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Moneyball, the Extra 2%, and What Baseball Management, Fantasy
Football, and Newspapers Can Teach Us About Fostering Innovation in
Managing CollectionsGreg Raschke
North Carolina State University
University of Oklahoma
March, 2014
Baseball to Collections Context
Supply-Side Collections Print-based, unpredictable
demand, and legitimate need for just in case collections
Lead to judging quality by size (as in the ARL rankings) and libraries were then held captive to this standard
Contributed to inelastic demand for journals and combinations of speculative buying
Use is secondary to size, dollars expended, and other input measures
Credit to David Lewis (http://ulib.iupui.edu/users/dlewis)
Supply-Side to Will Not Continue
Assumptions
Economics are not sustainable Collections budgets will not grow at rate of past 30 years Unit growth and growth in cost per unit are not sustainable
Need to lower costs of overall system Lower unit costs Use data and users to be more precise
Tipping point for ability and expectations to deliver content at point of need
Therefore collection practices and strategies must change This is difficult – much reason for optimism
Demand-Driven Collections – Core Roles Make information easily,
widely, and cheaply available Collections as drivers of
research, teaching, and learning
To make special or unique collections held/managed by the library available to the user community and the world
Demand-Driven – More Assumptions Less tolerance for and less
investment in lower use general collections
Resource management based increasingly on use
Embrace expansion of available content and sense-making role
Risks of not evolving and failing to innovate – newspapers
Demand-Driven – Assertions
Tension between time-honored role as custodians of scholarship versus enabling digital environment for scholars
Must work on: Lowering unit costs of
scholarly materials OR Lowering number of
publishable units Must free funds for investing in
“new” arenas such as digital curation, digital scholarship, DDA, and collaboration
Demand-Driven – Assertions
Use based and user driven collecting models will take growing share of budget
Bet on numbers Bet on good and quick Put resources into enabling
digital environment for scholars and custodian role will come out of that strategy
Rewards of adapting – more used and vital than ever
Demand-Driven – Changing Practice Access won – management and coherence are keys Not just PDA – portfolio of approaches - more responsive and
expansive Utilize new tools and techniques to become advanced analysts and
deliver content at point of need Truly embrace evidence-based decision making and ability to
deliver content on demand Challenges: Resource sharing Existing practices and organizational models
Competency Trap
Competency Trap
Looking Deeper and Questioning Existing Practices Identifying market inefficiencies. Apply and accelerate significant
creativity. Question long-established
wisdom. Test what is “known” with in-
depth analysis, statistical modeling, and new approaches.
Value in stopping making stupid decisions
Emphasize interpersonal skills in leveraging new knowledge and approaches.
Reducing Unit Costs – Data Analysis Collections work less about selection and more about
analyzing use and incorporating content w/technology Data analysis is a key component in solving/managing:
Increasing pressure for accountability Increasing capability to gather and analyze data Increasing precision in the way we build collections
and expend resources Advocacy
Changing practice and data analysis at NCSU
Serials Review 2009 – Open, Data-Driven, and Real-Time Analysis Standardized usage data
(where available) Bibliometrics - publication
data and citation patterns (e.g LJUR)
Impact factor and eigenfactor User community feedback via
interactive, database-driven applications
Weigh/calculate/quantify user feedback
Weigh price against multiple data points
Usage ((07 usage+08 usage/2)+(publications*10)+ (citations*5)+(Impact Factor)
Community Feedback ((Weighted Ranking x % Match) x Total # Rankings) + 0.1 x # of "1s“
Price/feedback value Price/use Merge results to filter out top
20% and bottom 20%
Looking closer – Book CollectionsAn example - a closer look at print item usage
Traditional ILS reporting tools can make this difficult
Advanced analytical tools can help
What types of questions can we ask?
Should Patron-Driven records not purchased be purged after 1 year? How does print item usage break down? Which categories of print items net the best value?
If it’s not used after 2 years…Should PDA records
be purged?
Maybe…
We haven’t even hit 50% usage
But what if we take a longer view…
If it’s not used after 2 years…
Things begin to look different
Looking even closer… How does
print item use break down?
Single circ usage is consistently ~14%
Would this change in a PDA only world?
Expenditures to University Data
Expenditures to University Data
Expenditures to University Data
Measurable Uses of the Collection 2009/2010
Full-text journal downloads* 3,672,600
Database use 1,989,972
Print book circulations/renewals 525,430
Digital collections requests 471,403
E-books 149,815
Reserves** 327,267
Total Uses 7,136,487
* Includes use of NC LIVE full-text content** Includes textbook, print, and e-reserves usage
Measurable Uses of the Collection 2009/2010
Collections Data in Re-Conceptualizing Library Space Sell new collections
layouts and inventory. Decision-making.
Collections Data in Re-Conceptualizing Library Space
Collections Data in Re-Conceptualizing Library Space
Collaborative Imperative
Print curation Digital curation Digital collections Regional networks Mega-consortia and collective bargaining Reframe notion of collections budget
Challenges Have ability to be more
precise, more used, and more relevant than ever – need to make the necessary changes
CAVE people and Zealots Data and user-driven
approaches can punish niche areas, disciplinary variation, and resources without data
New value, new skills
Challenges, cont.
Contradiction of personal apps/devices and open resources
Open resources impact ability to control and command discovery environments, content delivery, and data analysis
From Assumptions to Assertions to Practice Grow/develop/hire analysts. Adapt statistical tools such as SAS software. Partner with digital library/technologists. Develop positive arbitrage. Put resources into enabling digital environment for scholars. Experiment – budget for it, reward it. Work hard to get the faculty to buy into new approaches. Combine analytical approaches with the people skills .
“…there was a bias toward what people saw with their own eyes, or thought they had seen. The human mind played tricks on itself when it relied exclusively on what it saw, and every trick it played was a financial opportunity for someone who saw through the illusion to the reality”.