Data OrganizationData Organization

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Relational Databases

• A relational database is a collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.

• It stores all its data inside tables, and nothing more. All operations on data are done on the tables themselves or produces another tables as the result.

Relational Databases• Table Structure

• A table is a set of rows and columns.• It has a set of tables containing data fitted into predefined

categories.

• Each table (which is sometimes called a relation) contains one or more data categories in columns. Each row contains a unique instance of data for the categories defined by the columns.

Relational Databases• Normalization

• Normalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database.

• Advantages of the normalization process• Eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the

same data in more than one table) • Ensuring data dependencies make sense (only storing

related data in a table).

Relational Databases

• Key Fields• Key fields uniquely identify each row of data on a

relational database table.• If there can be only one ID per student, then the key

would be STUDENT_ID on the

PSU_STUDENT_TBL.• If a student can have more than one recorded skill and

more than one degree, then we would need two additional tables, each with STUDENT_ID as a key plus at least one more key field to uniquely identify rows of data.

Relational Databases• Parent Child Tables

• During normalization, the breakdown of data based on a single field that occurs multiple times indicates a parent/child relationship .

• The table holding basic Student information and the tables constructed to hold data about a Student’s Experience and a Student’s Educational background represent parent/child relationships.

• A child table must have all the key fields of the parent table in the same order plus at least one additional key field.

Relational Databases• Parent Child Tables

Data Model• It is a diagram of the underlying database tables and their

relationships.• It is often helpful to have a map illustrating the

various tables and their interrelationships

Relational Database, Metadata and PeopleSoft

SYSOBJECTSSYSCOLUMNS

PSRECDEFNPSPNLDEFN

PS_PSU_STUDENT_TBLPS_PSU_INSTR_TBL

Relational Database, Metadata and PeopleSoft

• System Catalog• System catalog tables are analogous to a table of contents

for a book, or to File Allocation Tables on a hard drive. The structure and table names vary depending on which RDBMS is being used, but the function is the same. The system catalog tables keep track of all of the objects that reside in the database instance, including non - PeopleSoft systems

e.g. SYSOBJECTS, SYSCOLUMNS

Relational Database, Metadata and PeopleSoft

• PeopleTools Tables• PeopleTools tables hold metadata about the PeopleSoft application that is installed on

the database. The PeopleTools tables contain the structure that the applications use to define the user

interface. The structure of the tables is the same for all applications. Each application enters data into the PeopleTools tables when it is installed.

PSDBFIELD - fields in application data tables

PSRECDEFN - application data table s, indexes, views

PSPNLDEFN - Values used to generate the HTML pages received by the browser

PSPRSDEFN - Contents of the portal registry, which builds the user navigation

PSXLATITEM - Values used to validate data for specific fields

Relational Database, Metadata and PeopleSoft

• Application Data Tables • The Application Data tables contain data entered for use

by your organization. The specific tables and their structure are determined by the application installed or by the definitions you create as a part of your development

• The naming convention used for Application Data tables is PS_*. e.g. PS_PSU_STUDENT_TBLPS_PSU_INSTR_TBL

Query Analyzer• SQL “SELECT” Syntax

• SELECT [COLUMNS] FROM [TABLE_NAME]

• SELECT [COLUMNS] FROM [TABLE_NAME] WHERE [COLUMN1] = [CONDITION]

• SELECT [COLUMNS] FROM [TABLE_NAME] WHERE [COLUMN1] = [CONDITION] ORDER BY [COLUMNS] [DESC/ASC]

• SELECT [COLUMNS],GROUP FUNCTIONS FROM• [TABLE_NAME] WHERE [COLUMN1] = [CONDITION] GROUP

BY [COLUMNS]• Group Functions – Max/Min/Count/Sum

Query Analyzer

• SQL INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE Syntax

• INSERT INTO [TABLE_NAME] [COLUMNS] VALUES[VALUE1,VALUE2…]

• UPDATE [TABLE_NAME] SET [COLUMN] = [VALUE] WHERE [COLUMN1] = [CONDITION]

• DELETE FROM [TABLE_NAME] WHERE [COLUMN1] = [CONDITION]

Query AnalyzerOnline Page Action

Command

Resulting SQL

Retrieve data from the search page in an Update mode. SELECT

Use the Add action to add a new search key to a control table INSERT

Use Alt + 7 (Row Insert) to add a row with an existing search key to a

transaction tab le in an Update mode.

