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Per Falholts presentation at the AOCS, World Conference on Fabric and Home Care October 29-31, 2012 in Singapore. The presentation shows the remarkable effects on wash performance and energy savings of a cost-neutral replacement of surfactants with a cocktail of enzymes in laundry detergents.
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THE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE OF LAUNDERING
Per Falholt Chief Science Officer, Novozymes A/S
AOCS, World Conference on Fabric and Home Care October 29-31, 2012 in Singapore
GROWING WASHING MACHINE PENETRATION IN DEVELOPING AND EMERGING COUNTRIES
2005 2010 2015
67%78%
89%
% of Chinese households with a washing machine
Source: Euromonitor, 2015 projection based on CAGR 2005-2010
The sustainable future of laundering2 04/10/2023
BUT LAUNDRY IS STILL DONE BY HAND
China Brazil
48
83
52
17
Source: Novozymes’ 2011 consumer survey by Efficience3
<25% washed by hand
25-50% washed by hand
3 04/10/2023 The sustainable future of laundering
DR. SINNER’S CIRCLE
• Short wash cycles
• Low temperature
• Concentrated chemistry
Chemistry Mechanics Temperature Time
The sustainable future of laundering4 04/10/2023
HOW ENZYMES WORK
Others
Builders
SurfactantsSurfactants
Builders
Others
Surfactants
Builders
Others
The sustainable future of laundering5 04/10/2023
ENZYMES FOR HIGHER PERFORMANCE
PRIMARY WASH PERFORMANCE1 wash cycle
Stainremoval
Totalcleaning
Chili Sauce
SECONDARY WASH PERFORMANCE1 or more wash cycles
Fabric & Color care
Whiteness
The sustainable future of laundering6 04/10/2023
THE MECHANICS: SAVE EFFORT AND SAVE 2-3 WASHES
Unwashed items Washed items
Enzymatic soap bar
Non-enzymatic soap bar
The sustainable future of laundering7 04/10/2023
THE MECHANICS: CONSUMERS NOTICE THE REDUCED EFFORT IN BLIND TEST
Preference score (%)Existing brand in the Chinese market
Without enzymes With enzymes
Overall 46 54
Collar/cuff cleaning 46 54
Whiteness 47 53
Color brightness 48 52
Softness 50 50
Hand mildness 45 55
Suds richness 43 57
Product appearance 51 49
Effort saving 45 56
Economy (can be used many times) 44 56
Cracking under storage 49 51
Mush of the soap 43 57
Fragrance of the soap 46 54
Source: Single blind product test in China in 2009, 300 consumers, two weeks each.Statistically significant
The sustainable future of laundering8 04/10/2023
THE TEMPERATURE: ENZYMES ENABLE HIGH WASH PERFORMANCE AT LOW TEMPERATURES
• Novozymes Wash & wear test in China 2011
• Comparing standard Chinese powder detergent with protease to detergent optimized with enzyme cocktail
Wash performance setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, main wash time was 15 minutes, two rinse cycles, five repetitions, 14°dH, 20 or 30°C. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with typical Chinese powder detergent containing protease.
Example:Tomato soup
20°C 30°C 20°C with enzymes
2160
2180
2200
2220
2240
2260
2280
2300
2320
2340
Wash performance results, Chinese conditions
Rem
issio
n (
46
0 n
m)
(sum
of
44
sta
ins)
The sustainable future of laundering9 04/10/2023
THE TEMPERATURE: SIMULATED HAND WASH CONFIRMS RESULTS – AT NO EXTRA COST
Simulated hand wash setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, 20 minutes soak time followed by 12 minutes main wash and two rinse cycles, 550 ppm water hardness, 20 and 30°C, five repetitions. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with commercially available Indian powder detergent.
• Novozymes test in India 2012
• Comparing standard Indian powder detergent to detergent optimized with enzyme cocktail in simulated hand wash
Wash performance results, Indian conditions
20°C 30°C 20°C with enzymes
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
Rem
issio
n (
46
0 n
m)
(Sum
of
20
sta
ins)
The sustainable future of laundering10 04/10/2023
Example:Blood
THE TIME: ENZYMES DELIVER SUPERIOR WASH PERFORMANCE IN SHORT WASH CYCLES
• Novozymes Wash & wear test in China 2011
• Comparing standard Chinese powder detergent with protease to detergent optimized with enzyme cocktail
Wash performance setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, main wash time 10 or 15 minutes, two rinse cycles, five repetitions, 14°dH, 20°C. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with typical Chinese powder detergent containing protease.
