000 3800 4800 5500 15 17
Transportation 400 500 500 700 2 3
Installation Cost 400 500 500 700 2 3
Operational Cost 1500 2000 2500 3000 9 11
Total Cost 13,330 22,470 28,275 34,850
1 Euro= 105 BDT
Figures is in BDT
Panel 2.38 $/Wp
Findings from the last Technical Audit
I. Field observation and testing
60 SHS visited out of 300,000
6 out of 15 Partner Organisations visited
II. Manufacturer’s factory visit
4 Battery Manufactures
6 Charge Controller Manufacturers
5 Lamp Manufacturers
III. Laboratory Testing
SHS components (Batteries, Charge Controllers, Lamp Circuits)
Approach of the audit
Azimuth, Tilt and shading of the installed panels)
Figures is in BDT
LVD and HVD of the installed charge controllers
Self consumption of the charge controllers
0
10
20
30
40
50
G1 . H1 . I1 . J1 . K1 . L1 .
Self
co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
mA
)
Manufacturer
Deviation of the rated capacity (batteries)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
A 1 A 2 A 3 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 C 1 C 2 D 1 D 2 D 3
No
rmalized
rate
d C
ap
acit
y (
%)
Battery Manufacturer
Specific gravity of the charged and discharged batteries
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
A 1 A 2 A 3 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 C 1 C 2 D 1 D 2 D 3
Sp
. G
ravit
y (
-)
Manufacturer
DischargedCharged
0
20
40
60
80
100
P 1 P 2 Q 1 Q 2 R 1 R 2 S 1 S 2 T 1 T 2
Inve
rte
r e
ffic
ien
cy (
%)
Manufacturer
at LVD at HVD
Efficiency of the lamp circuit (Inverter)
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
P 1 P 2 Q 1 Q 2 R 1 R 2 S 1 S 2 T 1 T 2
Cre
st
fac
tor
(-)
Manufacturer
at LVD at HVD
Crest factor of the lamp circuit (Inverter)
Voltage and current waveform of the inverter
Voltage waveform Current waveform
0
20
40
60
80
100
< 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 >5
acceptable [%] unacceptable [%]
Sample size: 180Age of system
Quality of switch of the installed systems (contact resistance)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
P Q R S T U V W
POs
acceptable unacceptable
Voltage drop in the connected wire
Recommendations after Technical Audit
Well equipped national testing facility
Mobile equipment testers for field testing
A strong independent quality control mechanism
Upgrading the technical standards
Standard packages for SHS
Educating consumers in operation and maintenance
Proper training facilities for the field technicians
Emphasis on Loss Reduction by use of appropriate components