Shipping Container Monitoring

Vipul Gupta, Oracle Labsvipul.x.gupta@oracle.com

Vail Computer Elements Workshop, IEEE Computer Society, 2012

The Internet of Things

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Romkey & Hackett’s Internet Toaster, Interop ’99 http://www.savetz.com/yic/YIC11FI_6.html

The Internet of Things

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10 fool-proof predictions for the Internet in 2020

3. The Internet will be a network of things, not computers.

... By 2020, it's expected that the number of Internet-connected sensors will be orders of magnitude larger than the number of users.

“

’’

Smart Phones

• Hard to imagine using phones that only make calls!

• Mobile phones continuously integrating new functionality: PDA, cameras (still/video), navigator ...

• Many built-in sensors: microphone, camera, accelerometer, light, proximity, GPS, compass ...

• Growing interest in connecting other sensors/actuators:

• Android Open Accessory Dev Kit

• Redpark breakout pack for iOS

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?

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4.6 Billion Mobile Phone SubscribersBy 2015, Mobile Phones will Generate 6.3 Exabytes Data/month**Source: Cisco Systems

Consumer Electronics becoming smart objects

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Source: Randy Krum’s blog, http://www.coolinfographics.com/blog/2010/2/15/my-digital-life-20-a-consumer-gadget-map.html

Utility

Home

HAN

"If people do not have any idea how much energy they are using, how can you expect them to change their behavior?"

Jonathan Stearn, Energywatch

Utility Metering Evolution

AMI

Mechanical Meters AMR

Home Area Network

Smart Grid

One-way meter reads, typically monthly via net,

hand-held or drive-by

Smart Metering: Monthly/Daily/15-min collection via fixed or cell network.

Two-way communication, utility can ping meter, send “time-of-use” pricing

information or stop service remotely

Devices connect to central control panel, through which

utility can schedule or control devices individually

Predict and respond intelligently to the dynamic

behavior of all power suppliers and consumers

The Long Tail ...

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Quantified Self, M2M etc.

Motivation

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• Better efficiency -- resource management (lower cost of heating/cooling)

• Improved security and peace of mind -- accurate, responsive tracking of valuable assets

• Timely access to information -- smart phones, traffic/environmental sensors

• Proactive health management -- both people and things (maintenance/repair)

• Comfort and entertainment -- smart environments (buildings, homes)

Empowering people with data to make better decisions

© 2011 Oracle Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential9

Big Data

Source : Economist Magazine Special Report

The Need for AnalyticsFrom Data to Actionable Information

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Source: Competing on Analytics, by T. Davenport & J. Harris

Optimization

Predictive Modeling

Forecasting/Extrapolation

Statistical Analysis

Alerts

Query/drill down

Ad hoc reports

Standard Reports

What’s the best that can happen?

What will happen next?

What if these trends continue?

Why is this happening?

What actions are needed?

Where exactly is the problem?

How many, how often, where?

What happened?

Degree of Intelligence

Com

petit

ive A

dvan

tage

SPOT Device

• Basic device has three layers

• Battery

• Processor Board with Radio

• Sensor Board (application specific)

• Processor Board alone acts as a base-station

• User programs the device entirely in Java using standard tools, e.g. NetBeans

• Java on bare-metal (no OS)

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SPOT Capabilities/Technologies

Embedded Development PlatformExtremely flexible hardware and software packageUse standard Java IDE

MobileBuilt in Lithium Ion battery charged through USB

Easy to program - Java top to bottomJava Device Drivers

Aware and ActiveAble to sense and affect surroundings

Connected - Wireless CommunicationMesh NetworkingOver the Air Programming

SecureBuilt-in high grade ECC public key cryptography, user-friendly key management

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Built to Inspire! (search for “spaughts” on

Flickr/YouTube)

Sun SPOT Developer’s kit

• Two full SPOTs with sensor boards and batteries

• One base-station SPOT

• Software• Squawk VM• Java SDK• Netbeans

• USB cable, mounting clips

• Both hardware and software is open source• www.sunspotworld.com (forums, SDK download, kit purchase)• spots.dev.java.net

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Over 20,000 SPOTs

in use world-wide

YouTube Videos• > 200 videos• Mike’s Flying Bike viewed >175,000 x• Keyword SPAUGHTS

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Shipping Containers

• Shippers want to improve logistics, cut expenses, eliminate shrinkage• US cargo losses reported annually: > $15 Billion,

Total cost > $45 Billion• 24M containers make ~200M trips/yr• Average cargo value estimates (TEU):

Pharmaceuticals ~$ 12MHi-tech (electronics) ~$ 10MFinished shirts ~$115KT-shirts ~$ 45KBaled cotton ~$ 15K

• Insurance cost: ~1% of cargo value

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Smart Container Solution Architecture

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Email Alerts

Shipper'sCommand & Control

Satellite Network Oracle Monitoring Service Portal

Logistics Personnel

CMD-Mounted Container

Container Monitoring Device

• Based on the Sun SPOT platform• Multiple sensors:

• Environmental: temperature, humidity, light• Intrusion: light, PIR, door coil, UWB radar• Location: GPS

• Dual-mode long-range wireless communication• Quad-band GPRS• Satellite communication

• Short-range low-power mesh networking:• 802.15.4

• Secure communication• Long-lasting battery

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Networking Challenges

• Network bandwidth is limited, costly• 340 byte/packet, $1.40/KB !!! (satellite communication)

• precludes sending raw data

• Devices are duty-cycled to preserve energy• can not push data

• re-establishing network can take tens of seconds

• Device may not have a long-term network address• mobility (real or perceived)

• NAT/firewall

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Requires a gateway-based network architecture*

*Gupta et al., “A Network Architecture for the Web of Things”, Second Int’l Web of Things Workshop , Pervasive 2011

Sensor Fusion Example

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3-axis Accelerometer{

{UWB Radar

Door sensorPIR (motion)

Proximity

Infra-red

Light

A B C

Device v/s Back-end Alerting

• Intrusion notifications sent with higher priority than periodic reports

• Both include location. Out-of-order processing at portal causes unexpected alerts behavior

• Device-side alerting can be smarter, e.g. adaptive sampling

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Waypoint

Sensor Recalibration

• Sensor readings vary across devices, impacted by environmental variations:

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A metal detector based on pulse-induction, the same technology used in our door sensor.

Story of the GPS Module

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12mA

3.3mA

13.1mA

9.5mA

• GPS low-power mode, device off but retains almanac/ephemeris data• Allows valid “fix” in as little as 6 sec after power-on• Early “fix” quality is poor, can be improved in subsequent readings• How long to stay on?

Story of the GPS Module

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12mA

3.3mA

13.1mA

9.5mA

• GPS low-power mode, device off but retains almanac/ephemeris data• Allows valid “fix” in as little as 6 sec after power-on• Early “fix” quality is poor, can be improved in subsequent readings• How long to stay on?

Other Challenges

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Cloud-based Monitoring Portal

• Stores and analyzes sensor data and alerts received from all CMDs

• Dashboard and timeline views show current data and history

• Allows users to commission and decommission trips

• Lets users define geofences of interest

• Generates notifications for registered events

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Summary

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• The Internet of Things represents the future of data and is a key area of interest at Oracle

• A flexible sensor platform emphasizing ease-of-use and rapid prototyping

• End-to-end integrated solutions (hardware, software and services) for specific markets

Questions?

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