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Presented by:Presented by:K.Sanjeeva DineshK.Sanjeeva Dinesh

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K.IrfanK.Irfan 33rdrd ECE-KSRM COLLEGE OF ECE-KSRM COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERINGENGINEERING

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CONTENTSCONTENTS

DefinitionDefinition HistroyHistroy Current and future trendsCurrent and future trends ApplicationsApplications SummarySummary ReferencesReferences

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DefinitionDefinition

““Nanotechnology is the understanding Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel unique phenomena enable novel applications.”applications.”

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Scale of nanoScale of nano

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HISTROYHISTROY

The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or to mankind. An early example of a manmade nanoprocess is stained glass.

Birth of Nanotechnology• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science University used the word “nanotechnology” to describe the science and technology of processing or building parts with nanometric tolerances.•A nanometer is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a meter.

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Dr. Richard P. Feynman• “Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin?” •Dr. Richard Feynman, one of America’s most notable physicists, 1918-1988.

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Fullerenes Carbon 60 was named after Richard

Buckminster Fuller, who went by the nickname “Bucky.”

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Current trendsCurrent trends

Nano materialsNano materials Bottom-up approachesBottom-up approaches Top-down approachesTop-down approaches Biomimetic approachesBiomimetic approaches

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Nano materialsNano materials The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study materials having The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study materials having

unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions.[29]unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions.[29]

Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics.nanoionics and nanoelectronics.

Nanoscale materials can also be used for bulk applications; most present commercial Nanoscale materials can also be used for bulk applications; most present commercial

applications of nanotechnology are of this flavor. applications of nanotechnology are of this flavor.

Progress has been made in using these materials for medical applications; see Progress has been made in using these materials for medical applications; see Nanomedicine. Nanomedicine.

Nanoscale materials such as nanopillars are sometimes used in solar cells which Nanoscale materials such as nanopillars are sometimes used in solar cells which combats the cost of traditional Silicon solar cells.combats the cost of traditional Silicon solar cells.

Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles to be used in the Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles to be used in the

next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and biological imaging; see quantum dots.biological imaging; see quantum dots.

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Bottom-up approachesBottom-up approaches Bottom-up approachesThese seek to arrange smaller components into more Bottom-up approachesThese seek to arrange smaller components into more

complex assemblies.complex assemblies.

DNA nanotechnology utilizes the specificity of Watson–Crick basepairing to DNA nanotechnology utilizes the specificity of Watson–Crick basepairing to construct well-defined structures out of DNA and other nucleic acids.construct well-defined structures out of DNA and other nucleic acids.

Approaches from the field of "classical" chemical synthesis (inorganic and Approaches from the field of "classical" chemical synthesis (inorganic and organic synthesis) also aim at designing molecules with well-defined shape organic synthesis) also aim at designing molecules with well-defined shape (e.g. bis-peptides[30]). (e.g. bis-peptides[30]).

More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of supramolecular chemistry, and molecular recognition in particular, to cause supramolecular chemistry, and molecular recognition in particular, to cause single-molecule components to automatically arrange themselves into some single-molecule components to automatically arrange themselves into some useful conformation. useful conformation.

Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a chemical upon a surface in a desired pattern in a process called dip deposit a chemical upon a surface in a desired pattern in a process called dip pen nanolithography. This technique fits into the larger subfield of pen nanolithography. This technique fits into the larger subfield of nanolithography. nanolithography.

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Top-down approachesTop-down approaches These seek to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their assembly.These seek to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their assembly.

Many technologies that descended from conventional solid-state silicon methods for Many technologies that descended from conventional solid-state silicon methods for fabricating microprocessors are now capable of creating features smaller than 100 fabricating microprocessors are now capable of creating features smaller than 100 nm, falling under the definition of nanotechnology. Giant magnetoresistance-based nm, falling under the definition of nanotechnology. Giant magnetoresistance-based hard drives already on the market fit this description,[31] as do atomic layer hard drives already on the market fit this description,[31] as do atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. Peter Grünberg and Albert Fert received the Nobel Prize deposition (ALD) techniques. Peter Grünberg and Albert Fert received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007 for their discovery of Giant magnetoresistance and contributions in Physics in 2007 for their discovery of Giant magnetoresistance and contributions to the field of spintronics.to the field of spintronics.

Solid-state techniques can also be used to create devices known as Solid-state techniques can also be used to create devices known as nanoelectromechanical systems or NEMS, which are related to nanoelectromechanical systems or NEMS, which are related to microelectromechanical systems or MEMS. microelectromechanical systems or MEMS.

Focused ion beams can directly remove material, or even deposit material when Focused ion beams can directly remove material, or even deposit material when suitable pre-cursor gasses are applied at the same time. For example, this technique suitable pre-cursor gasses are applied at the same time. For example, this technique is used routinely to create sub-100 nm sections of material for analysis in is used routinely to create sub-100 nm sections of material for analysis in Transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy.

Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a resist, which is then followed by an etching process to remove material in a top-down resist, which is then followed by an etching process to remove material in a top-down method.method.

