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A durable cisgenic resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in Africa Field trial with GM late blight resistant potatoes

Sess08 4 gheysen a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

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Page 1: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

A durable cisgenic resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications 

in Africa

Field trial with GM late blight resistant potatoes

Page 2: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Partners in the potato field trial in Belgium 2011‐2012

• Wageningen University & Plant Research International

• Ghent University

• Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research

• Flanders Institute for Biotechnology

• University College of Ghent

Page 3: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Late blight (Phytophthora) is a major problem on potato

Page 4: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

• tekst:– titel (wit) op witte lijn; 2e regel mag, beter vermijden– lettertype: News Gothic, niet vet; groottes zijn getest 

• kleuren uit palet (1e regel)– hoofdkleuren (verplicht)

• blauw: R0‐G76‐B120 (achtergrond)• groen: R128‐G186‐B100)

– steunkleuren (voorkeur):• oranjegeel: R234‐G178‐B0• geeloranje: R231‐G82‐B0

Food security issue

21 million ha globally, losses about 10 billion €…

Phytophthora is a world wide problem on potato

Page 5: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Phytophthora costs in Belgium:• 10 to >15 times spraying / season• ≈ 1000 US dollars / ha• ≈ € 55 million / year

Page 6: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Resistant cultivars are the best solution

Introduction of resistance (R) genes into potato through, either:

– Conventional breeding– Genetic modification

DuRPh‐project (www.durph.nl) ‘Durable Resistance against Phytophthora’

Page 7: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Natural resistance

Solanum bulbocastanum

Solanum berthauli

Solanum stoloniferum

Solanum demissum Solanum mochaquense

Solanum chocaense

→ twenty natural resistance genes

Page 8: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Classical resistance breeding

Toluca

1959 2005

Often only one resistance gene

x

x

x

Repeat,Repeat,Repeat,…

Page 9: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Genetic modification                GMO 

Resistance gene

a

b

c

a b c

Durable resistant potato

10‐12 year

a b c

a

b

c

Cultivar characteristics remain the same

Page 10: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Goal of the Belgian field trial 

1. Testing the resistance of GM late blight resistant potatoes under real Belgian field conditions, compared with relevant conventional clones, including resistant clones such as Bionica and Sarpo Mira.

2. Contribute to the development of sustainable late blight resistant potato clones for the Belgian market.

3. Contribute to nuanced opinion formation on GM late blight potatoes.

Page 11: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

The potato clones in the Belgian trial in 2012 

From Wageningen UR (DuRPh project): GMO– 7 lines with sto1 resistance gene – 8 lines with vnt1.1 resistance gene– 10 lines with sto1, vnt1.1. and blb3 resistance genes All introduced in Désirée by genetic modification.

Susceptible reference clones: parent Désirée, Bintje, Nicola, Agria, Royal.

Resistant reference clones: Bionica, Toluca, Sarpo Mira.

Page 12: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

The results 2012  August 7

Foto: 3 augustus 2011

Page 13: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Results of the field trial

ResistentGMO clone

Susceptible parent clone

Not a single fungicide treatment to control late blight

Page 14: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Disease development in time

GM clones

Page 15: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Possibilities for African potato culture?  

– Resistant potato clones are the most practical solution to the late blight problem.

– It is important to have several resistance genes stacked to ensure durable resistance.

– Optimal resistance management: different varieties with different combinations of resistance genes alternated in time and space, combined with a little bit of fungicide spraying.

– GMO‐regulation? Transgenesis versus cisgenesis?

Page 16: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

Cisgenesis = GMO with DNA from a crossable species

Classical breeding Cisgenesis

• EFSA Scientific Opinion, 2012:The Panel concludes that similar hazards can be

associated with cisgenic and conventionally bred plants.

• EU Working Group New Breeding Techniques, 2012:Cisgenesis …. could be considered to be excluded from

the EU Directive on GMO’s.

RR

Page 17: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

European survey: % of people saying GMO‐development and use should be encouraged! 

Page 18: Sess08 4 gheysen   a durable cisgenic resistance to phytophthora infestans in potato and perspectives for applications in africa

GM‐Desiréé Bintje

Questions?