NRCS Briefing on Orthoimagery for Hawaii and the Pacific Basin

Tony Kimmet USDA-NRCS-NCGC

Hawaii and Pacific Basin UpdateHawaii Geographic Information Coordinating Council

August 13th, 2010

Why USDA for Orthoimagery ?

• USDA supports GIS data acquisition and development in all geographical areas of the United States including Hawaii, Pacific Basin, Alaska, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.

• USDA supports Special Emphasis Programs such as the Asian American and Pacific Islanders programs.

• USDA employees over 600 employees in Hawaii and the Pacific Basin.

• USDA uses progressive new technology for areas such as Orthoimagery acquisition.

• As a member of NDOP and USDA Imagery Committees, I provide briefings 3-5 times a year on Hawaii and Pacific Basin Orthoimagery issues!

Alaska Update

2005-2006 Status Graphic

USDA-NRCS Digital Orthoimagery Acquisition in Alaska

Other Tasking by NRCS Alaska – ASRC/FAS Contract

• NRI - Remote Segments

– 854 AOI’s awarded to Geoeye

– $993,097

– 1:24000 NMAS

– 20% or less CC

– Tier 2 License

– 10% Delivered in 06

50 sq. km AOI’s - 9 NRI segments per AOI

2010 Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands Acquisition Plan

- Basic Specification is 1 feet, GSD, 4 Band (including IR) for all islands In Puerto Rico including outlying islands and all of the US Virgin Islands

- Contracts to be awarded and administrated by USACOE-Jacksonville, FL.

- NRCS Hawaii/Pacific Basin work includes, Food and Security Act, Soil Survey, active and funding member of US Coral Reef Task Force.

NRCS Web Soil Survey using NCGC Web Map Service

Watershed Planning to manage burn areas and land slips

Pacific Basin

Ngerikiil Bay, Palau

Soil Sediment Run-off

USDA-Web Soil Survey

New Hawaii/Pacific Basin Acquisition Activity

USDA-NRCS/FSA collected Orthoimagery for the Hawaii Islands in 1997-2002. When the contracts finished in 2002, 70% of the Hawaiian Islands was successfully collected at a cost of +1.2 Million.

• As a result of the Emerge Aerial acquisition collection, Satellite Technology was considered for the subsequence collection.

• USDA- NRCS started using Satellite acquisition in 2005 with primary DigitalGlobe. Complete statewide acquisition was finished in 2009.

• - Oahu is collected by DHS/NGA/USGS as part of the Urban 133 areas project.

• All islands have DG .6 Meter Resolution, Four Band Orthoimagery data except Oahu (1 Ft., Natural Color).

• Complete coverage was accomplished in 2009 with the deliveries of DOQQ’s for Hawaii Island at a cost of ~ $ 600,000 including Enterprise Premium upgrades.

Hawaiian IslandsDecember 2009

Original Source QB Imagery (Top) and USDA-NRCS Tone Balanced Imagery (Bottom).USDA has made available both original GeoTIFF files (Top) and processed imagery files bottom to Federal and State Agencies.

What is the next generation of Orthoimagery for Hawaii?

04/10/2023 DigitalGlobe Proprietary 21

Constellation Covering the Spectrum

Band NameMinimum Lower Band Edge (nm)

Maximum Upper Band Edge (nm) Sensors

Panchromatic 400 - 450 800 -900

Coastal 400 450

Blue 450 510 - 520

Green 510 - 520 580 - 600

Yellow 585 625

Red 630 690

Red Edge 705 745

NIR1 760 -770 895 - 900

NIR2 860 1040

450 800

400 450

450 510

580

585 625

630 690

705 745

770 895

860 1040

510

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Wavelengths (nm)

Panchromatic

Coastal

Blue

Green

Yellow

Red

Red Edge

NIR1

NIR2

Ban

ds

QuickBird Legacy Band

New Spectral Band

• WorldView-2 has a 50cm “visible” panchromatic band (Narrower than QuickBird) • 8 Multispectral Bands @ 1.8m native resolution – to support more “spectral” or

analytical applications; • WorldView-2 satellite incorporates the industry standard four multispectral bands -- Red, Blue, Green, Near-Infrared• Adds Four (4) additional (NEW) bands -- Coastal Blue, Yellow, Red Edge, Longer Wave Near-Infrared (NIR2).

