Package management and creation in Gentoo Linux

Donnie BerkholzCouncil Member & Sr. Developer

Gentoo Linux

dberkholz@gentoo.org

@dberkholz

Me in Gentoo

The old me The new me

Blah, blah, blah..

History

Overview

Flickr: Liam Quinn

Gentoo PM goals

• Beautiful and colorful despite CLI

• Fully automated software installation

• Extremely easy maintenance• Available in most architectures and OS's

Gentoo PM goals(con't)

• Configuration file protection and automerge

• Advantages of compiling from source

• Multiple versions/implementations handling

• Binary package support

Portage features

• Customization of CFLAGS, LDFLAGS• USE flags (more on that later)• Various optional FEATURES• Protection for live system• FEATURES sandbox, collision-protect, protect-owned

• Compilation acceleration• FEATURES ccache, distcc

• System trimming• FEATURES nodoc, noman, noinfo• INSTALL_MASK

Portage features (con't)

• Parallelization support• --jobs=JOBS --load-average=LOAD• MAKEOPTS='-jN'• FEATURES parallel-fetch

• Auto resuming after failure• --keep-going

• Blocker automatic solving• com_err and ss V.S. e2fsprogs-libs

• Debugging support• CFLAGS "-g3 -ggdb3 -gdwarf-2"• FEATURES keepwork, nostrip, splitdebug, installsources

Portage features (con't)

• Embedded system support• Features in portage 2.2• License filtering• Generic package sets• FEATURES preserve-libs

Portage tree

• Gentoo's software repository• One of the largest• Branches• Overlays

Ebuild file

• Defines variables and functions used to build/install software

• KEYWORDS• SLOT• DEPEND, RDEPEND, PDEPEND• LICENSE, SRC_URI• Functions - src_unpack(), src_compile(), src_install()

• Eclasses

USE flags

• Map onto ./configure options• Defaults defined by profile• Define your own in addition to defaults

• Install only what you want• Example:• USE="-gnome kde qt -arts -nls"

EAPI: Ebuild API

• EAPI 0: Forever...• EAPI 1: Nov 2007• EAPI 2: Sept 2008• EAPI 3: Jan 2010• EAPI 4: Jan 2011• EAPI 5: Sept 2012

EAPI 0

• dev-libs/mpc/mpc-0.8.2.ebuild

EAPI 1

• IUSE defaults• IUSE=+foo

• SLOT dependencies• DEPEND=dev-libs/foo:slotname

• dev-vcs/statcvs/statcvs-0.4.0-r1.ebuild

EAPI 2

• SRC_URI arrows• http://bar/foo.tar → foo.tar.gz

• USE dependencies• DEPEND=dev-libs/foo[flag]

• [flag]• [-flag]• [flag=]• [?flag=]• [flag?]• [!flag?]

• sci-biology/arb/arb-5.1.ebuild

EAPI 2

• Blocker syntax• !dev-libs/foo• !!dev-libs/foo

• Granular builds• src_configure() from compile• src_prepare() from unpack

• Defaults for phase functions• e.g. default_src_unpack()• Also default()

• x11-libs/cairo/cairo-1.8.10.ebuild

EAPI 3

• Prefix support• Unpacking of .xz archives• media-gfx/graphviz/graphviz-2.26.3-r3.ebuild

EAPI 4

• pkg_pretend()• src_install() not empty by default

• pkg_info() on uninstalled pkgs• USE dependency defaults• flag+ flag-• For flags not in IUSE

• nonfatal prefix for commands• PROPERTIES (=interactive)• dev-vcs/git/git-1.8.1.ebuild

EAPI 4 (cont.)

• REQUIRED_USE: DEPEND for USE• flag1? (!flag2)• flag1? ( || ( flag2 flag3 ) )• ^^ ( flag1 flag2 )

• MERGE_TYPE=(source|binary|etc)• REPLACING_VERSIONS, REPLACED_BY_VERSION

• dev-db/mongodb/mongodb-2.2.2-r1.ebuild

• x11-libs/cairo/cairo-1.12.8.ebuild

EAPI 5

• Sub-slots• Upgrade requires downstream package rebuilds

• SLOT=2/2.30

• Slot operator dependencies• DEPEND=dev-libs/foo:*• DEPEND=dev-libs/foo:=

• Profile IUSE injection• At-most-one-of USE groups• ?? ( flag1 flag2 )

• x11-wm/xmonad/xmonad-0.11.ebuild

EAPI 5

• usex [true1] [false1] [true2] [false2]• true1, false1 default to yes, no

• (do|new)header• new* read from stdin• EBUILD_PHASE_FUNC• Current ebuild phase

• Stable USE masking/forcing

EAPI 6?

bugs.gentoo.org/174380 Gentoo Hosted Projects → PMS/EAPI Summary: [Future EAPI] Blocks: future-eapi

Package management and creation in Gentoo Linux

Donnie BerkholzCouncil Member & Sr. Developer

Gentoo Linux

dberkholz@gentoo.org

@dberkholz

<http://dev.gentoo.org/~dberkholz/IntroToGentoo.odp>

Copyright 2006–2013 Rajiv Manglani, Zhang Le, Donnie Berkholz. Some rights reserved.

The Gentoo Linux logo is Copyright 2002 Gentoo Foundation, used with permission.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. To view a copy of this license, visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0> or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.