1. Probability VocabularyRandom PhenomenonSample spaceOutcome
TrialEventProbabilityProbability modelComplementIndependentMutually
exclusiveConditional probabilityCombination permutation
2. Key Points P(A)= (the number of times the desired
outcomeoccurs) (the total number of trials) Events are independent
if the outcome of oneevent does not influence the outcome of
anyother event Events are mutually exclusive if they cannotoccur
together Addition Rule: P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B) P(A andB)
Multiplication Rule: If A and B are independentevents, P(A and B)=
P(A)P(B) 3. Probability _________ is the branch of math that
studies patterns of chance The idea of probability is based on
observation. Probability describes what happens over many, many
trials. The probability, P(A), of any outcome of a random
phenomenon is the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a
long series of repetitions. 4. Probability- terms In probability,
an experiment is any sort of activitywhose results cannot be
predicted with certainty The _____ _____, S, is the set of all
possibleoutcomes An _______ is one of the possible results thatcan
occur as a result of an experiment A trial is a single running or
observation of arandom phenomenon An _____ is any outcome or set of
outcomes of arandom phenomenon 5. Probability P(A)= (the number of
times the desired outcomeoccurs) (the total number of
trials)Example Ryan rolls the die 20 times and gets a 5 on 7 ofthe
rolls. Then, the probability of rolling a 5 is: P(A)= (the number
of times you roll a 5) (thenumber of times you roll the die)=7/20
6. Experimental v TheoreticalProbability When a random phenomenon
has k possibleoutcomes that are all equally likely, then
eachoutcome has the probability 1/k. This is calledtheoretical
probability The actual outcome of an experimental activity iscalled
experimental probability 7. Probability- General Rules 1.
Probability is a number between 0 and 1. 2. The sum of the
probabilities of all possibleoutcomes in a sample space is 1. 3.
The probability that an event does not occur is1 minus the
probability that it does occur. (alsocalled the complement of A) If
an event has the probability of .3 ofhappening, then it has a
probability of .7 of nothappening( 1-0.3= 0.7) 8. Independence and
MutuallyExclusive Events or trials are said to be _________ if
theoutcome of an event or trial doesnt influence theoutcome of
another event or trial Two events are ______ _______ if they
cannotoccur together Sam can either pass the test or fail- cant do
bothat same time 9. Rules of Probability- Addition 10. Rules of
Probability-Multiplication 11. Conditional ProbabilityConditional
probability describes the situation wherethe probability of a
second event is dependent upona first event having occurred 12.
Possible outcomes and countingtechniques If you can do one task in
A ways and a second task in B ways, then both tasks can be done in
A x B ways. Flip a coin and toss a die (2)(6)= 12 possible outcomes
13. Possible outcomes and countingtechniques 14. Possible outcomes
and countingtechniques 15. Review Questions 16. Review Questions
17. Review Questions 18. Review Questions 19. Review Questions 20.
Review Questions