WorldView-2 Higher Spatial and Spectral Resolution!

WorldView-2 Traditional Spectral Bands

• Blue (0.45 - 0.51 µm)– MS4 is designed for water body penetration, making it useful for coastal water

mapping. Also, useful for soil/vegetation discrimination, forest type mapping and cultural feature identification.

• Green (0.51 -0.58 µm)– MS3 is useful for measuring green reflectance of vegetation. It can also be

used for cultural feature identification.• Red (0.63 -0.69 µm)

– MS2 is sensitive to chlorophyll absorption region. It is useful for vegetation analysis and can even be used to differentiate plant types. It is also useful for cultural feature identification.

• Near Infrared (NIR1) (0.77 -0.895 µm)– This band is useful for determining vegetation types, vigor and biomass

survey, delineating water bodies, and for soil moisture discrimination.

New WorldView-2 Spectral Bands

• Coastal band – Determine water depth in littoral zones – Vegetation identification and analysis

based on chlorophyll and water penetration characteristics

– Atmospheric correction.• Yellow

– Ability to reproduce true color – Vegetation analysis

• Red Edge – Vegetative analysis, directly related to

plant health revealed through chlorophyll production

• NIR2 – Spectral analysis, overlaps with NIR-1 but

less affected by atmospheric influence, – Vegetative analysis and biomass studies

Bands Lower Band Edge (nm)

Upper Band Edge (nm)

Pan 450 800

Coastal 400 450

Blue 450 510

Green 510 580

Yellow 585 625

Red 630 690

Red Edge 705 745

NIR1 770 898

NIR2 860 1040

04/10/2023 DigitalGlobe Proprietary

Constellation Resolution and Accuracy

• WorldView-2 has 50 cm resolution and comparable accuracy standards to WorldView-1– WorldView-1stand-alone accuracy

certified at 4.1 m CE90% or better without ground control at NADIR*

– The combination of WV02’s refined attitude, restricting the off nadir angle (ONA) to 20 degrees and measuring accuracy in areas with a slope less than 5 degrees we can meet 1:12,000 ortho accuracy in remote areas without ground control (e.g., Yukon Flats, AK)

WorldView-2 Port Botany, Australia

October 20, 2009

* Excludes terrain displacement and viewing angle distortion

WorldView-1 CE90% Radius = 6.5 m

Certified at 4.1m CE90%

WorldView-1 CE90% Radius = 6.5 m

Certified at 4.1m CE90%

QuickBird CE90% Radius = 23 m

QuickBird CE90% Radius = 23 m

25

WorldView-2 Advantages: Level of Detail

400 Forested Uplands411 Pine Flatwoods

412 Longleaf Pine

413 Sand Pine Scrub

441 Coniferous

442 Hardwood

431 Mixed Forest

421 Xeric Oak

422 Other Hardwood

451 Clearcut

Potential when using 8 band high resolution imagery

410 Coniferous Forest

420 Hardwood Forest

430 Mixed Forest

440 Planted Forest

450 Clearcut Forest

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Level of Detail: from Type to Species

Anderson Classification System used below. Compare with National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NRIIS)

New Digital Globe Sample Applications with WorldView-2

WorldView-2First ImagesNatural Color (Top)

G,B,C (Bottom)2m Image

October 20, 2009

Benefits of Coastal Band for Bathymetry

Abu Dhabi, UAE

WorldView-2First Images

4 band 2m Image

November 23, 2009

Aitutaki Lagoon,

Cook Islands


4 band 2m Image

November 23, 2009

Aitutaki Lagoon


R, RE, NIR12m Image

November 23, 2009

Aitutaki Lagoon

submerged aquatic vegetation

400 600 800 1000

linear reefs


C, B, G2m Image

November 23, 2009

Aitutaki Lagoon

400 600 800 1000

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Wavelength (nm)

