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By: Ningsih. S.M

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

Learning Objectives

After discussing the material, the student will be able to:1. Identify what communication is.2. Apply the effective communication in professional area.

Pre-Test

1. What is organizational communication?

2. What is system?3. What is downward communication ?

Background

1. The basis for understanding human process in organizations.

2.To be aware of communication skills that you as a college graduate should possess in order to meet organizational expectation.

3.Start a career as a communication professional in an organization or as an academic scholar in the field.

Definition

Organization is an open system communication among people within a specific context for the purpose of achieving common goals through cooperative effort

SYSTEM

An independent set of components which relate to each other in a structured,

organized manner

is

Communication

Communication attempts to share personal images of reality through verbal and non verbal behavior

Definition

Studying organizational communication requires looking at how communication processes contribute to the coordination of behavior in working toward organization and individual goals. (Miller:1995)

• Organizational communication is system of pathways through which messages flow patterns of interaction among people who comprise the organization (who communicates with whom?)

• Organizational Communication is also defined as “A program that focuses on general communication processes and dynamics within organizations”

The characteristic of organizational communication

• System ( open and closed system)• Input, throughout and output.• The message becomes parts of the input for

additional communication activities.• Communication system continuously cycle

messages, ideas, and information as they interact with the environment

• Communication attempts to share personal images of reality through verbal and nonverbal behavior

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

THROUGHPUT

INPUT OUTPUT

Types

Formal

Informal

TEACHERS

UPWARDTo

Superior

DOWNWARDTo

Subordinates

HORIZONTAL

To Peers Member

s of Teaching Team

FORMAL

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Upward Communication

• from lower to higher levels of the organization (such as communication initiated by subordinates with their superiors).

• Types of messages: performance on the job, job related problems, fellow employees and their problems, subordinates perceptions of org policies and practices, tasks and procedures

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Downward Communication

• from upper to lower(such as manager to employer or superior to subordinate).

• Types of messages: Job instructions, job rationales, procedures and practices information, feedback, and indoctrination

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Horizontal Communication

• Flow of messages across functional areas at a given level of an organization (this permits people at the same level to communicate directly).

• Type of messages: facilitates problem solving, info sharing across different work groups, task

Informal

• The ‘grapevine’ emerges from social and personal interests of the employees rather than formal requirements of the organization.

Organizational Communication Context

Public Context

Small Group Context

Interview Contexts

Brief Encounter Contexts

• Public Context speaker addresses an audience of several people. Purpose maybe informative, persuasive, entertaining or continuation

• Small Group Context comprises of 3-20 people who interact in face-to-face situation for the purpose of achieving mutual goals.

• Interview Contexts generally occur between two people. One person has the primary responsibility of asking questions which the other persons tries to answer.

• Brief Encounter Contextsoccurs two people who interact freely to share information or to reach agreement on an idea