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Biomimetic approaches or Biomimetic approaches or biomimicrybiomimicry

Biomimicry seeks to apply biological methods and Biomimicry seeks to apply biological methods and systems found in nature, to the study and design systems found in nature, to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. of engineering systems and modern technology. Biomineralization is one example of the systems Biomineralization is one example of the systems studied. studied.

Bionanotechnology is the use of biomolecules for Bionanotechnology is the use of biomolecules for applications in nanotechnology, including use of applications in nanotechnology, including use of viruses and lipid assemblies.viruses and lipid assemblies.

Nanocellulose is a potential bulk-scale application.Nanocellulose is a potential bulk-scale application.

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Future trendsFuture trends

Nanotech enterprises will provide the ultimate convergence of Nanotech enterprises will provide the ultimate convergence of computers, networks, and biotech, and create products never computers, networks, and biotech, and create products never before even imagined.before even imagined.

Nano-devices-invisible, intelligent, and powerful-will be used in Nano-devices-invisible, intelligent, and powerful-will be used in every industry redefining the limits of what’s possible.every industry redefining the limits of what’s possible.

Nanotech food compilers will create on-demand, low-cost, quality Nanotech food compilers will create on-demand, low-cost, quality meals by assembling atoms into food.meals by assembling atoms into food.

Smaller than the head of a pin, surgical nanobots will operate from Smaller than the head of a pin, surgical nanobots will operate from within the human body.within the human body.

Nano-biology will prolong life, prevent illness, and increase Nano-biology will prolong life, prevent illness, and increase people’s health.people’s health.

Nano-enhanced humans will have physical, intellectual, and Nano-enhanced humans will have physical, intellectual, and sensing powers superior to other humans.sensing powers superior to other humans.

Nanotech will provide a cheap and available source of energy.Nanotech will provide a cheap and available source of energy. Nano-factories will build on-demand products in an inexpensive, Nano-factories will build on-demand products in an inexpensive,

flexible, and rapid process.flexible, and rapid process. Nanotech will revolutionize the global economy, providing Power Nanotech will revolutionize the global economy, providing Power

Tools that will produce high-tech products with low-cost and low-Tools that will produce high-tech products with low-cost and low-tech resources.tech resources.

Nanotech will create new choices that will alter human evolution, Nanotech will create new choices that will alter human evolution, raise dramatic ethical issues, and challenge social norms.raise dramatic ethical issues, and challenge social norms.

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APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Nanoporous oxide films such as TiO2 are being used to enhance photo

voltaic cell technology. Nanoparticles are perfect to absorb solar energy and they can be used in very thin layers on conventional metals to absorb incident solar energy. New solar cells are based on nanoparticles of semi conductors, nanofilms and nanotubes by embedding in a charge transfer medium. Films formed by sintering of nanometric particles of TiO2 (diameter 10-20 nm) combine high surface

area, transparency, excellent stability and good electrical conductivity and are ideal for photovoltaic applications. Non porous oxide films are highly promising material for photovoltaic applications. Nanotechnology opens the opportunity to produce cheaper and friendlier solar cells.

Solar Cells

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Nanotechnology offers unlimited opportunities to Nanotechnology offers unlimited opportunities to produce new generation pressure, chemical, magneto produce new generation pressure, chemical, magneto resistive and anti-collision automobile sensors. Many of resistive and anti-collision automobile sensors. Many of the novel applications such as new sensors, better the novel applications such as new sensors, better photovoltaic cells, lighter and strong materials for photovoltaic cells, lighter and strong materials for defense, aerospace and automotives are already in use, defense, aerospace and automotives are already in use, and applications such as anti-corrosion coating, tougher and applications such as anti-corrosion coating, tougher and harder cutting tools, and medical implants and chips and harder cutting tools, and medical implants and chips with 1 nm features may be developed in another 5-15 with 1 nm features may be developed in another 5-15 years. Nanostructured materials for nanoelectronic years. Nanostructured materials for nanoelectronic components, ultra fast processors, nanorobots for body components, ultra fast processors, nanorobots for body parts are still in the state of infancy.parts are still in the state of infancy.

Sensors

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Applications, ContinuedApplications, Continued

Ultra Light MaterialsUltra Light Materials

It is used in medical It is used in medical field to kill cancer cells field to kill cancer cells by using nanobotsby using nanobots

Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention

Nanofibres

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It is an electric It is an electric skin developed by skin developed by nano technology nano technology to supress the to supress the diagnosisdiagnosis

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Other major applications in varous Other major applications in varous fieldsfields

Nanobots and microbots in medical fieldsNanobots and microbots in medical fields Spybots in millitary academiesSpybots in millitary academies Graphene in solar cellsGraphene in solar cells Smallest FMSmallest FM Bullet proof technologyBullet proof technology Super thin memberanesSuper thin memberanes

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SUMMARYSUMMARY

Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is an emerging field in all areas of science, engineering and technology.

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ReferencesReferences

WikipediaWikipedia Nano technology blogNano technology blog Future trends of nano technologyFuture trends of nano technology