PROJECT 3UNIT 5 - ENERGY

By: Marina Díaz Hernando, María Osuna Galisteo, Julia Serrano García, Adrián Utrera Vigo.

STUDENT 1

• Explain all types of forms of energy:

• -We say that energy means capacity, so it has the ability to make a system work.

• The main types of energy are:

Kinetic energy: Is the energy of motion. • Types:• Vibrational: (energy that has vibration)- Rotational: (rotational energy)- Translational: (energy that moves from one location to another)

Gravitational Potentional energy: energy that have height above the ground.

Thermal or caloric energy: consists of the internal temperature of an object.

Chemical energy: this is the energy of an object due to its chemical structure.

Electric energy: energy that come from the electrical potentional current that consist of a flow of electrons.

Light energy: it comes from the energy of light, for example from the sun.

Sound energy: it is related with the vibration of the matter.

General classification of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Mention advantages and disadvantages of every group.

- Energy sources are elements that can be captured and transformed.

Primary energy sources: They can be found in nature.For example: sun, wind, coal, petroleum, gas, uranium, etc.

Secondary energy sources: They can not be found in nature, so they are produced by undergoing a process from the primary source.

For example: gasoline, electricity and hydrogen.

Renewable Energy sources: it comes from the sun, wind, waves etc.

- Advantages: it is sustainable and never rans out, energy that facilities less maintenance than generators.

- Disadvantages: it is difficult to generate the quantities of electricity and the reliability.

Non Renewable Energy sources: is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate.

- Advantages: they are widely available and affordable, they have a supply that makes money and pays workers.

- Disadvantages: pollution grows greater, so it damages de enviroment.

STUDENT 2

• Non-renewable energy sources. Use of fossil fuels: coal, petroleum and gas. Nuclear energy.

- Non-renewable energy sources: energy that appears on nature that has overtake millions of years to create.

Use of fossil fuels: - Coal: black sedimentary rock. It come

basically from the energy of the Sun.

- Petroleum: it is form between the layers of the Earth’s crust.

It is mainly used to produce plastics, petrol, diesel, etc.

- Gas: it is composed of methane, from the remains of animals and plants. It grow using the Sun energy.

Nuclear energy: is the energy that the particles of an atomic nucleus contains inside. The released energy can be divided in two forms:

- Nuclear fussion: when the atoms are released together to form a bugger atom.

Nuclear fission: when the atoms are separated to form smaller ones.

The nuclear reactions: it involve some transformations in the nucleus of the atom.

Transformation of thermal energy into mechanical. Machines: steam engine, internal combustion engine, steam turbine and gas engine (reactor).

The transformation of thermal energy is the process of changing one different form of energy to another one.

Energy is mainly used in natural processes or making mechanical work to operate machines.

The main machines are: • Steam engine: it is an engine that produces heat and

make mechanical work to operate making use of the steam.

• Internal combustion engine: it is an engine that works by burning the fuel that it is located inside the engine.

• Steam turbine: it is a turbine that extracts the thermal energy.

• Gas engine: it is an engine that consists on a gas fuel, such as producer gas, coal gas, landfill gas, biogas and natural gas.

STUDENT THREERENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

SUNIt has several applications:

• Production of hot water for houses.

• Solar ovens.• To create electric energy

(photovoltaic or solar panels are used.)

These panels are covered with solar cells which covert sunlight directly into electricity.

They are organised in solar farms.

WINDWind turbines (modern windmills) transform wind into

electricity. 1. When the wind blows, the blades turn.2. The blades turn at an axis inside the generator.3. The generator produces an electrical current caused by the

rotation.Wind turbines are located in groups called wind farms.

WATER

1. Water from rivers is kept in a reservoir.2. It is then released at a certain speed for it to turn a turbine. 3. This generates electricity.

WAVES

1. A water wave gets into an air chamber located in a cavity on the shore.

2. When water level rises, water drives some turbines which are connected to a generator.

3. An electric current is produced in the generator.

TIDESTo transform tidal energy into electrical energy:1. When the tide rises, water gets inside a dike.2. The doors are closed when the tide is at its highest level.3. When the tide falls, water is moved through some turbines.4. Water makes the turbines to turn and so, an electric current

is produced.

BIOMASSFirewood, agricultural waste, forest waste,etc. (organic

matter).They are processed to obtain other materials that can

generate energy:• Burned - to produce heat or electricity (this produces less gasses than coal).• Fermented -to produce fuels like ethanol.• Digested by bacteria –to create methane.• Heated under special conditions - to get products such as diesel, gasoline or chemicals.

Biomass is normally used as fuel in power plants.

EARTH HEAT ENERGY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY = Energy from inside the EarthIt can be used to: • Heat water to produce steam and generate electricity (in geothermal power plants).• To heat water to be used at home.

To transform geothermal energy into electric energy:1. Water flows through a pipe on the Earth.2. Because of the heat it transforms into steam.3. The steam turns a turbine.4. This moves the generator that produces an electrical current.5. A transformer adapts the current for it to be used.6. The steam cools down and transforms into water which is stored.

STUDENT FOUR• Electrical energy : Generation , transmission and

distribution

-The energy generation is obtained by electric power stations that change energies into electrical energy . You can obtain electrical energy in diferent plants like Thermal plants , Hydroelectric plants and Nuclear powe plants.

THERMAL

• Thermal plants, follows a easy way that consist in use the calorific energy and transforms energies into electrical energy

- the process consist of : using the heat of sources , we use that energy to make the water , water vapour . The water vapour moves a turbine that transforms that energy into electrical energy .

Thermical plant

Hydroelectric

• Hydroelectric power plants make a very easy procediment that consist of use the kineitc energy from the falling water that moves a turbin and this turbin transforme it into electric energy.

Nuclear Power plant• In the Nuclear , the electrical energy it is obtained by the

separation of atoms , this reaction is called nuclear fussion .

• When the uranium separates , the neutrons give heat .

• This causes radioactive waste very harmful to the enviroment .

Transmission and distribution• The electric energy has a price because people had worked

and the energy is transported to our home . The price depends on contracted power and consuption.

- The contracted power is the maximun energy that we can use in a specific time .

- The consuption is the amount of electricity we use .

Energy and enviroment • EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING : The non-renewable energy sources are running off and they leave radioactive waste , thats because we have to use only the energy we need .

- Saving :we do not have to use the energy we do not need .

- Efficiency : Use applicances that consumes less energy .

• ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT OF THE GENERATION , TRANSMISSION , DISTRIBUTION AND THE USE OF ENERGY:

The non-renewable energy sources give problems like : - Waste products - Pollution - No more energy supplies - Energy is lost