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Poster by E.A.J. Cook, C.L. Gibbons, B.M.D.Bronsvoort, S. Kariuki and E.M. Fèvre at the 13th Conference of the International Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012
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Slaughterhouse Zoonoses Are workers reservoirs of zoonotic disease?
E.A.J. Cook1,2, C.L. Gibbons1, B.M.D.Bronsvoort3, S. Kariuki4 and E.M. Fèvre1,2
Globally slaughterhouse workers are high risk due to contact with animals
Slaughterhouse workers may act as reservoirs of zoonotic organisms
No previous studies in Kenya investigating zoonoses in slaughterhouse workers
Background
Materials and methods
1Centre for Infectious Diseases and Centre for Immunity,
Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth
Laboratories, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT UK
2International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI),
Old Naivasha Road, PO Box, 30709-00100,
Nairobi, Kenya
3Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment
Group, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh,
Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
4Centre for Microbiology Research,
Kenya Medical Research Institute
PO Box 54840 , 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Objective Determine the carriage
of pathogenic bacteria
by slaughterhouse workers
Outcomes Prevalence of enteric
pathogens and MRSA Risk factors associated
with carriage
Study site 45km radius from
Busia, Kenya
Study population 175 slaughterhouses 650 slaughterhouse
workers
Sampling procedure Questionnaire
Risk factors
Knowledge of
zoonoses
Biological samples
Blood, faeces, nasal swab
Sample analysis Parasitology
malaria
intestinal parasites
Microbiology
Salmonella sp.
Campylobacter sp.
Shigella sp.
S. aureus
Data analysis Logistic regression
- odds ratios for risk
factors to zoonotic pathogens
Results—to date
Figure 1 Map of slaughterhouses in study
area in western Kenya
Organism Prevalence n=394
95% CI
Salmonella sp. 7.8% 5.2-10.5
Shigella sp. 23.6% 19.4-27.8
Campylobacter sp 29.6% 25.1-34.1
MRSA (n=402) 3.7% 1.9-5.6
Thanks to the MRC, Wellcome Trust and the University of Edinburgh for supporting this work
Key findings
Cleaners are more likely to have MRSA carriage than other slaugh-
terhouse workers
OR = 4.34 95% CI = 1.1, 14.71 Chi-squared = 7.68, 1 d.f., P = 0.006
Workers with campylobacter re-
ported diarrhoea episode in previ-
ous 3 months OR = 1.73 95% CI = 1.01, 2.94
Chi-squared = 4.64, 1 d.f., P = 0.031
Workers with salmonella did not re-
port diarrhoea suggesting asympto-matic carriage
OR = 1.53 CI = 0.59, 3.63 Chi-squared = 1.06, 1 d.f., P = 0.304
Knowledge and practices Percent n=402
Knowledge of zoonoses 32.1
Know meat carries disease 46.0
Wear protective clothing 48.3
Report injuries monthly 26.0
Eat at the slaughterhouse 15.7
Slaughter sick animals 19.4
Table 1 Prevalence of enteric pathogens and MRSA in
slaughterhouse workers
Conclusions and Future plans
Hygiene in slaughterhouses in western Kenya is poor
Asymptomatic carriage of pathogenic bacteria has been established
NEXT STEP: Genotyping isolates for relatedness and antibiotic resistance