Near-IR 2MS

Blue Green Red Near-IR 1Red EdgeYellowCoastal

Vegetation Species and WV-2 BandsR

efl

ec

tan

ce

Norway maple

red sunset maple

green ash

honey locust

spruce

white ash

crab apple

hackberry

WorldView-2true color image

Sochi, RussiaFeb 20, 2010

+ bathymetry

WorldView-2land covers

Sochi, RussiaFeb 20, 2010

Remote Sensing and Forestry

• Applications– Forest acreage determination and spatial distribution of forests– Forest cover detection and characterization– Forest management data

• Timber species composition• Structure & age, Diameter, Height• Quality, health, Crown cover, Canopy closure, Biomass, leaf area index

– Mature and over mature forest discrimination – Forest regeneration control of felled and burnt areas – Monitoring of died-back areas during pests control – Tree felling planning, delimitation and monitoring of parcels, and plantation

monitoring – Estimate fire, storm and other extreme weather damage– Illegal logging– Early detection of disease, health status identification– 3D Modeling

DG/WorldView-2 Orthoimagery Acquisition Information and

Hawaii and Pacific Basin Image Samples

• USGS, State of Hawaii and USDA will contract for complete coverage of all 8 major Hawaiian Islands with DigitalGlobe/WorldView-2 Satellite Orthoimagery.

• ALL of Hawaii will be collected with DigitalGlobe – WorldView-2, 8 Band Multi-Spectral Imagery!

• Hawaii will be the first state with complete coverage of High Resolution Multi-Spectral data!

New Imagery Notification for Hawaii – Pacific Basin

Hawaii and Pacific Basin Orthoimagery 2010 Contributions

USGS $ 168,000State of Hawaii $ 140,000USDA (NRCS/USFS) $ 120,000*

--------------Total $ 428,000

* 2009 & 2010 Funds, Additional Funds PendingAll funding listed above incurred contracting fees

I would like to say Thank You to Craig Tasaka, Henry Wolter, David Tomita, Lisa Fisher/Joe Donnigan (USFS) and my contacts at NRCS -

Soil Survey Division and NHQ!

Most Recent Imagery and

Best Available

• USDA and some of you likely require best available.

• USGS/USDA strive to collect imagery with the lowest cloud coverage possible.

DG/WV2, Hawaii Island, North Half

DG/WV2, Hawaii Island, South Half

DG/WV-2, Currently Available (August, 2010), Not Currently Ordered

Kahoolawe, HawaiiJanuary, 2010DG-WorldView-28 Band MS with Pan

Kahoolawe, Hawaii, WV-2 : Bands 3,2,1, Pan Sharpen


Kahoolawe, Hawaii, WV-2 : Bands 7, 5, 2, Pan Sharpen


World-View-2 Eight Band Research Questions?

Here is the basic set of questions that we are trying to have researchers address. I’m not sure what stage you are at in your research but hopefully these questions can at least guide you as to what information we are trying to collect.

• What is the hypothesis you are testing, or the project you are working on? • What are the early results/indications for improvements with WV-2 data? • How does this compare to results based on QB data? • Can you quantify the improvements in terms of efficiency/speed/productivity/manual

intervention? • When will you have quantitative data and can we publish it as a research / case study? • Can you provide us your ground truth so that we can do our own analyses? • Do you have an idea of how this research would be applicable to existing commercial

markets or applications? • Have you conducted other studies with traditional 4 band imagery?

DigitalGlobe 8 Band Multi-Spectral Pan Sharpening Testing at USDA-NRCS

- In the past USDA has acquired Pan-Sharpen data from Orthoimagery DigitalGlobe.

- Cost considerations and the necessity to acquire native MS/Pan data prompted USDA/USGS to not contract for Pan Sharpen Orthoimagery.

- With the acquisition of DG-WV2, 8 Band Multi-Spectral / Pan Band data, testing is needed to determine best available Pan-Sharpen Techniques.

- Pan Sharpening testing has been started in ERDAS 2010, The following methods have been tested as of August, 2010.

- Resolution Merge- Modified HIS Resolution Merge (with WV2 parameters)- HPF Resolution Merge- Wavelet Resolution Merge

Pan Sharpen by DG Pan Band 8 Band MS

Pan Sharpen by DG Pan Band 8 Band MS

DigitalGlobe Pan Sharpening Summary• USDA/USGS/SOH will acquire 8 Band Multi-Spectral / Pan Band to allow Remote Sensing Analysis on

original acquired imagery.

