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Dr. EDEN V. EVANGELISTA
Philippine Normal University
Plants
Seedless
Non vascular
MossLiverwort
Hornwort
Vascular
With seeds
Ferns
Lycopods
Psilophytes
SphenopsidaW/O Flowers W/ Flowers
Cycads Ginkgo
Conifers Gnetum
Monocots Dicots
Plant Kingdom
Monocot
and
Dicot Plant
Monocot Plant
Dicot Plant
Apical Meristem of Coleus
Types of Roots
Tap Root
Fibrous Root
Adventitious Root
Root (Longitudinal section)
Root hairs
Monocot Root
(X section)
Dicot Root (x section)
Dicot Root
Sweet Potato
Adventitious
Roots
Adventitious Roots
of Philodendron
Pneumatophores
Prop Roots
(Corn)
Aerial Roots of Orchids
Monocot Vascular Bundle
Monocot Stem
Monocot Stem
Dicot Stem
Vascular Bundle
Phloem Xylem
Occurrence: Roots, stems and leaves Roots, stems and leaves
Additional Functions:Forms vascular bundles with xylem
Forms vascular bundles with phloem and givesmechanical strength to plant due to presence of lignified cells.
Elements:Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, bast fibers, intermediary cells
Tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem sclerenchyma
Nature of tissue: Living tissue Non living tissue at maturity
Movement: Bidirectional Unidirectional (upward)
Function:
Transportation of food and nutrients from leaves tostorage organs and growing parts of plant.
Water and mineral transport from roots to aerial parts of the plant.
Structure: Tubular with soft walled cells Tubular with hard walled cells
Phloem is made of living sieve-tube elements that lack a nucleus, ribosomes, or vacuoles; their metabolic functions are provided by companion cells.
The end walls between cells (sieve plates) have pores for transport of sugars.
T.S. Tilia sp. secondary growth outer layer
Dicot Stem
Secondary Growth of
Stem
Cypress stump said to be 2000 yrs old and around 100 ft high when cut
Tubers are actually swollen portions of underground stems (stolons) and, have nodes, and buds.
Rhizomes
Corms are unlike stolons and rhizomes because they usually grow vertically, instead of lying horizontally. They're unlike tubers in that tubers are typically attached to the main plant by a slender rootlike part of the stem, a sort of umbilical cord, while corms constitute the below-ground "heart" of the plant, the part from which aboveground stems and leaves directly sprout.
Gladiolus
Tendril: Modified Coiled Stem That Twines Around A Support
Stolons are slender stem-branches running horizontally away from the main plant, either above or below ground.
Water - Storing Stems specializing in storing water for the plant's use between rains
Monocot and Dicot Venations
Phyllotaxy
( leaf arrangement)
Opposite Alternate Irregular Whorled
Simple Leaf
Netted Venation
Simple Leaf
Parallel Venation
Palmate Leaf Palmate Leaf - Trifoliate
Pinnately Compound Pinnately Compound
Bipinnate
Monocot Leaf
Bulliform Cells
Dicot Leaf
Stomatal impression of corn
Bulbs
Bulbs can be considered to be very short stems encased in thickened, fleshy bulb scales (which are modified leaves). As the drawing below shows, the two basic bulb types are layered and scaly:
LAYERED BULBS are composed of a series of fleshy scales that form concentric rings when the
bulb is cut in cross-section.
SCALY BULBS, such as the lily bulb have fleshy bulb scales, which are modified leaves loosely clustered around the stem base.
Poinsettia
Bougainvillea
Mussaenda sp.
Aloe
Venus Fly Trap
Pitcher Plant
- Nepenthes -
Tendrils
Kalanchoe
Gumamela Flower – Hibiscus rosasinensis
Cauliflower
Dicot Flower Monocot Flower
Rosa sp.
Stargazer
JadeVine
Stongylodon elmeri
LEGUMINOSAE
Rafflesia arnoldii measuring up to 150 cm (42 inches)weighing up to 10kg
Leafless when flowering
Amorphophallus sp.
Allium
Amorphophallus
Anthurium
AnthuriumShows an open heart and hospitality
Male flowers
Female flowers
Dendrobium
Caesalpinia
Mimosa pudica
Amherstia nobilis
Queen of the flowering plants
Rice
Types of Inflorescence
Raceme PanicleSpike
Umbel
Corymb
Types of Inflorescence
Solitary
Head or Capitulum
Cyme
Sunflower
Heliathus annuus
These flowers can be classified into :Regular or Disc Florets-All petals have same size-They form the central disk of the capitulum in typical daisies-Usually surrounded by an outer ring of ray florets
Disc floret, typical for flowers of the Family AsteraceaeA. ovaryB. pappusC. thecaD. liguleE. style with stamen
●Irregular or Ray Florets-Usually pistillate or sterile, and have three or fewer teeth on the extended portion of the corolla
Ray floret, typical for flowers of the Family AsteraceaeA. ovaryB. pappusC. thecaD. liguleE. style with stamen
Puya raimondii Bolivian bromeliad
longest inflorescence
Hypanthodium
Fruits
Pome
Drupe
Samara
Hesperidium
Berry
Follicle
Legume
Nuts
Pea pod
Placentation
Axial
Parietal
Dry indehiscent fruit
Multiple fruits - Nangka
Coconut
Caryopsis
Pollen Grains
Male gametophyte
Stages of growth and development of the embryo
1. Water – The testa ruptures when exposed to water
2. Oxygen – Required for respiration
3. Heat – suitable temperature required to stimulate germination
Seed germinationThree factors needed for seed germination:
Thank You