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A Brief State-of-the-Art ofIce Slurries and its
TechnologyPeter W. Egolf
University of Applied Sciences of Western SwitzerlandInstitute of Thermal Sciences and Engineering
HEIG-VD / Hes-so
Main components:Plasma (carrier fluid)
„Thrombocytes“ (fluidity)
„Erythrocytes“ (red blood cells,transport)
„Leukocytes“ (white blood cells, protection)
Multifunctional fluids in nature, e.g. human blood
Technical multifunctional fluids
Micro- capsuleslurries
Micro- capsuleslurries
Shape stabilized paraffins
Shape stabilized paraffins
Micro-emulsionslurries
Micro-emulsionslurries
Clathrate slurriesClathrate slurries
Ice slurriesIce slurries
An overview of phase change slurries (PCS), which show a solid-liquid phase transition.
This graphic was designed on the basis of Inaba, 2000.
Thermal storage materials
Source:International Energy AgencyAnnex 18
Sensible heat storagewith water
Phase change materials
Type Substances Tm
(°C)
Hm
(kJ/kg)
Ref.
Ice/water/additives Ice slurries -5 to 0 80-150 Egolfet al.
Paraffins Eicosane, Docosane, etc. -12 to 71 128-197 Jahns et al.
Non-paraffin organics Beewaxes -13 to 187
131-438 Wirz et al.
Metallics Eutectic Bi-Cd-In 30-125 200-800 Wirz et al.
Salt Hydrates MgSO4-7H2O 28-137 270-650 Wirz et al.
Metal-salt compounds Ni-activated porous ceramics
1070-1130
280-480 Wirz et al.
Ice slurry production
Liquid Ice Outlet
Refrigerant Inlet
Refrigerant Outlet
Liquid Ice Inlet
Liquid film
Ice slurry
Newest ice slurry generators
a) Stamatiou et al., 2005
b) Stamatiou et al., 2003
c) Lim, 2004
See also review of Zhangand Ma, 2012.
Ice slurry ice particles
Photography:
Didier Vuarnoz
University of Applied Sciences of WesternSwitzerland
Time behaviour discovered by Frei and Egolf, 2000.
Laboratory installation at HEIG-VD/IGT/TIS
Specific enthalpy measurements
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Cha
leur
spé
cifi
que
(kJ/
kg K
)
Temperature (°C)
q = 78.2 kW/m2
m = 0.7 kg/sq = 68.5 kW/m2
m = 0.69 kg/s
q = 8.8 kW/m2
m = 0.37 kg/scalcul numérique
Spe
cifi
c he
at (
kJ/k
g)
Effective specific heat isthe derivative of the specificenthalpy
Ice slurry storage
a) Homogeneous ice slurry storage b) Heterogenous ice slurry storage From: Egolf et al., 2008
Rheological behavior
.
b
0
Dynamic viscosity Critical shear stress 0
UVP Technology (Takeda/Vuarnoz)
Multifunctional fluids in nature, e.g human blood
0
50
100
150
200
0 2 4 6 8 10
Posit
ion ac
ross t
he pi
pe
Velocity (m/s)
Moving bed flow
Theoretical model, Egolf et al, 2004.
• Supermarket refrigeration
• Air conditioning
• Food cooling (direct cooling)
• Aero plane cabine cooling, etc.
Applications of ice slurry
http://www.icesynergy.com/L4-1-fishchill.html
1) The technology has been mainly developed
2) Theories and calculation methods exist (IIR Handbook, 2005)
3) Advantage of high enthalpy density
4) Fluid ice (very simple and efficient transport of cold)
5) In case of blogging warming-up solves the problem
6) Advantage is the excellent cooling properties for any kind of food
Conclusions