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Samsung Proprietary

Next Gen. Mobile Storage – UFS

2011.11.01

Yejin Moon

Product Planning Team

Semiconductor Division

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co., LTD

Contents

1

2

3

Industry Movement for Mobile Storage

What’s UFS

Host Emulator

3 /20

Samsung Proprietary Storage I/F Long-term Trend

Application 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

x86

Laptop (2.5”)

Ultra-Thin (mSATA ULT)

Tablet

ARM Tablet /

Smartphone

SATA3.0 (600MB/s)

SATAe (PCIe) (PCIe 3.0 1GB/s)

SATA3.0 SATAe (PCIe)

eMMC (v4.4 : 100MB/s v4.5: 200MB/s)

UFS (v1.1: ~300MB/s v2.0: >600MB/s )

NVMe (PCIe)

NVMe (PCIe)

PCIe and UFS will be dominant due to better scalability & more features

• SSD will move to PCIe for Highest throughput & lowest latency

• UFS is scalable ; Frequency scaling up & Multi-lane support

New

4 /20

Samsung Proprietary Next Generation Mobile Storage

Applications drive performance (RT Apps Seamless Connectivity)

Higher IOPS and lower latency are required for Smartphone/Tablet.

• eMMC 4.x has some limits to compete the highest number now

New I/F protocol and architecture should be introduced

MB/s Seq. Read

25

75

100

eMMC4.4

150

eMMC 4.5

eMMC 4.4

50

eMMC4.4

3Q 11.2Q 4Q 12.2Q

33

60

85

150

IOPS Ran. Write

100

250

500

750

3Q 11.2Q 4Q 12.2Q 2Q

1000

600

220

120

1K

157 % 400 %

eMMC Performance Roadmap ’12 ~’13 eStorage Interface B/W Requirement @ Smartphone

A

300 MB/s

~1GB/s

667MB/s 667MB/s

300 MB/s

200MB/s

’12~‘13 ‘14 ‘12 ‘13 ‘12 ‘13 ‘12 ‘13

200MB/s

250 UFS 1.1

250

12.2Q

2K

100 MB/s

2000

eMMC4.4

eMMC 4.5

eMMC 4.4

eMMC4.4

UFS 1.1

eMMC 4.5

B C D

5 /20

Samsung Proprietary Samsung Forecast of eStorage Migration

Market will migrate to UFS from High-end to Mid/Low-end market.

• Phase1(2013~2014): Introducing to High-end market

• Phase2(2014~): Expanding to Mid/Low-end market

Application 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

SAMSUNG UFS

Tablet

High

Mid- Low

Smartphone

High

Mid- Low

Game

CS,4Q

eMMC

UFS eMMC

Optimistic view Conservative view

UFS 1.1

6 /20

Samsung Proprietary UFS Schedule

UFS 1.1

Density 16GB ~ 64GB

CS Schedule ’12.4Q

Interface Speed 3Gbps

Package size 11.5 x 13

Performance

Seq. Read 250MB/s

Seq. Write 75MB/s

Ran. Read 10K IOPS

Ran. Write 2.5K IOPS

Application 2012 2013 2014

1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q

SAMSUNG UFS

AP (w/ UFS support)

CS UFS 1.1

B C

D

ES CS

ES

E

A

Host Driver

Contents

1

2

3

Industry Movement for Mobile Storage

What’s UFS

Host Emulator

8 /20

Samsung Proprietary UFS Leverages High-Performance Standards

Designed from the ground-up to meet future mobile platform needs

• eMMC4.5 features and more (Asynch, Commands Queuing etc)

• Utilize MIPI M-PHY and Unipro standards for Physical/Link Layers

• Mobile Specific Serial Interface (Low Standby with PLL off & Fast wake-up)

• Flexible Speed Modes and Gears

• Utilize SCSI command protocol in operation

Configuration flexibility with seamless high IOPS performance

• Full utilization of multiple NAND operation

• Any heterogeneous commands can be executed in parallel

• Command can be transferred during other command’s operation

Extendable performance with multi-lanes providing many years of runway

• 3Gbps 6Gbps

• 1 Lane Multi-Lane

9 /20

Samsung Proprietary Functional Features

Similar functional features as eMMC & more

• Support for boot partitions and Boot Operation Mode

• Supports multiple data partitions (LUNs) with management of partition attributes

