Reliable Vehicle Groups as a Cloud Storage Service

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Basic Idea

• VANETs, Roadside Infra 09 10 07 　→　Connected Cars 11

• Vehicle-to-Cloud 07 →VehicleGroup-to-Cloud• Vehicular Cloud (VC) 06 →Cloud Extension by Vehicles

09 "Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments" IEEE Standard 802.11p (2010)

10 "IEEE Draft Standard for WAVE - Multi-Channel Operation" IEEE P1609.4/D9 (2010)

07 M.Gerla+3 "Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds" WSN Magazine (2014)

11 "Connected Vehicle Cloud: Under the Hood" Ericsson Whitepaper (2013)

06 M.Whaiduzzaman+3 "A Survey on Vehicular Cloud Computing" J. of Network and Computer Applications (2014)

M.Zhanikeev -- [email protected] Reliable Vehicle Groups as a Cloud Storage Service - http://bit.do/150606 2/15...

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Basic Idea (2)• DC (in-city) + VC (out-city) coverage• Groups of Vehicles as single units -- GroupConnect 01

• 4G+ networks allow for local routing (content delivery, etc.) 04

4~5G

Reliable Unit (RU)

4~5G End Users

Data Center (DC)

01 myself+0 "Wireless User: A Practical Design for Parallel MultiConnect..." 10th MobiQuitous (2013)

04 X.Zhang+1 "LTE-Advanced Air Interface Technology" CRC Press (2013)


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Vehicular vs Mobile Clouds

1. (practically) infinite battery◦ mobile clouds mostly care about battery efficiency 05

2. mobility patterns are useful to clouds◦ parking lots, moving together, etc.

05 N.Fernando+2 "Mobile cloud computing: A survey" Elsevier J. on Future Generation Comp. Sys. (2013)


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Step 1: (always) Connected Cars

3G

3G

3G

Basic Components

Conventional

Advanced

11 "Connected Vehicle Cloud: Under the Hood" Ericsson Whitepaper (2013)


5/15

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Step 2: GroupConnect

WiFi

3G

WiFi

3G

3G


02 myself+0 "Opportunistic Multiconnect with P2P WiFi and Cellular Providers" ...4G and Beyond, CRC (2015)


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Step 3: Logical GroupingCars

Rarely Meet

Meeting Likely

Travel Together

Park Together

DTN MANETs

Traditional SingleConnect

Sensor Cloud

Storage Cloud

Information Support


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Dealing with 3G/LTE


8/15

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Problem: 3G/LTE Throughput

0 5 10 15 20Hour of day

0

350

700

1050

1400

Thro

ughp

ut (k

bps)

Holiday 1

0 5 10 15 20Hour of day

0

350

700

1050

1400

Thro

ughp

ut (k

bps)

WSP1WSP2WSP3

Holiday 3+

0 5 10 15 20Hour of day

0

350

700

1050

1400

Thro

ughp

ut (k

bps)

Saturday

0 5 10 15 20Hour of day

0

350

700

1050

1400

Thro

ughp

ut (k

bps)

Workday

• 1xLTE + 2x3G providers inJapan 01

• April - May 2014

• highest throughput is thenew/fresh 3G player

• overall, throughput is lowand unreliable



9/15

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Solution: GroupConnect• feasible today: WiFi Direct for local connectivity 01 02

4~5G

Reliable Unit (RU)

4~5G End Users

Data Center (DC)


02 myself+0 "Opportunistic Multiconnect with P2P WiFi and Cellular Providers" ...4G and Beyond, CRC (2015)


10/15

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Analysis


11/15

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(1) Maps2Graphs Dataset

• real FamilyMart locations09 = density distribution◦ 50x50km around Fukuoka

• bullet size = inverse ofdensity◦ people, car fleet, etc.

• total fleet size in Kyushu is800k 12

◦ 100k in VC fleet(optimistic)

09 "Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments" IEEE Standard 802.11p (2010)

12 "Official Statistics on Kyushu Vehicular Fleets" http://wwwtb.mlit.go.jp/kyushu/toukei (2015)


12/15

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(2) Node Density + Classes

0 20 40 60 80 100Position (%) in list in decreasing order of density

0

0.35

0.7

1.05

1.4

1.75

2.1

2.45

2.8egnar )0001..1( ot deppam ytisned fo goL

• real density (not inverse)distribution

• hotspot classes 08: A (few

large items) through D (many large items)

• logic:◦ only large places: A◦ more places: AB◦ ...◦ all places: ABCD

08 M.Zhanikeev+1 "Popularity-Based Modeling of Flash Events in Synthetic Packet Traces" IEICE・CQ研 (2012)


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Results

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350Coverage rotation (angle)

0.45

0.6

0.75

0.9

1.05

1.2

1.35

1.5

1.65

1.8

Cov

erag

e d

istan

ce (l

og)

160

74 25

10

5 54552

2043

49

8

15

29

118

6

2

11

5

2 3

9

Fleetsize#100 Classes#A


0.3

0.45

0.6

0.75

0.9

1.05

1.2

1.35

1.5

1.65

1.8

Cov

erag

e d

istan

ce (l

og)

102 3011 6162

84 111

11814 109

32

17

935335

200 53

28

964 265553

4153

53

20

22

44

3115

12

15

21

9

6 22

4

Fleetsize#100 Classes#AB


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Cov

erag

e d

istan

ce (l

og)

14

7640

116

26

621

23

7

22

101

33 84

14

2332 37

37

13

35

96

42

138

113

54 8379 5757

82

557

61

5

696318

255 59

21

10931 162850

4114

75

5

10

41

2441

22

15

39

23

8 2

4

Fleetsize#100 Classes#ABC


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Cov

erag

e d

istan

ce (l

og)

13

6842

119

17

1913

41

30

21

61

34 20

73

1232 8

15

26

53

53

31

137

155

115 3314 6020

43

5728

65

20

1413719

231 29

9

11441 116836

3817

55

4

4

36

1721

11

7

21

7

9 7

16

Fleetsize#100 Classes#ABCD


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That’s all, thank you ...


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