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Family Poultry development towards the achievement
of the UN Millennium Development Goals
Photo Prof. Dr. Gouranga Ch. Chanda
Antonio RotaIFAD Senior Technical AdviserLivestock and Farming Systems
7th International Poultry Show and Seminar Dhaka, 25-27 March, 2011
Enabling the rural poor to overcome poverty
International Fund for Agriculture Development - IFAD
• 860 projects in 117 countries• Supported 371 million rural poor • Total IFAD disbursement: USD 11,9 billion• USD 808.4 million in 33 new projects in
2010
IFAD at work
From 1979 to 2009:
Smallholder farming
500 million smallholder farms worldwide supporting around 2 billion people. They:– Farm 80% of the farmland
in Asia and Africa– Produce 80% of the food
consumed in the developing world
– Feed 1/3 of the global population
– Women are increasingly the farmers of the developing world, producing between 45% and 80% of household food
Food Security and Production
• The world’s population is projected to grow from 6.8 billion to 9.1 billion by 2050
• Agriculture production in the developing countries would need to almost double
Factors determining rural poverty
Lack of assets,
land and water
Lack of access to financial
services & technology
Risk and vulnerabili
ty
Lack of political
representation for rural
poor
Conflicts and Crises
Inappropriate
government policies
Poor integration with local, regional & international markets
Lack of skills
and weak organizatio
ns
Fighting poverty
• Fighting poverty has become a priority
• 189 World Leaders committed themselves to address poverty in 2000
• Millennium Development Goals
Role of livestock
Worldwide there is evidence of a direct linkage between improvement of livestock production and poverty reduction
Livestock Sector
• The livestock sector is essential to the livelihoods of about 1 billion of the world’s poorest people
• It accounts for 30% of the agricultural GDP in developing countries
• It grows faster than most other agricultural sub-sectors(WB, 2009)
Consumption of livestock products in developing countries
Meat production in developing countries
Poultry, rabbits, guinea pigs, sheep, goats, pigs… are the animals of the poorest. Why?:
– Even landless can keep them (sometime they are their only asset)
– Reproduce fast
– Efficiently transform roughages, shrubs, kitchen waste… into highly valuable food
– Produce manure which is often the only input for crop production
– No need for big starting capitals
– Easily sold or bartered
– Highly mobile in case of crisis/disaster
– Socio-cultural value
Small Livestock (SL)
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve universal primary education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• Reduce child mortality
• Improve maternal health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Develop a global partnership for development
IFAD Projects with rural poultry development component
Project with a Rural Poultry Development component – on going
Project with a Rural Poultry Development component – completed
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than 1 USD a day
• Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
TARGET
Source: World Bank 2009
Living with $ 1.25 a day
Child malnutrition Source: World Bank 2009
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Small Livestock:
• Contribute to human nutrition providing food with high quality macro and micronutrients
• Generate small income and provide the potential to ‘bank’ savings, which enhances the capacity to cope with shocks and reduces economic vulnerability
• In times of crises (i.e. drought, flooding, conflicts), play an important role as ‘mobile’ food asset
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (nutrition)
•Poverty leads to a human diet that is lacking in diversity:
– Low in vitamin A, vitamin B-12, riboflavin, calcium, iron and zinc
– Causes anemia, poor growth, rickets, impaired cognitive performance, blindness, neuromuscular deficits, and in the worst cases death.
– Foods of animal origin are particularly rich sources of all six of these nutrients, and relatively small amounts of these foods can improve the quality of the total diet substantially (Murphy and Allen, 2003).
•40-50% of eggs and poultry produced is self-consumed.
Data from Dr. Frands Dolberg
Poultry used for poverty alleviation helps increase equity of consumption of other (animal) products: Bangladesh.
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (nutrition)
Data from Dr. Frands Dolberg
Food item Increase in consumption by factor:
Eggs 2.5
Chicken meat 2.4
Fish 1.2
Meat (beef and goat)
2.0
Milk 3.0
Grain 1.2
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (impact)
Impact of the Village Poultry Programme
Afghanistan:
• Profitability 91.0 %• Interest to keep Poultry 95.7%• Family egg consumption 88.9%• Chicken meat consumption 67.7%• Egg selling 87.5%
Data from FAO, 2006
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (impact)
Afghanistan Traditional Poultry Improved Poultry
Flock size 2.5 hens (max. 5.7 hens) 15.4 hens
Avg. eggs per year
125 eggs (max. 309 eggs) 2410 eggs (max. 2830 eggs)
Avg. income per month from eggs
12-13 USD (max. 30 USD) 144 USD (max. 250 USD)
Avg. income per month from chicken
10-12 USD n.a.
Avg. income per month for Women Poultry Group Leader providing services (i.e. vaccination)
n.a. 23-40 USD per month
Comparison of profitability of different rural poultry enterprisesBangladesh:
Components
Gross Return
Gross cost
Cash cost
Net Return
Gross margin
BCR(Full cost)
BCR(Cash Cost)
Chick Rearer
100260.45
65923.58
62313.36
34336.87
37947.09
1.51 1.60
Key Rearer 22097.25
5770.42 4568.21 16326.83
17529.04
3.86 5.99
Model Breeder
81315.00
73678.23
65130.73
7636.77 16184.43
1.11 1.24
Mini Hatchery
33956.41
15957.37
13606.74
17999.04
20349.67
2.082.43
Poultry Worker
4329.99 1396.08 527.88 2933.94 3802.14 3.09 8.41
(Taka per year)Data from Dr. Meherunnesa Chowdhury Sumy Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (impact)
BCR: Benefit Cost Ratio
MDG 2. Achieve universal primary education
• Inability of families to meet the costs of schooling is often the main reason why children cannot attend school or drop out at an early stage
• Selling SL and their products provides one of the few possibilities for poor households to generate cash income to meet yearly school fees
• Children with access to quality food (proteins and vitamins) have better health and take full advantage of the education they receive
MDG 3. Promote gender equality and empower women
• Women are the main caretakers of SL – especially where animals are kept near the house.
