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Presented by Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne at the Humidtropics Capacity Development Workshop, Nairobi, 29 April–2 May 2014
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Prioritising interventions in the Humidtropics using EXTRAPOLATE
Humidtropics capacity development workshop,Nairobi, 29 April – 2 May 2014 http://humidtropics.cgiar.org/
Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne
Biophysical Socio-cultural Economic Institutional Political
R4D and Innovation Platforms
SRT 1• Situational analysis• Baselines & typologies• Entry points• Global synthesis
SRT 2• Policies, markets and institutions• Productivity• NRM
SRT 3• Institutional innovation capacity
• Responsible scaling
Globa
l syn
thesis and
learning
Entry points
SRT 1 in ContextExternal environment
Selected interventions
1.1 Situation analysis
1.2 Baseline & typologies
1.3 Entry points
1.4 Global synthesis
Objective: To identify a sequence of entry points at a range of scales and levels focusing on farming systems productivity, gender, markets, natural resource management, policy and institutions.
Systems Analysis and Global Synthesis
Entry points
• Multidimensional in nature• Three ways to achieve that• Interventions that target system
components – with a view to the wider consequences
• Interventions targetting integration specifically – e.g. crop-livestock interactions, intercropping
• Combinations of interventions targetting systems performance – accounting for tradeoffs and synergies
TerminologyEntry pointInterventionBest-betBest-fit
Entry points
What are ‘system-level’ entry points?
Slow track: systems analysis of detailed household data; systems optimisation
Fast track: PRA approaches; ex-ante analysis• EXTRAPOLATE: Ex-ante tool for ranking
(policy) alternatives• RAAIS: Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural
Innovation Systems
Entry points
• We are trying to understand how we get from an ‘entry point’ or ‘intervention’ of some sort (e.g. policy, institutional, technical) to an impact on the livelihoods of stakeholders (as measured by IDO indicators).
• To do this we break the pathway of impact down:
Intervention
Constraints
Outcomes
Stakeholder
What are we trying to address?
• Designed for policy interventions (PPLPI) but equally applicable to technical and systems interventions
• Simple PC-based programme• Promotes a participatory approach – R4D / innovation platforms• Easy to use, well documented
• User Guide• Reference Manual
• Not data-intensive• Simple graphic output• Can evaluate different combinations of policies• Can be used at a range of levels
EXTRAPOLATE
EXTRAPOLATE
Elements• Stakeholders (with livelihood scores)• Outcomes• Constraints• Entry Points (interventions)
Linkages• Impact (-5 to +5)• outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods
• constraints on outcomes
• entry points on constraints
• Relevance (0 to 9)• relevance of constraints to stakeholders
• relevance of entry points to outcomes
EXTRAPOLATE: Elements and links
EXTRAPOLATE: Current situation
c2c3
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s1 s2 s3Score: 1 to 9
8 0 5
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s1 s2 s3
c2c3
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o1 o2 o3
EXTRAPOLATE: Current situation
Score: -5 to +5
EXTRAPOLATE: Interventions
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o1 o2 o3
Score: 1 to 90 9 1
Score: -5 to +5
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EXTRAPOLATE: Interventions
Interventions People’s livelihoods
EXTRAPOLATE
Policy analysis
• Analyse the effects of existing policies on different groups of producers and consumers
• Predict the impact of changing institutional and market environments on existing policy outcomes
• Predict the impact of policy changes on different groups of livestock producers and consumers
The challenge for dairy policy in Uganda
• To ensure that smallholders’ constraints are addressed• policies based on equity, rather
than just on profitability
• To ensure that marginalized groups are represented• addressing the needs of the
informal sector
Dairy development policy: Uganda
• Promote genetic improvement• Strengthen delivery of veterinary services• Provide appropriate extension services• Improved market infrastructure and information• Ensure quality control along the chain• Increase local consumption to build a strong domestic market• Promote efficiency in the input supply system• Increased access to credit facilities
Proposed components of policy:
EXTRAPOLATE – analysis tools
Small-medium producers
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralistsSmall processors & traders
Poor consumers
Wealthy producers/processors/consumers
Promote genetic improvement
Small-medium producers
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists
Enforce quality control
Small-medium producers
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists
Optimal combination of policies
Key elements of a pro-poor policy
• Promote genetic improvement• Strengthen delivery of veterinary services• Provide appropriate extension services• Improved market infrastructure and information• Ensure quality control along the chain• Increase local consumption to build a strong domestic market• Promote efficiency in the input supply system• Increased access to credit facilities
Key elements of a pro-poor policy
• This does NOT mean that genetic improvement and standards/regulation should be discouraged or dropped from the policy document• Rather that when these broad policy outcomes are disaggregated into their component parts (laws, strategies, institutions etc.) care needs to be taken to ensure that the poorer producers are not disadvantaged, and that their needs are also addressed
The process
• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods• Impact of constraints on outcomes• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders
• Identify interventions (entry points)• Impact of interventions on constraints• Relevance of interventions to outcomes
Where are with EXTRAPOLATE
• Adapted EXTRAPOLATE to the Humidtropics• Initial training and workshop for W. Kenya Action Site (Kisumu, Nov
2013)• Conducted a training for trainers (Zanzibar, Mar 2014)
• L&F Tanzania (Dairy VC)• L&F Uganda (Pig VC)• Humidtropics – W. Kenya Action Site• Humidtropics – Uganda Action Site• Humidtropics – Ethiopia Action Site
• Initial training and workshop for Uganda Action Site (Kampala, May 2014)
• Develop training materials (May-Sep 2014)• Develop software, including facilities for translation – Vietnamese,
French (May-Sep 2014)• Introduce to three Action Sites in the C. Mekong (Oct-Dec 2014)