SAS Offers Water & Wastewater Treatment

Systems & Equipment

Our scope of activities covers all construction aspects of water and wastewater treatment plants from

solution to implementation.

SAS SCOPE COVERS

And More……

Typical Flow Variation

- Daily flow variation

- Monthly flow variation

- Yearly flow variation (seasons) Flow per Capita (Person) per day:

200 to 300 L/P/D

Typical Hourly Variation in flow And Strength of Domestic Wastewater

Adapted from Metcalf & Eddy Fourth edition 2003

Typical Composition of untreated domestic (sewage) wastewater

TYPICAL P&ID DIAGRAM

SCREENS

Screening is normally the first unit operation used at wastewater treatment plant. The screen is a device with openings, generally of uniform size, that is used to retain large objects and solids such as rags, paper, plastics, metals, and the like. WHY: To avoid any damages and blockage to subsequent process equipment.

SCREENS

SCREENS Classification

Coarse screens

Microscreens < 0.5 mm

Fine screens

6 to 150 mm < 6 mm

Hand

cleaned Mechanically

cleaned Static

Wedgewire Drum Step

Chain driven

Reciprocating rake

Catenary Continuous belt

SCREENS

Size of opening between bars

mm

Moisture content

%

Specific weight Kg/m3

Volume of Screenings L/1000 m3

Range Typical

12.5 60-90 700-1100 37 - 74 50 25 50-80 600-1000 15 - 37 22

37.5 50-80 600-1000 07 - 15 11 50 50-80 600-1000 04 - 11 06

Size of opening between bars

mm

Moisture content

%

Specific weight Kg/m3

Volume of Screenings L/1000 m3

Range Typical

6 80-90 900-1100 44 - 110 75

Characteristics & quantities removed from WW with COARSE screens

Characteristics & quantities removed from WW with FINE screens

Fine Screens are substitute for Primary treatment (I.e. primary clarifier)

SCREENS

SCREENING HANDLING , PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT

COMPACTORS Belt Conveyor

SCREENING HANDLING , PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT

Screw Conveyor Bagging Unit

FLOW MEASUREMENT

After Screens Using Flumes or Weirs & Ultrasonic level

measurement

FLOW MEASUREMENT

After the Pump station using Magnetic Flowmeter

PUMP STATION

Pumps Control

EQUALIZATION TANK

The main function of the equalization/buffering tank is to obtain equalisation of the wastewater quality (BOD, COD, TSS, nitrogen,...) and quantity (flow). The tank also buffers the wastewater during non feeding phases. The wastewater is kept in a continuous state of suspension and anaerobic conditions are avoided.

Aeration and Mixing in Equalization Tank

Aeration and mixing equipment should be sized to blend the contents of the tank and prevent deposition of solids in the basin. For WW with TSS in the range of 200 PPM: Mixing Requirements: 0.004 to 0.008 KW/m3 Air requirements to prevent septic & odour: 0.01 to 0.015 m3/m3/min Note: In equalization basin that follows primary sedimentation and have a short retention time aeration may not be required.

AERATION AND MIXING EQUIPMENT IN EQUALIZATION TANK

Surface aerators Coarse bubble

Pump Ejector Submersible aerators

Submersible Mixers

IBAC Integrated Bio Active Clarifier

Upper Concentric zones: Aerobic Zone Anoxic Zone Clarification Zone

Lower Zones: Facultative Zone Anaerobic Zone Sludge Treatment Zone

IBAC Treatment Zones

ANO

XIC

ANO

XIC

Aeration

Cla

rific

atio

n C

larif

icat

ion

Facultative

Anaerobic Sludge Treatment

Ideal , compact and economical solution for Municipal & Industrial Wastewater treatment

and reuse

IBAC ADVANTAGES Innovative, evaluated, tested and in use.

The technology serves a wide range of applications

Typical plant size is more than 50% smaller in footprint

Typical plant maintenance and operator costs are 50% less

Municipal and industrial discharges can be co-treated

Typically 70% less sludge is produced - low hauling costs

Sludge is stabilized and does not need dewatering

Harmful nutrients are removed to preserve water bodies

Automated compact plants are easy to manage and secure

Global remote monitoring and remote control option

Operator friendly and doesn’t require operator presence 24/7

IBAC CONSTRUCTION 1. IBAC CYLINDRICAL VESSEL ALTERNATIVES:

Concrete vessel for permanent sites Vessel with steel panels for movable and permanent sites Prefab reinforced fiberglass vessel for small systems

