Rotifers By Jiva Amoutha

1April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer

April 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 2

April 8, 2023 3

Domain : EukaryaKingdom : AnimaliaSubkingdom : EumetazoaSuperphylum : PlatyzoaPhylum : Rotifera

Cuvier, 1798Classes : Monogononta

Digononta Seisonidea

Phylum : Rotifer

Scientific Classification


Introduction

Rotifers are valuable live food for larval fish and crustacean culture.

The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis has been most widely used as essential food source in raising marine fish, shrimp and crab larvae due to its tolerance to the marine environment

The rotifera were first described by the Rev. John Harris in 1696. he described a Bdelloid Rotifer as "an animal like a large Maggot”

Introduction Cndt…

In 1702, Anton van Leeuwenhoek gave a detailed description of Rotifaer Vulgaris and subsequently described Melicerta ringens and other species.

in 1838 that the rotifera were recognized as being Multicellular animals.

Rotifers - derived from Latin and meaning “Wheel-bearer“ they have also been called wheel Animalcules.


Principles

Domestic sewage and waste water is about 99.9 percent water and 0.02-0.04 percent solids of which proteins and carbohydrates each compose 40-50 percent and fats 5-10 percent.

The rotifers can survive, grow and reproduce very well in high eutrophication waters.

Once appearance of copepods, the density of rotifers can not be large. In opening outdoor earthern ponds, it is impossible to avoid entering of copepods.


Principles Cndt…

Two major classes: 1) Bdelloidea 2) Monogononta

Exhibit cyclomorphosis

About 2000 species (mostly freshwater)

The bdelloidea rotifer is asexual


Why Bdelloid rotifer is asexual.

The Bdelloid rotifer can live in distilled water, seawater, and every salinity variation.

She lives in temperatures between 10 and 30 degrees Celsius.

The genome is very flexible and may contribute to the successes of the Bdelloid rotifer.


Bdelloid Rotifers


Characteristics Possess 2 distinctive features:

1) ciliated ‘corona’ near head region 2) a muscular pharynx, the ‘mastax’

Small, (100-1000 um) herbivores and predators.

Can be very abundant (up to 1000/L) and found in nearly all habitats from open water to soils and attached to plants.

Exhibit cyclomorphosisApril 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 10

Characteristics Cndt… Several characteristics of rotifers, including their

nutritional quality, body size and relatively slow motility have contributed to their usefulness as good prey for active larvae.

composed of several Ciliated

sweeps food into the mouth and chewed up by a characteristic Pharynx

well-developed CuticleApril 8, 2023 Phylum : Rotifer 11


Anhydrobiosis

A type of Cryptobiosis: the reversible cessation of metabolism under extreme environmental conditions

-Escape method from parasitesIn dormant state, can be flushed away, blown away by wind, or even outlast parasites

Rotifer Diversity


General Rotifer Morphology



Reproduction Rotifers are dioecious and males are always smaller

than females.

Parthenogenesis predominates, but males do appear sporadically.

Mostly oviparous; producing 3-50 eggs.

Monogononta have only 1 gonad; Bdelloidea has paired gonads but no males are known.


Life Cycle


Functional Role

Because of their sheer abundance and quick turnover time, they can exert significant grazing pressure on phytoplankton.

Can represent up to 50% of zooplankton production in lakes/ponds.

Generally have lower ‘filtering rates’ as compared to crustacean zooplankton (e.g. cladoceran and copepods).


References http://www.wikipedia.com Dhert P., P. Sorgeloos, 1994. Live feeds in aquaculture. Proceedings of

Aquatech'94, in press. Fukusho, K., 1989. Biology and mass production of the rotifer, Brachionus �

plicatilis. Int. J. Aq. Fish. Technol., 1:232-240. Fulks, W., K. L. Main, 1991. Rotifer and Microalgae Culture Systems. The �

Oceanic Inst., Honolulu, USA. 364pp. Fushimi, T., 1983. III-5 ingestion by fish larvae and juveniles. The rotifer,

Brachionus plicatilis-Biology and mass culture ( Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. ed.), Koseishya-Koseikaku, 69-93, Tokyo.

Hagiwara, A., 1989. Recent studies on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as a live food for the larval rearing of marine fish. La mer 27:116-121.

Welcome to the Wonderfully Weird World of Rotifers by Richard L. Howey Pechenik, Jan A. (2005). Biology of the invertebrates. Boston: McGraw-Hill,

Higher Education. pp. 178



[email protected]

Thank you !!!Thank you !!!

Technology

Rotifers By Jiva Amoutha