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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Visit: http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/Plants_Human/lecppt/flower.ppt
Alternation of Generations in Plants
Life Cycle of a Typical Animal
Life Cycle of a Typical Plant
Flowers and Fossils
The Rise and Fall of Dinosaurs• Dinosaurs are found in the
fossil record starting about 230 million years ago.
• The last dinosaurs bcame extinct about 65 million years ago.
• Impact Hypothesis: A 10km-wide meteorite had smashed into the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, causing worldwide forest fires, tsunamis several kilometres high, and an 'impact winter'
The Rise and Fall of Dinosaurs• Evidence prior to impact
that diversity of dinosaur species was on the decline.
• Climate change?
• Rise of Angiosperms?– Sometime in the Mid-
Cretaceous Period; between 144 to 65 Million Years Ago
– Corresponds with a decline of the gymnosperms and rise of animal groups
Why Dinosaurs Went Extinct!
The Far Side by Gary Larson.
Basic Flower Structure
stigma
style
ovary
locule
ovule
carpelgynoecium
pollen
anther
filament stamenandroecium
petal
corolla
perianthsepalcalyx
receptacle
pedicelPerianth is complete
Flower is perfectFlower is monoecious
Some Example Stories:
Perfect Flowers: Pea exclusively self-pollinating
Hibiscus self-pollinating if not crossed
Cherry self-incompatible only outcrosses
Imperfect Flowers: Begonia unisexual but monoecious
Holly unisexual and dioecious
Variable: Cucumber male, perfect, female, parthenocarpic
Basic Flower Structure
stigma
style
ovary
locule
ovule
carpelgynoecium
pollen
anther
filament stamenandroecium
petal
corolla
perianthsepalcalyx
receptacle
pedicelPerianth is complete
Flower is perfectFlower is monoecious
superior
Flower is hypogynous
Pistil is simple
Ovary SuperiorFlower Hypogynous
Flower Perigynous
Flower EpigynousOvary Inferior
Ovary Half-Superior
Ovary Half-Inferior
Ranunculus acris - buttercupFlower Structure - review
Basic Flower Structure
stigma
style
ovary
locule
ovule
carpelgynoecium
pollen
anther
filament stamenandroecium
petal
corolla
perianthsepalcalyx
receptacle
pedicelPerianth is complete
Flower is perfectFlower is monoecious
superior
Flower is hypogynous
Pistil is simple
This longitudinal section view does not allow us to consider symmetry
Symmetry: *=radial †=bilateral
Flower Formula: Symbol Sequence to Diagram Flower
Number of Parts per Whorl:• sepals in calyx
Fusion within whorl:curved line over number
Fusion between whorls:square bracket below numbers
Attachment of flower parts relative to ovary:horizontal line
** 5, 5, , 5* 5,* 5, 5, ,* 5, 5,
• petals in corolla• stamens in androecium• carpels in gynoecium
Ovary SuperiorFlower Hypogynous
Flower Perigynous
Flower EpigynousOvary Inferior
Ovary Half-Superior
Ovary Half-Inferior
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