SLUDGE GENERATION COMPARISON

Conventional Activated Sludge

IBAC IBAC Advantage

0.7 to 1Kg. Dry Solids Per Kg. BOD

Removal

0.2 to 0.3 Kg. Dry Solids Per Kg. BOD

Removal

57% – 80%

< 1% of Dry Sludge in Sludge Water

3% of Dry Solid in Sludge Water

300% +

Typical Municipal Footprint 2,000 m3/ Day Flow

Traditional System IBAC Primary Clarifier Anoxic Tank Aeration Tank Secondary Clarifier Anaerobic Digester

Single Vessel

Total 1000 m2 Total 225 m2

PrimaryClarifier

SludgeDigester

Anoxic Tank

SecondaryClarifier

Aeration tank

IBAC

IBAC Vs Conventional System

Sludge Thickener

Recycle

Pump station

SELECTOR TANK Filamentous Bulking is a problem affecting the biosolids settling and thickening properties caused by filamentous micro organisms if present in large number. The problem will lead to high effluent suspended solids and poor treatment performance. The Solution to this problem is to have a SELECTOR TANK prior to the aeration tank where the growth of floc-forming bacteria is favored over filamentous bacteria. The Selector is a tank or series of tanks in which incoming wastewater is mixed with return sludge under Aerobic Or Anoxic Or Anaerobic condition , and classified into two types:

- Kinetics based selector (With high reactor substrate concentration) - Metabolic based selector (With high reactor substrate concentration &

biological nutrient removal)

The IBAC doesn’t require a selector Tank as it includes an Anoxic zone

IBAC AERATION EQUIPMENT Fine bubble diffusers

Bubble size : 1 – 3 mm Dia Kla (Oxygen Mass transfer Rate): max. at 1.5 – 2.5 mm Dia

IBAC Process Treatment Range From Municipal To High-Strength Industrial

Wastewater

Note: Wastewater Strength is measured in BOD-5 mg/liter

WASTEWATER STRENGTH IBAC Treatment Range

100 mg/l. BOD-5

22,000

mg/l. BOD-5

LOW

Municipal Household Grey Water

MEDIUM

Slaughterhouse Food Processing

HIGH

Pulp & Paper Rendering Breweries Fisheries

HIGHER

Hog waste Distilleries Cosmetics

Dairy Farms

IBAC VERSIONS OF PRODUCT LINE

IBAC I - For general municipal or industrial applications

IBAC II - Same as IBAC I but for very unstable flows

IBAC III - For wastewater with very high suspended solids

IBAC IV - For solar-powered applications

FILTRATION (TERTIARY TREATMENT) MULTI MEDIA PRESSURE FILTERS

FILTRATION (TERTIARY TREATMENT) MULTI MEDIA GRAVITY FILTERS

FILTRATION (TERTIARY TREATMENT)

Depth (or deep-bed) filtration, in which the particles are removed throughout the filter bed or in a significant portion of it (e.g., sand filters); Media: Anthracite: ES1.1 to 1.2 mm, D 30 – 60 cm Fine Sand: ES 0.5 to 0.6 mm, D 25 – 50 cm Coarse Sand: ES 1.5 to 3 mm, D 5 – 10 cm Gravel : Support media ES : Effective size D : Depth

PROCESS VARIABLES AFFECTING FILTRATION

• Flow rate “Q” • Type of solid particles: - Particle Size distribution. - Shape of particle. - Particle surface charge. • Liquid viscosity • Liquid density • Solid concentration

DISINFECTION (TERTIARY TREATMENT)

As Wastewater contains many types of humans enteric organisms that are associated with various waterborne diseases, here come the importance of disinfection , which is the destruction of these organism for safe use of the reclaimed water.

Physical Radiation Chemical Patronization Gama Ray Halogens (Cl , Br & I) UV Alcohols Phenol Soaps & Synthetic detergents Ozone Hydrogen Peroxide Etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL DISINFECTANT

CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES / RESPONSE Availability Should be available in large quantities and

reasonably priced Deodorizing Should deodorize while disinfecting Homogeneity Solution must be uniform in composition Interaction with extraneous material

Should not be absorbed by organic matter other than bacterial cells

Noncorrosive and nonstaining Should not disfigure metals or stain clothing Nontoxic to higher forms of life Should be toxic to microorganisms and nontoxic to

humans and other animals Penetration Should have the capacity to penetrate through

surfaces Safety Should be safe to transport, store, handle, and use Solubility Must be soluble in water or cell tissue

Stability Should have low loss of germicidal action with time

on standing Toxicity to Microorganisms Should be effective at high dilutions Toxicity at ambient temperatures

Should be effective in ambient temperature range

MOST USED DISINFECTANTS

Chlorine Gas Cl2

Sodium Hypochlorite NaOCl

Ultra Violet

- Only available as Liquid. - 12 to 15% active chlorine - Decompose with heat &

light especially at high concentration.

