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GESSISoftware Engineering for Information Systems Group
DEFINITION AND USE OF SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
PATTERNS IN RE ACTIVITIES
Doctoral Symposium @ REFSQ’14 – 07/04/201420th International Working Conference on Requirements
Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality
Cristina Palomares
Advisors: Xavier Franch, Carme QuerGroup of Software and Service Engineering (GESSI@UPC)
Outline
2
1. Motivation2. Research Questions3. Proposed approach
What has been done What is pending to do
4. Research Methodology5. Conclusions
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
Motivation - The Importance of Requirements
• Basis of every IT project
• If not elicited properly, the project will fail in some way Requirements problems are difficult and costly to solve
• RE goal: unambiguous, complete and consistent requirements
• Some interesting study facts: Top 2 factors of project failure [Standish Group, 1995]
• Incomplete requirements (13’1%) • Lack of user involvement during RE (12’4%)
RE weak maturity level (30%) [Swiss IT Company, 2012]
Requirements Problems [Swiss IT Company, 2012]
• Ambiguousness (74’5%)• Incompleteness (73’6%)• Inconsistency (61’1%) 3
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
Motivation – Requirements Reuse
• Efficiently eliciting, validating and documenting requirements Better quality in requirements specification More effective engineering processes
• Different requirements reuse approaches
• Requirements reuse through patterns “Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in
our environment, and then describes the solution to that problem.” Christopher Alexander [Ale77]
Software Patterns Patterns for RE
• E.g.: Analysis patterns, Requirement patterns, Product family variability patterns, …
• Approaches restricted to small-scale academic examples4
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
Motivation – Putting Everything Together
5
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
High importance of requirements
Not well accepted requirements reuse technique
Well-known requirement problems
Patterns well accepted as reuse technique
Software Require- ment Patterns &
Framework
The final quality of an IT project depends on its requirements specification
Restricted to small-scale academic examples or particular company problems
Ambiguous, incomplete and inconsistent requirements
Lots of different proposals for software patterns
Research Questions
6
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
Which are the existent approaches to the notion of pattern in the context of RE knowledge reuse?
What is the best structure and semantics software requirement patterns (SRP) should have to be applied over F, NF and NT requirements and to improve the quality of the specifications?
How SRP can be integrated in the RE stage techniques and processes so their application gives benefits that justify the cost of their adoption?
Does the proposed framework give benefits and drive to higher quality SRS when applied into RE activities?
- Define Software Requirement Patterns (SRP), encapsulating textual reqs- Define the PABRE framework (PAtterns Based Requirements Elicitation) to
facilitate SRP use.
RQ1
RQ2
RQ3
RQ4
• PAtterns Based Requirements Elicitation (PABRE) Framework Use SRP to capture and use requirements knowledge
• Software Requirements Patterns (SRP) Solution: template that generate natural language requirements Context-problem: information to identify SRP applicability Classification: using classification schemas
• Benefits Less time required in recurrent requirements elicitation
• More time for creative requirements Improved quality of requirements specifications
• Consistency, Non-ambiguity, Completeness
Proposed Approach – The PABRE framework
7
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
Proposed Approach – The PABRE framework
8
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
Supplier Economic InformationGoal: Assessing the economic situation of the supplier
Economic Situation Information Form
• Fixed: The supplier shall provide economic information of its company.
• Extended 1: The supplier shall provide information of it’s company’s turnover on the last amountOfTime timeUnit.
• Extended 2: The supplier shall provide information of its company’s net income on the last amountOfTime timeUnit.
• Fixed part cannot be applied more than once.
• Extended 1 and Extended 2 parts cannot be applied more than once.
SRP
Part
sCo
nstr
aint
s
Economic Situation Prerequisites Form
• Fixed: The supplier shall fulfill some economic situation prerequisites.
• Extended 1: The supplier's company shall have a minimum net income of amount currencyUnit on the last amountOfTime timeUnit.
• Extended 2: The supplier’s company shall have a minimum turnover of amount currencyUnit on the last amountOfTime timeUnit.
• Fixed part cannot be applied more than once.• Extended 1 and Extended 2 can be applied more than
once if they are applied with disjoint values for the parameters (amount, amountOfTime).
• Soft Constraint. Extended 1 and Extended 2 applications should use the same currencyUnit and timeUnit.