• USDA will continue to test Pan Sharpening techniques and hopefully distribute both 8 Band MS / Pan Orthoimagery and Pan Sharpen Imagery. DG does not offer 8 Band Pan Sharpening.

• As of August, 2010 the best Pan Sharpen technique tested in Erdas 2010:- Resolution Merge, Method = Brovey Transform, Resampling Technique= Bilinear Interpolation

Summary:

• In a short time period it is very difficult to show all the potential applications of DG/WorldView-2 Multi-Spectral data.

• Possible application may include Habitat assessment, Invasive Species Detection, Bathymetric/Benthic, Vegetation Analysis, Land Use/Land Cover Mapping, Soil Mapping etc..

• Suggestion for HIGICC/Interested Users receive a Web Training session(s) from DigitalGlobe when the first DG/WV-2 Disc for Hawaii/Pacific Basin is released.

• The tentative date for release is October, 2010.

DigitalGlobe/WorldView-2 Applications?

• All USDA distributed data for Hawaii has a Enterprise Premium License.

• NRCS will work with USGS-EDC for placing the Enterprise Premium datasets into Seamless Server. NRCS-NCGC has delivered to USGS-EDC a complete dataset for Hawaii

Distribution points of contact are....

• For USDA Only Please contactPatricia Shade (808)-541-2600, x 120 ([email protected])

• or Tony Kimmet (817)-509-3434 ([email protected] )

Outside USDA Please Contact: Henry Wolter (USGS-HI), (808)-587-2409, ([email protected])

Hawaii Orthoimagery Data Distribution

• USDA-NRCS with the help of the USFS upgraded all USDA acquired DigitalGlobe QB2 Orthoimagery for Hawaii and the Pacific Basin to Enterprise Premium.

• USGS and State of Hawaii have agreed that the Enterprise Premium License will meet

their agency application requirements.

• Allows USDA to post compressed Orthoimagery mosaics of all Hawaii/Pacific Basin QuickBird data to the Public on the USDA Gateway. All users (Federal Civil/Defense, State, Local, Educational, General Public, US Territories/Trusts) except for profit companies have access to these datasets.

DigitalGlobe Enterprise Premium License would allow the following.

- Allows USDA to post compressed mosaics of all QuickBird data listed in Appendix A on the “Public” side of the USDA Gateway. All users would have access to these datasets. The USDA Gateway is also the compressed raster data distribution portal for Imagery for the Nation (IFTN).

- Allows QuickBird data to be hosted on a Web Map Service (WMS) available to the General Public if the site does not charge a fee for the service.

- All Federal/State/Local Government, Universities, Non-Profit Organizations and the General Public would be allowed to use DG Satellite data.

DigitalGlobe Enterprise Premium License exclusions.

- DigitalGlobe currently does not offer a “Public Domain” license for QuickBird data. The Enterprise Premium License is the most open license available from DigitalGlobe.

- The only exclusion in broad terms of the Enterprise Premium License is that DigitalGlobe QuickBird Imagery data itself could not be re-sold by anyone else (Vendors, Universities etc..). Please refer to Appendix C and D for more information on exclusions to Enterprise Premium.

• After USDA upgraded the DigitalGlobe Orthoimagery License to Enterprise Premium we shipped the following to many Federal/Sate Agencies

- Complete Orthoimagery coverage in GeoTIFF/MrSID format for all of the Hawaii- Updated Metadata including license provisions and limitations- HR Orthoimagery coverage for Oahu (2005 and 2008)- Processed IfSAR DEM from InterMap including License information

- The above dataset was sent to…

- USDA-FS (3 Locations)- USDA-NRCS- USDA-FSA-APFO- USDA-APHIS- USGS (2 Locations)- NOAA (3 Locations)- NPS- DOD - Florida- State of Hawaii

Hawaii Orthoimagery Data Distribution

• GeoTIFF / Erdas Imagine / MrSID Compressed Files

Hawaii and Pacific Basin Orthoimagery 2010 Data Distribution

January 2010 – (Hawaii Disc #1, 2 TB) Complete Orthoimagery coverage for Hawaii, Licensed, Public Domain).

- InterMap reprocessed IfSAR DTM/DSM DEM’s included with Derivatives (Hillshade, Contours etc..)