Supplied as liquefied gas under high pressure in containers vary in size from 45kg , 68 kg (cylinders) & 908 containers (1 ton).

- Open channel - Closed Pipe - Different types of lamps

MECHANISM OF DISINFECTION

CHLORINE UV RADIATION 1.oxidation 2.Reactions with available

chlorine 3.Protein precipitation 4.Modification of cell wall

permeability 5.Hydrolysis and mechanical

disruption

1.Photochemical damage to RNA and DNA (e.g., formation of double bonds) within the cells of an organism.

2.The nucleic acids in microorganisms are the most important absorbers of the energy of light in the wavelength range of 240---280 nm.

3.Because DNA and RNA carry genetic information for reproduction, damage of these substances can effectively inactivate the cell

TYPE OF WASTEWATER

Initial Coliform count,

Chlorine dose ,mg/L Effluent standard ,MPN /100 mL

MPN / 100 ml 1000 200 23 <2.2 Raw wastewater 107-109 15-40 Primary effluent 107-109 10-30 20-40 Trickling filter effluent 105-106 3-10 5-20 10-40 Activated-sludge effluent 105-106 2-10 5-15 10-30 Filtered activated-sludge effluent 104-106 4-8 5-15 6-20 8-30 Nitrified effluent 104-106 4-12 6-16 8-18 8-20 Filtered nitrified effluent 104-106 4-10 6-12 8-14 8-16 Microfiltration effluent 101-103 1-3 2-4 2-6 4-10 Reverse osmosisb ̃0 0 0 0 0-2 Septic tank effluent 107-109 20-40 40-60 Intermittent sand filter effluent 102-104 1-5 2-8 5-10 8-18

a Adapted in part from U.S. EPA (1986); White (1999). b Based on free chlorine.

TYPICAL CHLORINE DOSAGE

BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT (Excess Sludge Or Waste Sludge)

Sludge out of the IBAC (Stabilized) 2 -3 % Dry Solids

Direct to mechanical dewatering

Belt Press Filter Press

Decanter (centrifuge)

Sludge out of Convectional

systems (Non-stabilized)

Max. 0.8 % Dry Solids

Digestion

Aerobic/Anaerobic

Max. 1 % Dry Solids

Thickening

Gravity/mechanical Thickener

2-3 % Dry Solids

To Dewatering Belt Press Filter Press

Decanter (centrifuge)

BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT (Excess Sludge Or Waste Sludge)

Belt filter press filter press

Decanter centrifuge

The target DS after

dewatering is 20 – 40%

BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT (ACCESSORIES)

Polymer Preparation unit Conveyors

University Admin

Access from Home

On the Road

Alarms Notifications

Programming Laptop

Telephone

PLC

IBAC

Field Instruments

Operator PC

Engineering PC

AUTOMATION & CONTROL

Mixed liquor concentration IBAC Tank

Dissolved Oxygen meter IBAC Tank

Turbidity Meter Final Treated Water

Flow Meter Inlet Main Headers

Delta Pressure Transmitters Multimedia Filters

pH & Temperature IBAC Tank

Chlorine residual Final Treated Water

VFD Control Room

FIELD INSTRUMENTS

CONCLUSION

IBAC VS. TRADITIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Headwork (screen+ pump

station) Primary clarifier

Anoxic Tank

Aeration Tank Sec. clarifier

Recycle Pump Station

Effluent Tank

Pressure Filters

Chlorine contact Tank

For Irrigation

Stabilization Tank

Thickener Dewatering

Polymer Station

Traditional activated sludge

Primary clarifier

Anoxic Tank

Aeration Tank Sec. clarifier

Recycle Pump Station

Stabilization Tank

Thickener

Chlorination building

Holding tank

IBAC VS. TRADITIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Headwork (screen+ pump

station) IBAC Effluent

Tank

Pressure Filters

Chlorine contact Tank

Dewatering

Polymer Station

IBAC

For Irrigation Chlorination building

Holding tank

QUESTIONS??

THANKS,