Example:Carrot baby food
Wash performance results, Chinese conditions
10 minute wash 15 minute wash 10 minute wash with enzymes
2160
2180
2200
2220
2240
2260
2280
Rem
issio
n (
46
0 n
m)
(Sum
of
44
sta
ins)
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Wash performance results, Indian conditions
6 minute wash 12 minute wash 6 minute wash with enzymes
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
Rem
issio
n (
46
0 n
m)
(Sum
of
20
sta
ins)
Simulated hand wash setup: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U automatic washing machine, 20 minutes soak time followed by 6/12 minutes main wash and two rinse cycles, 550 ppm water hardness, 20°C, five repetitions. Cost-neutral, surfactant-reduced enzymatic detergent (containing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase) compared with typical, commercially available Indian powder detergent.
THE TIME:SIMULATED HAND WASH CONFIRM RESULTS
• Novozymes consumer test in India 2012
• Comparing standard Indian powder detergent to detergent optimized with enzyme cocktail in simulated hand wash
The sustainable future of laundering12 04/10/2023
Example:Blood
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Chart Title
Gra
ms o
f C
O2e p
er
wash
Standard Chinese
detergent 20°C, short wash
Enzyme-optimized
detergent 20°C, short wash
Standard Chinese
detergent 20°C, long wash
Standard Chinese
detergent 30°C, short wash
-1%
+30%
+5%
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION WITH ENZYMES SAVES CO2
Source: Chinese Wash & wear test
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…AND IS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
* According to market research, Chinese consumers use three million tons of detergent each year (Fengjingyuan, 2009).NOTE: Assuming one car has an emission of 2.4 ton CO2e per year. Source: Novozymes lifecycle analysis estimate.
If all 3 million tons of detergent used per year in China* were optimized with enzymes
83,000 tons of CO2
35,000 cars off the road
2,800,000 m3 water
The sustainable future of laundering14 04/10/2023
…AND IS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
* According to market research, Chinese consumers use three million tons of detergent each year (Fengjingyuan, 2009).NOTE: Assuming one car has an emission of 2.4 ton CO2e per year. Source: Novozymes lifecycle analysis estimate.
5,000,000 tons of CO2
2,1 million cars off the road
The sustainable future of laundering15 04/10/2023
AND if an increase in wash temperature could be avoided
If all 3 million tons of detergent used per year in China* were optimized with enzymes
TODAY’S CIRCLE FOR WASH PERFORMANCE
Chemistry Mechanics Temperature Time
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Soiled Detergent 20°CUnsoiled
Detergent + lipase 20°CDetergent 30°C
SO HOW DO ENZYMES WORK IN FULL-SCALE WASH?
Full scale wash: Panasonic XQB65-Q680U washing machine, Chinese powder detergent, wash time 15 minutes, two rinse cycles, 14°dH, 20/30°C, w/wo 1 ppm of a Novozymes lipase. Scanning Electron Microscopy: A FEI Quanta 3D scanning electron microscope operated at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, detected backscattered electrons from the OsO4 stained lard. For cross-sectional analysis, epon embedding of fibers and subsequent sectioning at 2 µm with a Leica Ultracut UCT Microtome was used prior analysis.
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Soiled Detergent 20°C
Detergent + lipase 20°C
A CROSS SECTION OF THE FIBER SHOWS REMAINING LIPID AND PARTICLE SIZE
Scanning Electron Microscopy: A FEI Quanta 3D scanning electron microscope operated at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, detected backscattered electrons from the OsO4 stained lard. For cross-sectional analysis, epon embedding of fibers and subsequent sectioning at 2 µm with a Leica Ultracut UCT Microtome was used prior to analysis. Image analysis of three fiber samples from each FSW swatch using ImageJ, calculating pixel by pixel lipid signal intensity resulting in lipid total area and average particle size.
Detergent 30°C
Lipid area
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Red
uct
ion r
ela
tive t
o u
nw
ash
ed
Unwashed Detergent 20oC
Detergent 30oC
Detergent 20oC+ lipase
Average particle size
-1.66533453693773E-16
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Red
uct
ion r
ela
tive t
o u
nw
ash
ed
Unwashed Detergent 20oC
Detergent 30oC
Detergent 20oC+ lipase
The sustainable future of laundering18 04/10/2023
TECHNOLOGY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ACTION: FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
Light micrograph of lard-soiled cotton fiber Fluorescence micrograph of lipid on fiber
Single fiber fluorescence microscopy showing cotton fibers soiled with premelted lard, immobilized and labeled using nile red. Sample was analyzed in time-lapse studies using a Zeiss axiovert 135 microscope, with uniblitz shutter and 40x Fluar iris objective, NA 1.3. Fluorescence detected using a Orca-CCD camera (Hamamatsu) with exc. 515-545 nm and emm. 575-640 nm. Detergent: model liquid detergent with and without Novozymes Lipex® at 20°C.
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SUMMING UP
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THANK YOU