INSERT

Save a page. COMMIT

Use Alt + 8 (Row Delete) in an Update mode. DELETE

Undo changes if errors occur during PeopleCode processing at Save time

ROLLBACK

Modify data on existing rows in an Update mode UPDATE

PIA – Peoplesoft Internet PIA – Peoplesoft Internet ArchitectureArchitecture

Client

Database Server

ODBC CONNECTIVITY

PeopleSoft Internet Architecture

(2 TIER Connectivity)

PeopleSoft Internet Architecture(2 TIER Connectivity)

• Advantages• Simpler architecture requiring only client

workstation and database server components to be installed.

• System administrators are not required to invest time learning application server administration.

• No need to consider purchasing either an additional machine or upgrading an existing machine to use as an application server.

PeopleSoft Internet Architecture: Definition

• PIA stands for PeopleSoft Internet Architecture.• It is the runtime architecture used to deploy and

execute• the pure Internet applications of PeopleSoft 8. Its

called pure since it follows the thin client model• Executes the applications built with PeopleTools

development environment.

• Pure Internet• Server-centric• Component-centric• Four-tier Architecture

Features of PIA

Advantages of PIA Over Client/Server• Thin Client:

– No executables on the client side – Low Cost

– No Processing at client side

• Network Protocol – The protocol used is HTTP

• Security - SSL security can be implemented in PIA

PeopleSoft Internet Architecture

(3 TIER Connectivity)

PeopleSoft Internet Architecture(3 TIER Connectivity)

• Advantages• Reduced network traffic.• Improved WAN performance.• Reduced maintenance of client workstation configuration,

since database connectivity is not required on the client.

• Enabling Web Client connections• Ability to scale the system, as needed, to meet rising user

demands by reconfiguring application servers, by installing application server(s) on more powerful machines, and by using multiple application servers

Web Browser

Application

server

DB

serverWeb

server

Browser

HTTP/HTTPS Jolt/Tuxedo SQL

• Uses HTTP protocol

• Receives only:

– HTML / XML

– Java script

– Cookie

Web Server

Application

Server

DB

Server

Web

Server

BrowserHTTP/HTTPS Jolt/Tuxedo SQL

• Web services – HTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI

• Servlet Engine • Java Servlets:

– Page Servlets: Content Retrieval and Page Assembly– Portal Servlets: Content Retrieval and Page Assembly– Integration Gateway Servlets: Listener Connectors– Report Repository Servlets

Web Server (Contd.)

This figure depicts the PIA architecture.

• Client request are made through the web browser.• These requests move to the Web Server• From the Webserver the request is passed to the Application server which communicates with the database. •The response to request follows the reverse path

Application Server

Application Server

DB ServerWeb Server

BrowserHTTP/HTTPS Jolt/Tuxedo SQL

LDAP

• It is the “Heart” of PIA - contains all application logic / HTML / XML generation

• Supports Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) integration

Application Server Domain

• Collection of server processes, supporting processes, and resource managers

• A domain advertises a set of “services” (such as build a page and save a page)

• Process scheduler also built around “domains”• You can have more than one domain per machine

(server)• Each domain only connects to one database.• Multiple domains can connect to the same

database.

Application Server Domain (Contd.)

BROWSERBROWSERWEB

SERVER

WEB SERVER

APPLICATION SERVER

APPLICATION SERVER

HRDatabase

HRDatabase

HRDomai

n

HRDomai

n

Example: One domain on one application server machine.

Application Server Domain (Contd.)

BROWSERBROWSER WEB SERVER

WEB SERVER

APPLICATION

SERVER

APPLICATION

SERVER

HRDatabase

HRDatabase

HRDomai

n

HRDomai

n

FSDomai

n

FSDomai

nFS

Database

FSDatabase

Application Server Domain (Contd.)

• Domain: Collection of server processes, supporting processes, and resource managers

• Server Processes – Manages different types of requests that reach the application server

• Tuxedo/JOLT – Jolt provides the connection between the Web Server and App server. Tuxedo is BEA software that gears the PS App Server

Application Server Domain (Contd.)

Database Server

DB ServerWeb

Server

Browser

HTTP/HTTPS Jolt/Tuxedo SQLApplication

server

• Consists of application data and metadata• Contains three types of PeopleSoft tables:

– System Catalog Tables– PeopleTools Tables– Application Data Tables

Batch Server (Process Scheduler)

Browser Web Server

Batch Server

App Server

RDBMS

SQL

• Components of Process Scheduler:– Process Scheduler Server Agent– Distributed AgentThe Process Scheduler is used to schedule the

processes in PeopleSoft. It can be consider as a part of the Application Server and communicates with the DB directly.

Logging in PIA

• Sign In• User Id• Password

• Navigate to a Component

• Page Layout• Header• Menu Pagelet• Target Area

• Searching Through PIA

PIA URL

Web Server

PS Portal Servlet

App ServerDomain

Portal

Node

Ref Type

MenuComponent

Hot Keys

Access Keys

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