March, 2010 – Complete Orthoimagery coverage of North West Hawaii Islands except Maro Reef. GeoTIFF files only. MrSID’s will be released in next Pacific Basin disc. American Samoa (Rose, Swain Tutuila, Pre/Post Tsunami) also included.

September 2010 – Distribution of new versions of select Hawaii islands in MrSID/Erdas format (Hawaii Disc #2). GeoTIFF files were released with Hawaii Disc #1.

September/October 2010 - Pacific Basin Disc #1, 2 TB) – Complete USDA archive coverage of all DigitalGlobe-QB2 and select GeoEye/GeoEye-1 datasets.

October/November 2010 (Hawaii Disc #3 , 2 TB) – New DigitalGlobe/WorldView-2, 8 Band for Kauai, Niihau, Kahoolawe, Maui and Eastern Hawaii Island. GeoTIFF and Pan-Sharpen datasets.

http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov

Gateway :

- DG Enterprise Premium License will allow compressed mosaics on the Public Side of the Gateway.- Mosaic must be compressed at 20:1- USDA finished re-compressing at Hawaii mosaics and updating metadata.-MrSID mosaics are available on Gateway or Data Discs from Henry Wolter/Tony Kimmet.- Hawaii DG/QB2 mosaics are now posted on the Public Side of the Gateway!

Pacific Basin Orthoimagery

Circled Areas are on the NRCS/FAS DigitalGlobe Contract

Digital Globe Pacific Basin Update (June 2010)

NRCS has complete coverage of the Pacific Basin Islands under contract. except CNMI-Alamagen Islands.

Show Pacific Basin Feasibility Report!

USDA Orthoimagery Acquisitions, Part 1

Guam-CNMINW Hawaiian

IslandsAmerican

Samoa PalauMarshallIslands

Misc.

Most Islands/Atolls above are Orthoimagery however some were originally produced as Georeferenced due to a lack of DEM’s before 2007 when SRTM became available

Complete list with Image Acquisition dates and License level will be available in July 2010.

USDA Orthoimagery Acquisitions, Part 2

Federated States of Micronesia

Most Islands/Atolls above are Orthoimagery however some were originally produced as Georeferenced due to a lack of DEM’s before 2007 when SRTM became available

Complete list with Image Acquisition dates and License level will be available in July 2010.

Tsunami struck American Samoa on September 30th, 2009. USDA-NRCS provided Orthoimagery used in the Geospatial community for Disaster Response.

American Samoa, Tutuila

• USDA contracted with DigitalGlobe to provide Tsunami struck American Samoa with a updated Orthoimagery in early October, 2008. 30th,

• USDA-NRCS provided Orthoimagery used in the Geospatial community for Disaster Response.

• USDA-NRCS geometrically altered one Satellite Orthoimagery scene to better match two other scenes. The next slide shows Orthoimagery provided for Disaster Response.

American Samoa, Tutuila

Pre-Event, Orthoimagery, Sept 3rd,2005 Post-Event, Orthoimagery, Sept 30th, 2009

Less than 3 hours after the Tsunami struck American Samoa , DigitalGlobe-QuickBird-2 Satellite acquired the Imagery on the right side.

Debris at Airport

Debris in Water Areas and Displaced Dock

Hawaii and Pacific Basin Islands Projected Under Contract DigitalGlobe WorldView-2

Hawaiian Islands: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Oahu, Kauai, Niihau, Molokini Crater and Lehua.

North West Hawaii Islands: Midway

Guam

Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands: Saipan, Tinian with Aguijan, Rota, Pagan

American Samoa: Tutuila, East Manua, West Manua, Rose Atoll and Swain Atoll

Federated States of Micronesia: Yap State/Yap Island

Misc: Palmyra

USDA-NRCS Future Satellite Trends…..

• Increase use of higher resolution, multi-band imagery from sensors such as DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 (DGWV2) will be tested in NRCS. It is possible that DGWV2 eight bands can be used in selective Remote Sensing applications that require more than four bands.

• USDA-NRCS will continue to depend on Satellite contracts from USDA-FAS for acquisition of Orthoimagery.

Thank You for your time

Above the Clouds on Haleakala Crater NP at Sunset