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Phylum Nematoda
• Parasites• Don’t eat
raw meat• Heavy
infestation can cause anemia, retardation
• Anal itching
one of two ciliated lobes at head
cluster of nerve cells
gastric gland
protonephridium
cloaca
gland that secretes cementing substance for “toe”
mouth
modified pharynx
stomach
intestine
anus
one of two “toes”
Body Plan of a Rotifer
caracteristic12,000 species
500,000 possibleCylindrical bodyOnly longitudinal musclesNoncellular cuticle with several layersPseudocoelomateMouth and anus
Found everywhereSoilOceansPolar iceHot springs
Parasites of nearly all plant and animal species!
caracteristic1. Bilateral, triploblastic, unsegmented worms2. Acoelomate; body cavity is hemocoel3. Presence of cuticle that is molted4. Body round and under high pressure due to compressed
state of muscles and inelastic cuticle5. Aquatic or found in a thin film of water; gas exchange by
diffusion6. Digestive system (complete): Mouth, muscular pharynx,
intestine, anus7. Nervous system: Brain with dorsal and ventral nerve cords;
cytoplasmic extensions from muscles to nerves8. Presence of cephalic sense organs called amphids9. Presence of dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles; move
by alternative contraction and relaxation of muscles (Circular muscles not required due to HP)
10. Dioecious with separate sexes; internal fertilization
Ciri umum
Bentuk tubuh bulat spt benang
Tidak beruas-ruas
Saluran pencernaan sempurna krn memiliki mulut dan anus
Ada yang mikroskopis dan ada yang makroskopis
Bersifat gonokoris, betina lebih besar dari pada jantan
Ada yang parasit ada yang hidup bebas
Dibedakan menjadi 2 kelas :
1. Kelas Nematoda
Contoh : 1. Ascaris lumbricoides
2. Wuchereria brancrofti
3. Enterobius vermicularis
5. Ancylostoma duodenale
2. Kelas Nematomorpha
Contoh : 1. Gordius sp
2. Nectonema
Sistim reproduksi
7
9
Ascaris lumbricoides
• Roundworm of man• 1.2 billion people
– Many in southeast US
• Females lay 200,000 eggs a day
• Unsanitary habits contaminate ground
• Night soil
10Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
Life Cycle of Ascaris Lumbricoides
13
Enterobius vermicularis
• Pin worm• 50% of children in US• Spread
– Fecal oral route– airborne
14
Life Cycle of Enterobius Vermicularis
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
Enterobius vermicularis (cacing kremi)
16
Hookworms
• Anterior end hooks• Necator americanus• Ancylostoma duodenale• Feed on blood• Cause anemia
17
Life Cycle of Necator Americanus
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
18
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma duodenale (cacing tambang)
20
Cutaneous Larval Migrans
• Hookworms from dogs and cats
21
Trichinella spiralis
• Trichina worm• Pigs, bear, dogs, cats,
rats and man• Trichinosis
– Encysts in muscles
22Source: (a) Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. (b) Photo © Steve Miller
Life Cycle of Trichinella Spiralis
23
Wuchereria bancrofti
• Lives in lymphatic system
• Obstruct lymph to cause swelling– Elephantiasis
Life Cycle of Wucheria spp.
• Dog Heart worms• elephantiasis worm• Pin worms
•
Video: round worm in caecum of 55 yr. old man
26
Loa loa
• Eye worm
Loa-loa (cacing mata)
30
Dracunculus medinesis
• Fiery serpent
32
Dirofilaria immitis
• Dog heart worm