• Write Protection options, including Permanent & Power-On Write Protection

• Secure operations, Purge and Erase to enhance data security

• Support RPMB security function

• HW Reset Signal

• Support command queuing, asynchronous/out-of-order command execution

10 /20

Samsung Proprietary Layered Architecture

Command Protocol Layer:

• Supports SCSI as primary CMDs thru Application Layer

• Compliance with T10 SPC, SBC and SAM

UFS Transport Layer: • Defined by JEDEC UFS specification

Data Link Layer: MIPI UniPro v1.4 • The Unified Protocol (UniPro) defines a layered protocol for

interconnecting devices and components within mobile device systems

Electrical Interface PHY Layer: MIPI M-PHY v1.0

• M-PHY is a low-power differential signal serial interface technology with high bandwidth capabilities, which is particularly developed for mobile applications to obtain low pin count combined with very good power efficiency

M-PHY

SAM Compliant Application Layer

UFS Command Set (UCS) Task Manager

UFS Transport Protocol Layer (UTP)

Device Manager

UniPro

UFS Interconnect Layer (UIC)

UDM_SAP

UIO_SAP

UTP_CMD_SAP UTP_TM_SAP

UIC_SAP

11 /20

Samsung Proprietary

UFS Host

Application

Driver

UFS

Driver

UFS Host

Controller

UFS

Host

Reg

UFS Device

Device

Level

Managing

Storage

Descriptors

LU-0

LU-N Storage

Control ConfigREF_CLK

RESET_n

DOUT_t

DOUT_c

DIN_t

DIN_c

UIC

MIP

I Un

iPro

SM

MIP

I M-P

HY

SM

UIC

MIP

I Un

iPro

SM

MIP

I M-P

HY

SM

UFS System Model

M-PHY, UniPro

UTP, SCSI

UFS HCI • Abstraction for underlying HW architecture • Management of DMA & queue • Bus/link management • Power management

12 /20

Samsung Proprietary SCSI compliance

UFS requires a little or none on OS & Applications

Only required change will be the UFS host device driver and the UFS HCI driver

Application Compliant with SCSI & eMMC

I/O Manager

File System

Storage Class Driver

UFS Device Driver

UFS HCI

Host Controller

S/W

H/W UFS Device

Compliant with eMMC 4.5 features

Compliant with SCSI

New Software driver - developed by UFSA Standard HCI and Device drivers

13 /20

Samsung Proprietary Better throughput with better utilization

Synchronous

RD Host RD Storage WR WR

CMD RSP Data CMD RSP

WR RD

Data

Host

eMMC

Read while Write (Full duplex)

Host Storage

RX

TX RX

TX RD

WR

RX

TX RX

TX

RD

WR

RD RD

WR WR

RD

WR

RD

WR

RD

WR WR

Dual Write (Multi Lane)

UFS

Asynchronous, out of order

WR

Data

Data

Data

WR

WR

RD

WR WR RD Host

WR Data

Low Latency for Priority Request Better throughput (Simultaneous read and write)

Single Thread Operation

14 /20

Samsung Proprietary Case 1 : Multi-Threaded applications

<Key Assumptions: Write takes 3x longer than read. Write-through mode. No storage cache available>

Time

Thread A

Thread B

Thread D

Thread C

Wo

rk L

oa

d

Time

UFS

SATA

W

W

R R R R

W

R

R R

#1

#2

#3

#4

NAND

R W

W

W

R

R

W

W

R R R R R

R R R

W

W

W #1

#2

#3

#4

NAND

W

W

R

R R R R R

R R

R

R

R

R

R

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

R

Host I/F

Host I/F

Waiting for completion of write

Long idle (Write delayed)

Simultaneous Tx/Rx possible – Full duplex

Barrier

Full utilization of multiple NAND operation

• UFS : Any heterogeneous commands can be executed in parallel

- Command can be transferred during other command’s operation

• SATA: Parallel execution but limited by SATA protocol

Normalized Throughput UFS vs SSD

QuadRant_IO x1.79

RL_Bench x1.94

Web Browsing

x2.49

15 /20

Samsung Proprietary

Time

Worst UX : Request delay due to Storage Write Busy.