• They are often responsible for processing livestock products
• The ownership of SL gives them control over this asset and contributes to their empowerment
• Keeping SL enhances their status/self-esteem at household and community level
• Incremental increases in household income controlled by women have a demonstrated multiplier effect in enhancing family well-being
• The increase of daily burdens by keeping poultry is negligible.
MDG 4. Reduce child mortalityUN MDG Report 2010
MDG 4. Reduce child mortality
• The consumption of even small quantities of milk, milk products, meat and eggs is essential for reducing child mortality and improving healthy child development
• Poor households can cover health expenses and purchase medicines with incomes generated from their poultry
• However, the close contact between badly managed chicken and children can result zoonotic diseases
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO
REDUCED CHILD MALNUTRITION (Sixty three countries : 1970-96)
43%
26%
19%
12%
Women's Education
Food Availability
Access to Safe DrinkingWater
Women's Status
Data from IFPRI L.C.Smith, L.Haddad (1999) through Dr. Frands Dolberg
MDG 4. Reduce child mortality
MDG 5. Improve maternal health
• Consumption of milk, eggs and occasionally meat contribute significantly to the nutritional status of women
• Income generation from livestock owned by women can also help to improve maternal health
MDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
MDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
• In HIV/AIDS affected
household, young people (orphans) can better handle SL rather than large animals
• Using compatible infrastructures for human and animal health (i.e. cold chain for vaccines) may result in cost savings and better effectiveness
MDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
MDG 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
• Rural poultry is environmentally sound
• Rural poultry reduces insect pest (ticks!)
• Manure from poultry contributes to increase vegetable production
MDG 8. Develop a global partnership for development
• Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system.
• Address the special needs of the least developed countries
Targets
Net Export
Net Import
2015: -2,3602030: -3,520
2015: -2,9502030: -4,000
2015: -802030: -410
2015: 1,7702030: 2,770
2015: -2802030: -740
North America
Latin America
Sub-Saharan Africa
European Union (15)
Transition Countries
South Asia EastAsia
Oceania
Near East /North Africa
2015: -1,9002030: -1,090
Source: FAO 2002
Projected Net Trade In Meat (thousand MTs)
MDG 8. Develop a global partnership for development
Specific actions and policies are required to reduce transaction costs and barriers to market access which presently hamper poor (producers and consumers) to benefit from global livestock trade and growing demand for livestock products
Conclusions
Double the daily income of USD 1?
Generate employment?
QUESTION: By keeping SMALL LIVESTOCK is it possible for poor resource persons to:
Improve (child) nutrition?
Contribute empowering women?
Improve (child) health?
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Ensure environmental sustainability? YES
Unfortunately without additional efforts, several of the MDGs are unlikely to be achieved in many countries
International and national institutions, policy and decision makers are still reluctant to support the development of the SL sector
WHAT DO WE NEED TO MAKE A REAL CHANGE?
– Raise the awareness of decision-makers in national governments and donor agencies about the effectiveness of rural poultry as a tool for poverty reduction.
– Effective and consistent national pro-poor policies which are crucial to capitalise on the opportunities offered by the increasing demand for livestock products and poverty-focused agendas of several countries;
– Livestock farmers institutions which can help to voice their needs and facilitate the provision of services and inputs to the farming communities;
– Participatory adaptive research which is needed to identify appropriate technologies/models which are pro-poor, sustainable, economically viable and environmentally sound;
– Adapted Extension and Training for capacity building, especially for women;
– Market led approach by producers supported by effective/accessible/qualitative services (breeding, veterinary services, credit, processing, marketing, extension/training, etc.) and infrastructures;
– Personal commitment from “like minded” people to advocate for pro-poor development to achieve the MDGs through the promotion of the SL sector.
Conclusions
What IFAD is doing to support rural
poultry?
– Promoting rural poultry as an effective tool for poverty reduction, for food security and gender empowerment.
– Strengthening the International Network for Family Poultry Development – INFPD
– Funding Investment Projects that improve capacity building at all level; access to credit and market; bio-safety as a mean for reducing the impact of diseases and public health risks.
– Supporting research and up-scaling of successful models and technologies (i.e. Mini-hatcheries technology).
Conclusions
Proposed Actions
IFAD is prepared to work together with national/international institutions committed to pro-poor livestock to: Develop a business-like approach to sensitise national policy, decision makers and donors about the effectiveness of rural poultry development to reduce poverty. This entails:
– Identifying rural poultry development projects, models and approaches (i.e. Bangladesh model developed by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and the Government of Bangladesh) that “work” and characterise their key success factors for up-scaling.
– Gathering socio-economic data to demonstrate the return in terms of poverty reduction for each 1 USD invested in poultry production.
– Identifying examples of effective national policies enhancing food security and supporting smallholder poultry farmers business.
– Developing regional/national project proposals for substantial investments in the rural poultry sector in partnership with the private sector.
Thank youAntonio Rota ([email protected])IFAD, Senior Technical AdviserLivestock and Farming SystemsPolicy and Technical Advisory Division
Via Paolo di Dono 4400142 Rome, ItalyTel. +39 06 5459 2680Fax + 39 06 5459 3680
Please join the Community of Practice for Pro-Poor Livestock Developmentwww.cop-ppld.net