SRP
Part
sCo
nstr
aint
s
Does the Customer requires specific conditions on the economic situation of the supplier?
Parameter Metrics
amount, amountOfTime: integer (inv: integer must be greater than 0)timeUnit: domain {years, months, ...}currencyUnit: domain {USD, EUR, GBP, JPV, ...}
Proposed Approach – What has been done
9
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ1. Systematic Literature Review What is the State of the Art to reuse knowledge during RE using
patterns?
RQ2. SRP: Semantics and Structure definition
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
RQ4. Validation Frameworks assets validation separately Online questionnaires
Proposed Approach – What has been done
10
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ1. Systematic Literature Review What is the State of the Art to reuse knowledge during RE using
patterns?
RQ2. SRP: Semantics and Structure definition
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
RQ4. Validation Frameworks assets validation separately Online questionnaires
Proposed Approach – What has been done
11
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ1. Systematic Literature Review What is the State of the Art to reuse knowledge during RE using
patterns?
RQ2. SRP: Semantics and Structure Definition
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
RQ4. Validation Frameworks assets validation separately Online questionnaires
Proposed Approach – What has been done
12
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ1. Systematic Literature Review What is the State of the Art to reuse knowledge during RE using
patterns?
RQ2. SRP: Semantics and Structure definition
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
RQ4. Validation Frameworks assets validation separately Online questionnaires
Proposed Approach – What has been done
13
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
SRP ROI Model
Requ
irem
ent
Anal
yst Custom
er
SRP Catalogue
PABRE System
PABREMethod
RequirementProjects
SRP
& C
atal
ogue
M
etam
odel
Proposed Approach – What has been done
14
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
Classificationpart Core part:
SRP structure
Relationshippart
Application part
Proposed Approach – What has been done
15
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
Proposed Approach – What has been done
16
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ1. Systematic Literature Review What is the State of the Art to reuse knowledge during RE using
patterns?
RQ2. SRP: Semantics and Structure Definition
RQ3. PABRE Framework: Design and Implementation
RQ4. Validation Frameworks assets validation separately Online questionnaire
• Requirements reuse state of the practice• PABRE requirement patterns opinion
Proposed Approach – What is pending to do
17
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
RQ1. Maintaining SLR up-to-date (RQ1)
RQ1. Study of requirements reuse in RMTs
RQ2. Improve SRP relationships
RQ3. Evolving PABRE framework assets Methods for SRP usage and evolution Economic model PABRE System
RQ4. Validation Finishing online survey
• Complement with semi-structured interviews Case study
Research Methodology
18
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
• Started as a response to TUDOR needs
• Scientific paradigm1. Problem definition
• TUDOR• Literature
2. Scientific problem definition• RQs
3. Solution design • Studying SRS• Literature
4. Empirical evaluation
Conclusions
19
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
• Software Requirements Patterns (SRP) Textual requirements reuse using templates Embraced inside the PABRE Framework
1. SRP & Catalogue metamodel2. SRP Catalogue with 29 NF-SRP, 37 NT-SRP and 45 F-SRP3. Methods for creating, evolving and using SRPs4. PABRE system5. SRP-ROI economic model
• Benefits Less time required in recurrent requirements elicitation Improved quality of requirements specifications
• Feedback on: General approach Ideas for validation Future plan for the PhD
References
20
Definition and Use of SRP in RE Activities
• [Ale77] Alexander C., Ishikawa S., Silverstein M., Jacobson M., Fiksdahl-King I., Angel S., “A Pattern Language”. Oxford University Press, 1977.
• [Standish Group, 1995] The Standish Group, “The Standish Group Report - Chaos”, 1995. Available at: http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/docs/chaos-report.pdf. Last access: June 2013.
• [Swiss IT Company, 2012] SwissQ, “SwissQ Requirements Trends & Bench-marks Switzerland 2012”, 2012. Available at: http://www.swissq.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/SwissQ_Req_Trends_2012_Web_EN.pdf. Last access: June 2013.
GESSISoftware Engineering for Information Systems Group
DEFINITION AND USE OF SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT PATTERNS IN RE
ACTIVITIES
Doctoral Symposium @ REFSQ’14 – 07/04/201420th International Working Conference on Requirements
Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality
Cristina Palomares Advisors: Xavier Franch, Carme Quer
Group of Software and Service Engineering (GESSI@UPC)
THANK YOU!!!!