Better User Experience: High Priority LU for time-critical application

Case 2 : Simultaneous operations for Multi-tasking

Suspended Suspended Suspended

UFS

SATA

Partition 0 (High Priority LU)

Partition 1

Single Partition

App Download App Install

App Download

App Download

App Install

Video Playing

Video Playing

App Install

Delayed Start Delayed Completion Failed to meet deadline

Camera Shooting Events Video Playing

Camera Shooting

Camera Shooting

Video Playing

Video Playing

App Install

Code execution

Code execution

Code execution

Long write

Media data read request

Media data read Pending over 100ms

Write Issue Write Completion

eMMC4.5 (HPI)

16 /20

Samsung Proprietary Key Features Comparison

eMMC4.5 UFS SATA

Interface Operation - Full Duplex , DFS Dual Simplex

Future Expandability N/A 6Gbps ~10Gbps, Multi-Lane 6Gbps

H/W reset Yes Yes No

Alternative Boot Yes Yes No Rom

Multi-Partition Yes(4) Yes(8) No

Security feature

Trim Yes Yes Yes

Discard Yes Yes No

RPMB Yes Yes No

Secure Erase Sanitize Sanitize No

Secure Trim

Performance Feature

High Priority Interrupt Yes Yes

(LU/Queue) No

Back Ground Operation Yes Yes No

Operation Mode Sync Async Async

Packed CMD Yes Command Queuing Command Queuing

Data Tag Yes Yes No

Context ID Yes Yes No

Cache Operation Yes Yes Yes

Reliability

Dynamic Capacity Yes Yes No

Power off notification Yes Yes No

Real Time Clock Yes Yes No

eMMC & UFS are good fits for mobile .

SATA is a good fit for PC, needs significant features for smart phone.

17 /20

Samsung Proprietary Performance & Power Consumption Comparison

Random performance of UFS & SATA is improved by Command Queuing.

Active Power is dominated by the NAND Device.

eMMC & UFS are better than SATA in Standby Power.

eMMC4.5 UFS1.1 eSSD

Process 65nm 40nm 40nm

Life time 2012~2013 2013~2014 2013~2014

Architecture 1ch 4way 2ch 2way 2ch 2way

Density 32GB 32GB 32GB

Performance

Seq. Read 150MB/s 250MB/s 250MB/s

Seq. Write 70MB/s 75MB/s 75MB/s

Ran. Read 4.2K *1 10K*2 8K*3

Ran. Write 1K *1 2.5K*2 2K*3

Power Active(W)** 1.11 1.14 1.2

Stby(mW) (25℃) 0.3 0.51 20** ~3****

Wake up ms <5 <5 <20

*1 Assuming that using Packed command & Cache mode *2 Assuming that using UFS Command Queue (1MB SRAM) , Data Tag feature *3 Assuming that using SATA NCQ (1MB SRAM)

* Toggle DDR2.0 MAX operation current is 80mA, 2ch 2way [320mA(3V)/960mW] ** SATA Slumber *** SATA DEVSLP mode

Contents

1

2

3

Industry Movement for Mobile Storage

What’s UFS

Host Emulator

19 /20

Samsung Proprietary

Test Framework SW for UFS

UFS Device FPGA Board / Real UFS

Device

UFS Host FPGA Board

UniPro

FTL

UniPro

Test Suite (Total 365 test cases based

on UFS Spec v1.1 )

UFSHCI HIL

Samsung Test Framework

Windows/PC Supplied

Windows Services

Storport Miniport Driver (UFS DD)

File System

Storport Driver

PCIe Bus Driver

PCIe I/F PCIe I/F

UFS Host Controller

M-PHY UFS I/F M-PHY PCIe Lane

SATA Cable

UTP

Samsung UFS H/W & S/W Development

1. Packet Analyzer

2. Packet Interpreter

3. IOMeter

1. CMD test 2. Conformance

test 3. User-defined

test

UFS Virtual Host : Virtual Test Framework

Virtual host system compliant with UFS 1.1.

Help device development possible w/o host

• Provide the FW development & Protocol /Command verification environment